Lenin was assassinated, and the discovery of the bullet was terrifying
The plot of the film "Lenin in 1918" is impressive, in which the woman who shoots Lenin is the Socialist-revolutionary Kaplan. However, is this really the case?
Historical data shows that Kaplan had a serious eye disease and daily vision difficulties, so how was she able to accurately ambush and shoot Lenin several times in the middle of the crowd?
Even more striking is the thrilling remnants found in the bullet that killed Lenin.
Lenin was born in 1870 in the city of Simbirsk, and his parents had a profound cultural background, which gave Lenin and his siblings an excellent education. They swam in the ocean of knowledge, possessed excellent moral character and upbringing, and gradually accepted advanced revolutionary ideas.
In 1887, Lenin's brother was sentenced to death for assassinating the Tsar, and the grief of losing his loved ones and his disgust with the turmoil** were buried deep in Lenin's heart like a seed.
As the years passed, Lenin gradually embraced Marxism, and a new idea of socialism took root in his heart, which eventually became his lifelong conviction.
In 1895, Lenin was regarded as a thorn in the side of the tsarist rulers because of his active participation in the socialist movement, and was finally imprisoned for informing the traitor. During his time in prison, Lenin was constantly thinking about the future and fate, and in 1897, after Lenin was released from prison, he was exiled to Siberia, where he never gave up his in-depth study of Marxism despite adversity.
During these three years of exile in Siberia, the name "Lenin" has become an influential theoretician.
Lenin was convinced that it was only through armed violence that the rule of the tsars could be overthrown and a Soviet republic could be established. Years of waiting finally came true in the February Revolution of 1917.
The establishment of a temporary Soviet regime by the revolutionaries undoubtedly provided Lenin with an unprecedented opportunity. In November of the same year, when heavy snow fell, Lenin secretly went to the Smolny Palace, which was the general headquarters of the armed uprising.
Under his personal command and leadership, more than 200,000 rebel soldiers occupied a strategic point in Petrograd in the shortest possible time.
At about 9 o'clock in the evening, the long-standing insurrectionary forces launched a final decisive battle, which lasted until dawn, and the Tsar's provisional ** members were all **, and the armed uprising in Petrograd was victorious with astonishing speed.
This historical event is known as the "October Revolution". After the establishment of Soviet Russia, the situation at home and abroad was unstable, and it was faced with serious internal and external troubles. After careful consideration, in 1918, Soviet Russia decided to withdraw from the First World War.
The decision to withdraw from the First World War, although it saved Soviet Russia from external threats, exacerbated domestic contradictions and provoked strong discontent among nationalists.
In order to uphold the victorious gains of the October Revolution, Lenin insisted on going down to the grassroots to give speeches. At that time, the Soviet power, which had been established with great difficulty in various places, was overthrown by the joint efforts of foreign armed forces and domestic counter-revolutionary forces, and returned to the Tsarist era.
The war is raging, the resistance is continuous, and the people are exhausted. Lenin gazed at the faces of the audience and shouted to the crowd: "Let them go to Siberia, Ukraine, Volga and other places for themselves, and feel the war and resistance there, and then they will understand their choice." ”
On August 30, 1918, a blackout in Petrograd plunged the Mikherson factory into darkness, but many workers were still waiting for Lenin's arrival.
Against the background of Uritsky's assassination, Lenin, who was not overly guarded, entered the rally site of the Mikhelson plant alone. This behavior is undoubtedly a challenge to the safety of Lenin's life, and it is also a question of security measures.
However, on this dark night, Lenin remained steadfast on his revolutionary path, and his courage and determination set an example for future generations.
After Lenin's figure disappeared from the factory gate, his driver silently stopped the car and parked 10 meters from the entrance to the workshop. There, he could clearly hear the bursts of applause and cheers that rang out in the venue.
While waiting for Lenin, a woman with a leather bag walked up to the car and asked Lenin's driver: "Is it Comrade Lenin who came in front?" Lenin's driver could not see her face clearly because of the blackout, but instead of answering directly, he said vaguely: "I can't be sure." ”
Hearing this, the woman smiled and said, "You're the driver, don't you know who you're pulling?" However, Lenin's driver still did not say Lenin's name, and the woman found it bored, so she left the driver and walked into the venue where Lenin was speaking.
Although a small episode did not attract the attention of the driver, more than an hour later, the workers pouring out of the venue made the driver understand that Lenin's speech was over.
The driver started the car in advance and was ready to leave at any time. A few minutes later, Lenin appeared in the crowd, surrounded by several workers, which made his pace seem a little sluggish.
