Emperor Liu Zhi of the Han Dynasty (132 AD - 167 AD), the eleventh emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the son of Liu Yi, Marquis of Liwu. During the reign of Emperor Liu Zhi of the Han Dynasty, he destroyed Liangji and grasped the imperial power; But he also admired Buddhism and Taoism, indulged in women, trusted eunuchs, and examined non-humans. As a result, the Eastern Han Dynasty has been declining since then and is on the verge of extinction. Emperor Liu Zhi of the Han Dynasty not only changed the Yuan more, but also had many palace maids, and even the queen also set up three; Life is quite decaying, and there are as many as 10,000 harem maids; He reigned for 21 years, and there were more than a dozen nobles and countless talented women. On December 28, the first year of Yongkang (167), Emperor Huan of Han died in the front hall of Deyang at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, with the temple name Weizong (later removed from the temple number), nicknamed Emperor Xiaohuan, and buried in Xuanling.
Biography of the characterLucky to ascend to the throneIn the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, there were many foreign vassals who succeeded to the unification. The reason is that the Han Emperor died early or had no queen in his prime. Relatives or eunuchs in power want a new young and ignorant little emperor. In order to continue to control the government. Emperor Huan's throne was obtained by luck because of this. In the first year of Emperor Qian's first year (146), the Empress Dowager Liang Na sent Liu Zhi, Marquis of Liwu, to Xiamen Pavilion in the north of Luoyang City, preparing to marry her sister to him. But the wedding had not yet taken place, and the queen mother's brother, Liang Ji, who was a general, poisoned the young emperor to death because the new emperor was only 8 years old, and Emperor Han accused him of being a "general". Therefore, the court and the central government have to discuss the establishment of a new emperor. At that time, Liang Ji considered that Liu Zhinian was 15 years old and easy to manipulate, and proposed to establish Emperor Huan; Taiwei Li Gu, Situ Huguang, and Sikong Zhao became the forces that weakened the Liang group, and advocated the establishment of the elderly Qinghe king Liu Lian. So Liang Ji summoned the three dukes, Zhong Erqianshi, and the liehous to discuss the matter together. As a result, Li Gu, Hu Guang, Zhao Jie, and Dahonglu Du Qiao all believed that King Qinghe was "famous for his virtues", and his blood relationship was closest to Emperor Qiandi (the brother of Emperor Qian), so he should be established as his heir. Liang Ji couldn't find any other reason to object, so he had no choice but to announce the suspension of the discussion. The next day, the ministers met again to discuss, and Liang Ji severely forced the ministers to set up Liu Zhi. Those ministers had no choice but to submit under Liang Ji's obscenity, and only Li Gu insisted on his own opinion. In order to eliminate resistance, Liang Ji asked the Empress Dowager Liang to issue an edict to remove Li Gu. In this way, in the leap month Gengyin (146 years), Liang Ji finally held the festival, covered the car with the princes Wang Qing, and welcomed Liu Zhi into the Nangong that was the emperor. In this way, Liu Zhi became the emperor under the manipulation of his cousin Liang, and the Empress Dowager Liang listened to the system, and Liang Ji controlled the government.
Monopoly of imperial powerEmperor Huan reigned for 21 years, and the first 13 years were basically a puppet emperor. At that time, the Empress Dowager Liang was in the court to listen to the system, and Liang Ji controlled the government, and he was almost unable to beak. Although the Empress Dowager Liang had issued an edict to return to power in the first year of peace (150), Liang Ji was domineering, and Emperor Huan had to snort. Emperor Huan was really pro-government in the last eight years of his reign, and in these eight years, many major events occurred, that is, "three major prisons, one except for the internal concubine, and then the foreign ministers". The so-called "three broken prisons" are, one is to destroy Liang Ji, the second is to abolish the Deng family, and the third is to imprison the party; "One division of the inner concubine" is to suppress the eunuchs; "Punish the foreign ministers again" is to kill Nanyang Taishou Cheng Yao and Taiyuan Taishou Liu Zhen. After Liang Ji established Emperor Huan, his power reached its peak. He first asked the Empress Dowager Liang to dismiss the Taiwei Du Qiao with a "catastrophe", and then killed Li Gu and Du Qiao on fabricated charges. In addition, Emperor Huan respected him very much, entrusted him with the power of the court, and even stipulated that he could "enter the court without tending, go to the palace with a sword, praise without a name, and etiquette than Xiao He"; and added its food to four counties, than Deng Yu; Reward money, slaves and maidservants, colored silks, chariots and horses, clothes, armor, and the light of the Ho; He also named his younger