Shame Incident: Historical evaluation and analysis of the degree of shame of Jingkang in the late Northern Song Dynasty
In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin soldiers went south, invaded Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, captured Song Huizong, Song Qinzong's father and son, and a large number of princes and nobles, concubines and craftsmen, and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty"Jingkang's change"。For this earth-shattering humiliation, Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold general in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Man Jianghong-Angry Hair Rushing to the Crown"."Jing Kang is ashamed, and there has been no snow so far. When will the hatred of the subjects be extinguished? "Yue Fei wrote in "Man Jianghong"."Jing Kang is ashamed, and there has been no snow so far. Jingkang's shame, how shameful is it?
When the Jin soldiers went south to besiege Kaifeng for the second time, they dug into the palace to seek peace.
In August of the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), Huizong used the Zhang Jue incident as an excuse to attack Jinzhou of the Song Dynasty, and besieged Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, by the Yellow River early the following year. Despite the resistance of the Bianjing general Li Gang, he was unable to break through Bianjing, but only forced the Song dynasty to pay a large amount of gold and silver treasures to Zhao Jiu, the king of Kang, and took the prime minister Zhang Bangchang as a hostage, and also released the three cities of Taiyuan, Zhongshan, and Hotian.
However, the Northern Song court did not expect that the peace that had been achieved at such a high cost would not last long. In August of the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin soldiers marched south again, crossed the Yellow River, and approached the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. At such a critical moment, Sun Bofu, the secretary of the military department and the right man of the Privy Council, was unexpectedly found"God-man"Guo Jing handed over this important task to him.
Guo Jing claimed to know the Liujia Law and was able to repel the Jing army with 777 people. He captured two generals, such a joke made the court ecstatic, and immediately named him Cheng Zhonglang General, rewarded a large amount of gold and silver to recruit troops and horses, and Guo Jing did not choose strong men to recruit soldiers, only selected six six-class soldiers with the same eight characters. The result can be imagined, in November of the same year, the Jin soldiers invaded the outer city of Kaifeng.
After the Jin soldiers entered the outer city, they stopped the attack and let the Northern Song Dynasty come to negotiate peace. Song Qinzong quickly sent Prime Minister He Li and Qi King Zhao Ji to the Jin army camp to sue for peace, but the Jin army made it conditional that Emperor Zhao Ji must go to negotiate, and Song Qinzong had to go in person. As a result, under the threat of the Jin soldiers, in order to curry favor with the Jin people, Song Qinzong wrote the dismount table and revised it many times, and under the pressure of the Jin people, he was able to return to the palace to complete the surrender ceremony.
However, this time he tasted the sweetness of gold, and was no longer at the mercy of the Northern Song Dynasty"10 million spindles, 20 million spindles, 10 million silk horses"of huge indemnities. Although the economy of the Northern Song Dynasty is very developed, although this number is exaggerated, as long as you hurry up and upgrade, it is also a way out, but now that the Jin soldiers are in the city, how can the only wealth in Bianjing be obtained.
Therefore, when the Northern Song court was unable to raise enough reparations, it turned to popular action. Song Qinzong directly issued an edict, requiring all residents of the town, regardless of whether they were high or low, to collect as much gold and silver treasures as possible from their homes to meet the requirements of the Jin people.
The Person court ordered people to meet Kim Jong-il's demand for compensation.
The Northern Song Dynasty court plundered gold and silver, the Jin Kingdom asked for mules and horses, and the Kaifeng horses were empty; Jin Guo asked for 1,500 girls, Song Qinzong did not dare to slack off, even his concubines were not mentally prepared, and the number of girls who were insulted was large, resulting in many deaths.
However, although the Song court searched a lot, it was still difficult to meet the demand for compensation, so the Jin people asked Song Qinzong to negotiate, but Song Qinzong did not dare to disobey, and was detained by the Jin people. Not to mention that Song Qinzong suffered a lot of torture in Jinying, and when the imperial court heard that the emperor was detained, it also stepped up the search and arrest, not only directly looting the houses, but also letting the people of the five major families read the newspaper and protect each other. Despite this, the situation of gold and silver is still very bad, for example, Mei Zhili, the culprit who robbed the gold and silver of the four ministers, was also executed by the Jinren, and the other ** were punished by the army, and the people had to be killed by the army, and there was a chaotic and depressed scene in Kaifeng City.