As he walked, he patiently answered the workers' questions. However, just as he was still a few steps away from the car, a sudden gunshot rang out in the crowd.
The driver was so frightened that he immediately stopped the car to look for the source of the sound, only to see the woman who had asked him not long ago standing under a pine tree in front of the fender of the car, holding a black pistol in her hand, aimed at Lenin.
Two more gunshots rang out, and in the hazy darkness of the night, Lenin slowly fell to the ground. After a brief and suffocating silence, the frightened workers screamed, and the driver saw the woman who fired the shot throw away the pistol and run out of the gate.
This woman was identified as the assassin of Lenin, Fanny Kaplan.
Fanny Kaplan, a blind girl born into a wealthy Jewish family in Ukraine, received a good education from an early age. However, at the age of 15, she eloped and joined a non-a** organization.
After being **, Kaplan began to plan various terrorist activities. In 1905, when the ** revolution broke out, Kaplan assumed the pseudonym "Dora" and tried to assassinate the Kiev administrator, but unfortunately, her actions were unsuccessful.
After an assassination attempt, she was arrested, while her lover was able to escape.
She faced the death penalty for a failed assassination attempt, which was later commuted to hard labor for life. The fall of the Tsar's rule led to her release from prison at the age of 27. The following year, a shocking assassination occurred, and Kaplan was identified as **, but she did not seem to dispute this.
According to Russian reports of the year, when the shooting took place, she calmly stood in place, did not run away and did not cover up. The worker yelled "Hold her, don't let her run", and she just bent down to straighten her shoes and squinted like a highly myopic person.
After the identification of the workers, it was confirmed that Kaplan was the suspect who shot Lenin, so she **. This scene from the film "Lenin in 1918" was modified in the context of actual historical events.
According to Komsomolskaya Pravda, this was not the case at that time. After Lenin finished his speech, it was close to eleven o'clock, and he was walking down the street, when night fell and the crowd was noisy, so that the sound of gunfire might not be easily heard.
When Comrade Lenin suffered the fall of **, the panicked crowd fled in all directions. In the midst of the chaos, there was one man with a discerning eye, and he was Baturin, assistant to the political commissar of the Soviet infantry.
When Baturin found Lenin on the ground, his eyes immediately fixed on the woman standing alone under a tree not far away. The woman was dressed in shabby clothes, holding a tattered leather bag, and she was under an umbrella.
Baturin quickly stepped forward and conducted a full-body search of the woman. To his surprise, the woman did not resist and did not have any suspicious objects. Baturin asked her: "Did you shoot Comrade Lenin?"
Why? The woman's face was expressionless, her eyes were hollow, and she just looked fixedly at the place where Lenin had fallen. Kaplan was put in a cell the next day. Interrogation records show that she had only two responses to all questions: "I don't remember" and "I don't want to say."
She did not reveal any details of Lenin's assassination, the only thing she admitted was that she did shoot Lenin.
Without following any judicial process, she was sentenced to death in just three days. Inside the Kremlin, on September 3, 1918, she was executed, and the candle of her life was extinguished.
When Kaplan died, her body was left unattended and reduced to ashes by gasoline-doused oil drums. In such a short period of time, the period from arrest to execution felt sloppy, especially as the real charges against her remained controversial.
The fact that she was almost blind in the history books adds a glimmer of hope to her innocence.
During the assassination of the Kiev administrator that year, Kaplan's eyes and ears were damaged, and her eyesight and hearing deteriorated severely. Still, there are many doubts about the matter.
On the one hand, how could a blind man find and kill Lenin with precision in a dense crowd? On the other hand, why would a woman who has just been released from prison be put on such a high-risk mission?
Despite these suspicions, in the Lenin Memorial Hall on the site of the Mikherson plant in Moscow, materials and ** of Kaplan's interrogation are preserved.
As can be seen from the **, the distance between Kaplan and Lenin is not far, and it can even be said that it is quite close. Investigators believe that even if Kaplan was really blind, she should have been able to shoot Lenin with a gun.
Although the historical truth may never be fully revealed, these preserved materials and ** provide some valuable clues for the study of this event.
Whatever the truth, Kaplan's death has made the truth irrelevant. Because after her, all Soviet textbooks and films "Lenin in 1918" branded Kaplan's name as a woman who tried to assassinate Lenin, a brand that could not be erased.