brother Liang Budo as Yingyang Hou, Liang Meng as the Marquis of Xijia, Liang Meng's son Liang Yin as Xiangyi Hou, and his wife Sun Shou as Xiangcheng Jun, and gave him Chiqi, which is more abundant than Changgong. In this way, Liang Ji is even more tyrannical and tyrannical. He decides all the major and minor political affairs of the DPRK and China. For the promotion, appointment and dismissal of hundreds of officials, they must first go to his house to thank him before they can go to Shangshutai to go through the formalities; The annual tribute paid by the local counties must first be given to Liangji, and then the inferior will be offered to Emperor Huan. As a result, he "acted in and out of authority, hundreds of bureaucrats looked sideways, did not dare to disobey orders, and the Son of Heaven respected himself and was not allowed to be close." In addition, Liang Ji and his wife Sun Shou were both extremely poor and luxurious, looting wealth, building mansions, cruel and greedy, which aroused great public anger. Emperor Huan also had a grudge against Liang Ji's tyranny, but because his two younger sisters were by his side, he didn't dare to attack. In the second year of Yanxi, the second sister of Liangji, Empress Liang, died, and Emperor Huan began to plan to destroy the Liang family. When he went to the toilet, he called the eunuch Tang Heng alone and asked him who among the eunuchs was at odds with Liang Ji. Tang Heng replied that there were Shan Chao, Zuo Qi, Xu Huang and Gu Ying. Emperor Huan then conspired with the five of them, decided to kill Liang Ji, and used his teeth to bite through Shan Chao's arm and make an alliance with blood. In August, Emperor Huan came to the front hall, that is, summoned Shangshu into the palace and announced that he would punish Liang Ji. He ordered Shangshu to order Yin Xun to guard the palace with the following Cheng Lang, and to receive the festival and send it to the provincial government; ordered Huangmen to order Gu Ying to surround the Liangji residence with more than 1,000 people of the Imperial Forest Army and Zhang Biao, the captain of Sili; Ordered Guangluxun Yuan Xuan to receive the seal of the Liang Ji general, and was named the Marquis of Bijingdu. Liang Ji and Sun Shou committed suicide on the same day, and the Liang and Sun families all abandoned the city. Dozens of other ministers and ministers died because of their involvement, and more than 300 officials and guests were dismissed, and the court officials were almost empty, and the people were all happy. After Emperor Huan destroyed Liang Ji, the eunuchs Shan Chao, Zuo Qi, Xu Huang, Gu Ying, and Tang Heng were named marquis on the same day because of their meritorious work in plotting against Liang Ji, and they were known as the "Five Marquis". Shan Chao is the general of the chariot cavalry, and he is the same as the third duke. Since then, the power has fallen into the hands of the eunuchs. They relied on Emperor Huan and indiscriminately committed adultery, making "Chinese and foreign obedience, holding their breath up and down", and even those who obey me prosper, and those who oppose me die. The arbitrariness of the eunuch five marquis and his relatives was not only opposed by the upright people in the court, but even Emperor Huan began to worry, so he slowly began to restrict the four marquis. Emperor Huan first reused the eunuchs Hou Lan and others to seize their power, and then used their brutality to kill the people to attack them. In the eighth year of Yanxi (165 years), Han Yan, the captain of Sili, said that his brother Nanxiang Hou Zuo said, "Please trust Zhou County, gather for traitors, indulge guests, and violate the people". Emperor Huan immediately allowed the play, and as a result, the Zuo brothers were forced to commit suicide. Han Yan played Gu Gong's brother Gu Gong ** guiltily, and Emperor Heng also ordered the enlistment of court lieutenants. Gu Ai had no choice but to return the seal of the Marquis of Dongwu and apologize to Emperor Huan. Emperor Huan issued an edict to demote him to the marquis of the capital, and later died at home. Then, Emperor Huan issued an edict to Shan Chao, Xu Huang and Tang Heng's raiders, all of whom were demoted to townspeople; Those whose sons and daughters are divided into titles shall be exempted from the title. This is called "one division by the inside". Emperor Huan's suppression of the eunuchs and the five marquis was only to strengthen the imperial power, and he did not want to clear them, so after suppressing them a little, the power was still handed over to them. And the newly reused eunuchs, after coming to power, are also brutal and tyrannical, preying on the people. Zhongchang waited for the greed and luxury, and before and after forcibly seized 118 hectares of private land, 318 residences, and imitated the palace to build large-scale residential 16 districts, all of which have pavilions, ponds, and gardens. On the other hand, due to the dictatorship of eunuchs, their minions were planted in ** and local institutions at all levels, and the situation of false elections was even more serious.
