This article is from "Nankai Sun Pharmacist", which is used for medical science popularization for reference. Vitamins are a class of small molecule organic compounds necessary to maintain normal metabolism and health of the human body, most of the vitamins in the human body can not be synthesized or the synthesis is insufficient and must be ingested from food, under normal circumstances, dietary intake can meet the needs, insufficient vitamin intake can cause vitamin deficiency. Vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12 are all B water-soluble vitamins, which are widely found in meat, fruits, vegetables, grains and other foods, and are mainly used as coenzymes to participate in the metabolism of important substances such as sugar, fat and protein in the human body.
Vitamin B1 is involved in the formation of coenzymes in the body, is necessary for glucose metabolism, and maintains the functions of the nervous system, circulatory system, and digestive system. Inadequate intake can lead to vitamin B1 deficiency, and severe deficiency can lead to "beriberi", polyperipheral neuritis, cardiac insufficiency, and anorexia. It is suitable for the prevention of vitamin B1 deficiency and **, such as vitamin B1 deficiency caused by vitamin B1 deficiency (beriberi) or Wernicke encephalopathy, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, organic amnesia syndrome, pregnancy-related neuritis, and can also be used as an auxiliary for peripheral neuritis and dyspepsia**. Vitamin B1 has no definite effect on cerebellar syndrome, ** disease, chronic diarrhea, psychosis, and multiple sclerosis, and is not recommended.
Vitamin B2 is converted into flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide in the body, both of which are important coenzymes for tissue respiration, participate in the metabolism of sugar, protein and fat, maintain normal visual function and promote growth, and can activate vitamin B6, convert tryptophan into niacin, and may be related to the maintenance of red blood cell integrity. In clinical practice, it is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin B2 deficiency, such as angular cheilitis, glossitis, chapped lip, **inflammation, corneal vascularization, conjunctivitis, seborrheic dermatitis, etc., and can also be used for migraine adjunct.
Vitamin B6 is converted into pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate with physiological activity through the action of ATP enzymes in the body, which is a coenzyme of aminotransferase, decarboxylase and digestive enzymes of certain amino acids, participates in the normal metabolism of sugar, protein and fat, and is related to the production of white blood cells and hemoglobin. Clinically, it is mainly suitable for the prevention and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency, can reduce the nausea and vomiting caused by pregnancy, anticancer drugs and radiation in some patients, can be used for leukopenia, sideroblastic anemia, chapped lip, etc., and prevents and treats peripheral neuritis, anxiety, insomnia, convulsions, coma caused by a large amount or long-term use of isoniazid, etc., and is combined with nicotinamide** pellagra.
Vitamin B12 is a cobalt-containing red compound, which needs to be converted to methylcobalamin and coenzyme B12 to be active, and when it is deficient, it causes DNA synthesis disorders and affects the maturation of red blood cells, causing megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 is also indirectly involved in the synthesis of thymine deoxynucleotides. However, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to increased methylmalonic acid excretion and abnormal fatty acid metabolism, which is likely to be one of the causes of neurological lesions. It is mainly used for vitamin B12 deficiency caused by various reasons such as megaloblastic anemia, diet or malabsorption, and can also be used for neurological diseases such as multiple peripheral neuritis, neuralgia, and nerve atrophy.
There is a synergistic effect between various B vitamins, such as vitamin B2 can activate vitamin B6 to make it more effective, vitamin B12 and folic acid (vitamin B9) can be combined with megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B6 and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) can be combined with pellagerra, vitamin B1 and vitamin B12 can be combined with peripheral neuropathy and so on. In addition, the common causes of B vitamin deficiency include inability to eat or insufficient feeding, digestive and absorption disorders, enhanced catabolism, increased physiological requirements, unreasonable parenteral nutrition support and intestinal flora disorders, etc., patients who are often deficient in a B vitamin in clinical practice are often accompanied by other B vitamin deficiencies, so it is recommended to use B complex vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6).