The bullets were heart-wrenching, but fortunately Lenin escaped. According to the official injury report, Lenin was shot twice, one bullet in his left arm, causing a fracture; Another bullet slanted into the chest cavity from under the left shoulder blade and penetrated deep into the neck of the right clavicle, just a millimeter or two from the carotid artery.
On Lenin's 52nd birthday, the Kremlin was in solemnity and did not hold any ceremonies. In Lenin's bedroom, doctors and security personnel came and went, with serious expressions on their faces.
Although the removal of the bullet could pose a risk, the doctors decided to keep the bullet in Lenin's body, which was considered the best practice under the medical conditions of the time.
However, Lenin did not wait for the day when the bullet was removed, and he died on April 22, 1922, at the age of 52.
A secret surgical operation was carried out in the Kremlin, and their goal was to remove a bullet that had penetrated deep into Lenin's body in 1918. The chief surgeon of the operation was the famous German doctor Borhardt, who carefully removed a bullet from Lenin's clavicle, near the carotid artery, which had been dusted for four years.
This is the bullet left behind by Kaplan after the assassination of Lenin. Originally, Lenin and his doctors decided to keep the bullet, but as time went on, Lenin's physical condition deteriorated, he began to suffer from insomnia, headaches and numbness in his hands and feet became frequent, and sometimes even a brief speech disorder.
Lenin's life was so troubled by this series of after-effects that they decided to take the risk of removing the bullets. When this bullet appeared, it was surprising. According to the biographer P. Kryzhentsev, "the bullet taken from the body of Comrade Lenin was engraved with a peculiar pattern, and the bullet was filled with extremely domineering poison. ”
The fact that such a highly poisonous bullet remained in Lenin's body undoubtedly posed a threat to his life. In the four years following the Kaplan assassination, Lenin devoted himself wholeheartedly to the revolutionary work, and under the intense intensity of the work, he began to feel powerless, he knew that his physical condition was deteriorating, and he still had a bullet in his body that had been sealed in the dust for four years, which made him suffer inhuman pain all the time.
In 1922, doctors succeeded in removing the bullet from Lenin's body, and initially his physical condition improved, but a month later he was paralyzed on one side of his body due to cerebral arteriosclerosis.
After that, he experienced three strokes and his physical condition was capricious, but he always kept working and would not give up as long as he could still talk and walk. However, in 1923, Lenin's condition deteriorated again, and he could no longer rely on his mental strength, and even writing and dictating became difficult.
Although his body was already dying of pain, he still had hope that his condition would improve. On January 21, 1924, Lenin's condition suddenly worsened, and he was lying in bed, breathless and pale.
Soon after, he lost consciousness.
At 6:50 p.m., the great man Lenin closed his eyes peacefully and fell asleep forever. Those who were expecting him did not expect such grief.
The culprit that caused Lenin's health to deteriorate may have been the bullet that had been dormant in Lenin's body for four years. This highly poisonous bullet silently lurked in his body, gradually releasing deadly poison.
The toxicity continued to erode his health, shorten his lifespan, and eventually lead to the end of his life. The day after Lenin's death, doctors performed a meticulous dissection of his remains.
They were shocked by the results of the autopsy: Lenin's cerebral blood vessels had hardened to the point of calcification, and striking them with metal tweezers was like hitting them on a hard stone.
The hardening of the walls of the blood vessels prevents even a thin hair from passing through. Faced with such a situation, every doctor had a heavy expression on his face, and they could not imagine how Lenin could serve the country and the people wholeheartedly under such a broken body.
On January 23, 1924, thousands of Soviet citizens braved the thick snow and the biting cold wind to gather at the Moscow railway station.
As they waited anxiously, they saw a train slowly approaching the platform, and soldiers were seen carefully carrying a pair of coffins off the carriages, and they followed them closely to form a huge funeral procession.
Lenin's death made winter Moscow feel even more silent. The coffin of the 54-year-old leader of the world proletarian revolution passed by some people solemnly and respectfully, while others burst into tears.
In his honor, the Soviet Union renamed Petrograd, where he once fought, Leningrad, and erected a statue of him on Red Square in Moscow. Lenin's body was embalmed and placed in a crystal coffin.
However, the great man died untimely due to a bullet with deadly poison, which is regrettable.
Explore the famous ** cases in Chinese and foreign history, reveal the death code, and the fascinating ** documentary is all in the book "The Death Code". This book was edited by Zhang Xiufeng and You Di, and published by the "Archives" column group of Shanghai TV Documentary Channel in 1993, edited by Yan Kai and edited by Duo Jie.