Sell the official beardDuring the reign of Emperor Huan, there was also a malpractice of selling official beards. At that time, due to the extravagance and decay of the ruling class, the state finances were basically depleted. Under such circumstances, on the one hand, Emperor Huan adopted the method of increasing taxes on the peasants to solve the financial difficulties, such as the eighth year of Yanxi, which ordered the county state-owned landers to pay 10 yuan as a tax for each city; On the other hand, some emergency measures were also taken, mainly to reduce the borrowing of hundreds of officials, to borrow taxes from the king and the marquis, and to sell official titles. Emperor Huan's betrayal of the official mantle was implemented from the fourth year of Yanxi (161). In order to reduce the financial expenditure of the state treasury, Emperor Huan issued an edict to reduce the payment of Gong 9, that is, the hundred officials' salaries, and borrowed half of the rent and tax of the king and marquis, and at the same time ordered to sell the officials such as the Guannei Hou, Hu Benlang, Yulin Lang, Tiqi Battalion and the Five Doctors at different prices. Emperor Huan's maladministration of selling officials and lords had a very bad impact on the time, not only became a legal behavior, which directly undermined the rule of officials, but also increased the burden on the people due to the looting of filthy officials, and set a precedent for Emperor Ling's larger-scale sale of officials. Due to the eunuchs' government, selling officials and other malpractices, Emperor Huan's government was extremely bad. In order to maintain the Eastern Han Dynasty and also for their own political outlets, some upright officials and some Tai students and county scholars united to launch the "Qing Discussion". They discussed the *** character and lashed out at the eunuch group on the ***. At the same time, some of the more enlightened officials, within their own authority, also tried their best to crack down on the power of eunuchs. The scourge of the partyThen, Emperor Huan took a bigger step and launched the "Party Rebellion" incident to suppress the direct ministers who attacked the eunuchs. At that time, Li Ying, a native of Xiangcheng (present-day Henan City), was the leader of the struggle against the eunuch clique. When he was the Yin of Henan, he was imprisoned for fighting the eunuchs, and the captain of Sili should present a letter to intercede for him, and he was pardoned, and later became the captain of Sili. The younger brother of the eunuch Zhang Rang, Ren Ye Wang Ling, was greedy and cruel, killed a pregnant woman, and hid in Zhang Rang's house in fear of crime. After Li Ying found out, he immediately led his officials to Zhang Rang's house to search for and execute him. Because of this, many eunuchs were afraid of Li Ying and did not dare to go out of the palace gate when they were on vacation. Li Ying dared to attack the eunuchs in power, and his reputation became higher and higher, and the scholars could be received by him, which was considered a great honor, and he was called "Denglongmen", and he and the Taiwei Chen Fan and Nanyang Taishou Wang Chang were all respected by the scholar class. The anti-eunuch struggle led by Li Ying angered the ruling group of eunuchs. In the ninth year of Yanxi, the eunuchs sent people to falsely accuse Li Ying and others of handing over to the Tai students and the students of the capital to "be a party of the ministry, slander the imperial court, and suspect customs". Emperor Huan was furious, so he ordered the whole country to arrest "party members" and arrest more than 200 people including Li Ying and Chen Shi. Some party members fled, and Emperor Huan offered money to buy rewards. For a time, the envoys came out in all directions, looking at each other, and the struggle against the eunuchs suffered a serious setback. In the second year, at the request of Dou Wu and others, Emperor Huan forgave the "party members" a little and issued an edict to pardon them back to the fields, but stipulated that they were all imprisoned for life and were not allowed to be officials. This is the famous "party leader" during Emperor Huan's time.
