How to program a CNC milling machine to make a curve?

Mondo Technology Updated on 2024-02-07

CNC milling machine programming is of great significance for machining workpieces with complex shapes. Curve machining is more complex in the programming of CNC milling machines, and it requires proficiency in programming languages and machine tool control systems. Below we will introduce in detail the method of compiling curves in the programming of CNC milling machines.

1. Definition of curves.

In CNC machining, a curve usually refers to a curve represented by a mathematical equation. Common curves include straight lines, arcs, ellipses, parabolas, sine curves, cosine curves, etc. The main difficulty in curve machining is how to convert abstract mathematical equations into coordinate data that can be recognized by CNC machine tools.

2. Coordinate system.

In CNC machining, the coordinate system is divided into the machine tool coordinate system and the workpiece coordinate system. The machine coordinate system is the coordinate system inherent to the machine tool, which is usually set to the machine tool origin as the center, and the x, y, and z axes are horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical, respectively. The workpiece coordinate system is the coordinate system that is set at the time of programming, usually related to the positioning of the workpiece. When performing curve machining, it is necessary to set the workpiece coordinate system correctly to ensure the machining accuracy.

3. Programming Language.

Common NC programming languages include G in ISO and macros in FANUC systems. The commands used to describe curves in G** include G02, G03 (arc interpolation), G04 (pause), G05 (constant speed machining), and so on. Variables and conditional statements can be used in macros to describe more complex curve machining processes.

Fourth, curve programming examples.

The following takes the macro program in the FANUC system as an example to describe how to compile a sinusoidal curve.

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o1000;

Program start) g90 g54 g00 x0 y0;

Select absolute coordinates, using the workpiece coordinate system).

m3 s1000;

The spindle rotates at 1000rpm).

Set the amplitude of the sinusoidal curve to 100mm).

Set the wavelength of the sinusoidal curve to 100mm).

Set the number of families of sinusoidal curves to 6).

##3;Calculate the angle between each sinusoidal curve).

if [#3 gt 0]

If the number of families is greater than 0).

do10 i = 1 to #

Cycle machining for each sinusoidal curve).

#5 = i * #

Calculate the phase angle of the current sinusoidal curve).

x = #1 * sin[#

Calculate the x-coordinate of the current sinusoid).

y = #1 * cos[#

Calculate the y-coordinate of the current sinusoidal curve).

g01 x y;

Move to the next point in the current x and y coordinates).

g04 x #

Pause for a period of time to remove the tool from the surface of the workpiece).

end1;m5;

The spindle stops rotating).

m30;End of procedure).

Taking the above macro program as an example, the amplitude, wavelength and number of families of the sinusoidal curve can be adjusted according to the actual processing needs. When compiling the curve machining program, it is necessary to fully consider the movement trajectory of the tool, the processing speed and the feed to ensure the processing quality and efficiency.

In short, the compilation of curves in CNC milling machine programming requires proficiency in programming languages and machine tool control systems, as well as a certain mathematical foundation. In the actual machining process, you can continuously accumulate experience and improve the accuracy and efficiency of curve processing by writing and debugging programs.

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