Empress SanliEmperor Huan not only changed the yuan a lot, but also had many palace maids, and even the queen also set up three. Emperor Huan's life was quite decaying, and there were as many as 10,000 palace maids in the harem, although he had accepted the suggestion of Guangluxun Chen Fan and released more than 500 palace maids, but this was still far less than the number of palace maids left. He reigned for 21 years, and there were more than a dozen nobles and countless talented women. And in addition to many concubines, he also canonized 3 queens successively: one is Queen Liang, one is Queen Deng, and the other is Queen Dou. Empress Liang is named Ying, is the sister of the Empress Dowager Liang, Emperor Huan was the Marquis of Liwu at the beginning, and the Empress Dowager conquered Emperor Huan to Luoyang, preparing to marry her to Emperor Huan. Before getting married, Emperor Huan was made emperor by Liang Jice. In the second year, that is, the first year of Jianhe (147), the relevant departments played the Empress Dowager Liang and said: There should be a ritual seal, and the lottery should be paid according to the time specified in the wedding. So according to the specifications of Emperor Hui when he married Empress Zhang, he hired ** 20,000 catties, and the other bride price is still the same. In this way, Liang Ying entered the palace in June and became queen in August. After Empress Liang was established, Emperor Huan favored her very much because of her sister's listening system and her brother's dictatorship. In March of the first year of peace (150), Empress Dowager Liang died of illness, and Emperor Huan's attitude towards her began to change. Although Empress Liang was favored by Emperor Huan for several years, she has never been childless, and Emperor Huan slowly distanced herself from her. This made her secretly resentful of Emperor Huan's concubines, and all those who were pregnant tried to get them to have abortions. Because Emperor Huan was afraid of Liang Ji, he did not dare to condemn Empress Liang for the time being, but he was even more estranged from her and rarely fell in love with her again. In the second year of Yanxi (159), Empress Liang finally died of illness due to grief, and was buried in Yiling after her death, and was called "Queen Yixian". In the same year, Emperor Huan destroyed Liang Ji, and then issued an edict to abolish Yiling as a noble tomb. Empress Deng's name is Meng's daughter, and she is the daughter of Deng Xiang, the nephew of Empress Deng Sui. His mother's name was Xuan, who first married Langzhong Deng Xiang and gave birth to Queen Deng, and then remarried Liang Ji, the uncle of Liang Ji's wife Sun Shou, because of her husband's early death and Deng's suffering. Empress Deng changed her surname to Liang because she lived with her mother when she was a child. When she grew up, Sun Shou saw her beautiful appearance and sent her to the palace during the Yongxing period (153 154). At that time, she was a woman, and she was "extremely lucky" by Emperor Huan. Therefore, in the second year, Emperor Huan named her brother Deng Yan as the Marquis of Nanton. After Deng Yan's death, his son Deng Kang was the heir. After Empress Liang died of illness, Emperor Huan killed Liang Ji and became the queen. At that time, Emperor Huan was disgusted with the Liang family, so he changed her surname to Bo and named her mother Chang'anjun. Later, in the fourth year of Yanxi (161), some people pointed out that Empress Deng was originally Deng Xiang's daughter and should not change his surname, and Emperor Huan asked her to change her surname to Deng again, and posthumously awarded Deng Xiang the general of the chariot and the Marquis of Anyang, and also sealed Xuan and Kangda County, and rewarded him with a huge amount of money. Soon, his mother died, Emperor Huan gave special treatment, and the funerals were held according to the specifications of the queen's mother, and Deng Kang's brother Deng Tong was named the Marquis of Kunyang, Deng Tong's brother Deng Hui was named the Marquis of Zongyang, and Deng Tong's younger brother Deng Bing was the Marquis of Qingyang, and other Deng clans were also ranked as captains and generals. Since Empress Deng had no children, Emperor Huan's favor for her did not last long. Later, Emperor Huan favored Guo Guiren, and Empress Deng was arrogant and jealous, and told each other in front of Emperor Huan. This made Emperor Huan very dissatisfied with Empress Deng, and in the eighth year of Yanxi (165), he issued an edict to depose him and send him to the riot room for control. Empress Deng died of grief and became empress for 7 years, and was buried in Beibi Mountain (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan), and her brother was also sanctioned. Empress Dou's name is Miao, she is the granddaughter of Empress Zhangde's ancestor, and her father is Dou Wu. In the eighth year of Yanxi, Emperor Huan abolished Empress Deng, and Empress Dou was elected to the palace and established as a nobleman. At that time, Emperor Huan was particularly fond of Tian Sheng, a female picker, and wanted to establish Tian Sheng as the queen, but the courtiers strongly opposed Tian Sheng's humble background. Emperor Huan had no choice but to set up Dou Miao as the queen, and named Dou Wu as the Marquis of Huaili, Tejin, and the captain of the city gate. But despite this, Emperor Huan was still not very fond of Empress Dou, and he loved Tian Sheng and other daughters. In the first year of Yongkang (167), Emperor Huan was seriously ill, and the nine daughters such as Tian Sheng were all nobles. Because of Emperor Huan's affection, Empress Dou has always been angry with Tian Sheng and others. Emperor Huan died, and Empress Dou was called the empress dowager, that is, she made a policy with her father Dou Wu to make a decision, and set up Liu Hong, the marquis of the Pavilion of Jie, who was the Emperor Ling. After listening to the system, Empress Dowager Dou immediately attacked, Emperor Huan's coffin was still in the front hall, so she sent someone to kill Tian Sheng, and also wanted to kill all the other nobles of Emperor Huan. Under the bitter advice of Zhongchang Guan Ba and Su Kang, he gave up. Soon, Dou Wu and Chen Fan and others conspired to punish the eunuch Shi Lu, and Cao Jie, the chief servant, killed Dou Wu, that is, moved the empress dowager to Nangong Yuntai, and her family moved to Bijing (now southern Vietnam). Emperor Ling remembered that the Empress Dowager had supported herself and took better care of the Empress Dowager Dou. On the first day of October in the fourth year of Jianning (171), he led his ministers to meet the Queen Mother and personally toasted her. Later, he followed the advice of Dong Meng, the commander of the Yellow Gate, and increased the support of the Queen Mother. But the queen mother was sad and indignant, and in the first year of Xiping (172), she finally died of sadness because her mother died in Bijing. After his death, he was buried with Emperor Huan in Xuanling, and was called "Queen Huansi". Emperor Huan had no sons and had three daughters. The eldest daughter, Liu Hua, was named the eldest princess of Yang'an in the first year of Yanxi (158), and she couldn't marry the general Hou Fuguo; the second daughter, Liu Jian, was named the eldest princess of Yingyang in the seventh year of Yanxi; The youngest daughter, Liu Xiu, was named the eldest princess of Yangzhai in the ninth year of Yanxi. Passed awayOn December 28, the first year of Yongkang (167), Emperor Huan of Han died in the front hall of Deyang at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve. [4] On February 13 of the first year of Jianning (168), he was buried in Xuanling, and was called Emperor Xiaohuan, and the temple name was Weizong. 
It's good to do it yourselfAlthough Emperor Huan is Liang Ji's brother-in-law (Emperor Huan officially married Liang Nuying after ascending the throne and became the queen), Liang Ji certainly would not behave deferentially to Emperor Huan because of this. Because of his meritorious service, Liang Ji during the Huan Emperor period received more rewards and greater power, and even the Empress Dowager Liang was unable to restrain him. It's no wonder that Liang Shang can't handle his son with such great ability, how can Empress Dowager Liang be able to settle her brother? Therefore, all the power in the world belongs to Liang Ji, and what the Empress Dowager Liang can control, except for the emperor's brother-in-law, is a group of eunuchs. Therefore, the power of eunuchs in this period was greater than before, and they became the only ** used to restrain Liang Ji. In the first year of peace (150 years), the Empress Dowager Liang finally came to the end of her life, and when she was dying, she issued an edict to return to Emperor Huan, and hoped that Emperor Huan and Liang Ji could "do it themselves". This "good self-doing" is obviously biased towards the Liang family and unfair to Emperor Huan. At this time, the Liang family has successively produced seven marquis, three queens (one posthumously crowned), six nobles, two generals, seven wives and female feudal monarchs, three concubines, and as for the number of kings, generals, Yin, and schools, there are as many as five people and seven people. It is really the power of the government and the opposition, and the wealth is full. As long as the Liang family does not harm others, there is no problem at all for the Liang family itself to "do it for itself". Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty wanted to "do his own thing" in such an environment, and there were only two ways out: one was to "cooperate" with Liang Ji and be a good puppet of Liang Ji, just like those emperors in the Japanese shogunate era; The second is to eliminate Liang Ji and regain power. Of course, Emperor Huan wanted to choose a second way out, but this road was so difficult to walk that it was difficult to find even a helper. Although Emperor Huan has been "pro-government", since the murder of Li Gu and Du Qiao, Liang Ji has used brutal means to attack political opponents and eliminate dissidents, and almost all of the people in the court are Liang Ji's people. Of course, Emperor Huan can also rely on the eunuchs that Empress Dowager Liang once relied on during her lifetime - the third-party political force that played a key role in the recapture of power by Emperor He and Emperor Shun in history. But Liang Ji also knew the importance of eunuchs, and he only supported Liu Zhi as emperor after unifying his thoughts with eunuchs. Therefore, many important eunuchs in the palace, even if they are not in the same party as Liang Ji, at least they do not oppose Liang Ji. Even many of them helped Liang Ji monitor Emperor Huan's every move. Emperor Huan is not only very difficult to find collaborators, but also difficult to find a place to plan with his subordinates. So Emperor Huan decided to endure it, no matter what, Liang Ji had no intention of abolishing or even killing him. Until one day, Liang Ji did something that Emperor Huan could no longer tolerate, forcing Emperor Huan to take a risk and choose the second "way out". 
February** Dynamic Incentive Program