By the second half of the first month, Kaifeng Prefecture had only gathered 160,000 20,000 pieces of clothing and satin, which was far from the amount required by the Jin people. As a result, the Jin people asked the Song Dynasty to do another gold and silver business, and all kinds of books and periodicals that sacrificed to the heavens and the Son of Heaven, from Dacheng musical instruments to costumes and props used in a hundred operas, and even the Jin people who spread rumors and rebelled, as well as the Ji family and Mrs. Wang1 who clearly marked the price, were all plundered. 000 taels**, clan gold 500 taels**, Zongwu silver 500 taels**, Ji family gold 200 taels**, Genghis Khan's clan daughter 200 taels**, Genghis Khan's noble daughter**100 taels**, including the medicine department, musicians and various craftsmen.
Some **, even shameless, do this dirty work very hard, such as the Ministry of Rites Shangshu Wang Shichong, known as it"Jin Gong", the most plundered women; Xu Bingzhe, the prefect of Kaifeng, was even assigned by a local tyrant for this, and some people proved that he was disguised by a woman covered in oil and dust, and took the whole carriage to Jinying.
Many people, including Emperor Huiqin, were taken prisoner, and many women died of humiliation.
Although the ministers of the Song Dynasty obeyed their words, the Jin people never gave up. Finally, on the sixth day of the second month of the second year of Jingkang (1127), Song Qinzong was dismissed as a concubine, and the next day, Song Huizong and others were forced to flee to Jinying, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and the Jin people accepted Zhang Bangchang as an enemy and established a puppet Chu regime.
Later, the commander of the Jin army learned that Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, was actively stationing troops in Hebei, and realized that Kaifeng had been repeatedly attacked and could not replenish the troops needed by the Jin, so he began to prepare to retreat. In the process of retreating, the Jin people burned countless houses on the outskirts of Kaifeng, until the arson and robbery were discharged, and the soldiers were divided into two routes, respectively, Huizong, Qinzong, Emperor Zheng, Emperor Zhu, the prince, the emperor's grandson, and an additional team of horses to fight side by side, princesses, concubines, and a large number of ceremonial articles, antique cultural relics, inscriptions and books, people in the palace, administrators, lawyers, craftsmen, etc., began to return, and the people of the people began to return.10 No less than 10 million captives, both men and women. No less than 10 million men and women were taken captive, and the treasury of the Northern Song Dynasty was empty! The treasury of the Northern Song Dynasty was empty.
It can be said that these princes, nobles and ordinary people who were captured by the Jin people have been subjected to all kinds of ** by the Jin people, especially women are more unlucky, such as Zhu Lian, the queen of Song Qinzong, who was constantly harassed by the Jin people along the way, and after arriving in Huining, he was unbearable, and finally committed suicide at the age of 26. Another example is Zhao Fujin, the daughter of Song Huizong. According to the record of "The Remains of the Qing Palace", only in"Jingkang's change"The Jin captured 34 of Song Huizong's daughters and brutally murdered 21 of them.
According to the "Records of the Southern Expedition":"The Song woman entered the court in her own clothes, and the prince took the opportunity to urge the prisoners. He brought 300 people to the courtyard, Wu Zetian was defeated and injured, and built a palace of more than 10 people with bricks. "What is said here"Raincoat Yard", is not a place where the royal family of Jin State washes clothes, but a brothel in the army of Jin State.
In the second year of Jianyan (1128), the captives of the Northern Song Dynasty came to the Jin State, and Jin Taizong organized a sheep herding ceremony, which was attended by more than 1,300 people, in addition to the Northern Song Dynasty captives Huizong, Qinzong and his son, there were also queens, emperors, sons of heaven, imperial concubines, princesses, etc. These people were next to the emperor and the empress, the queen was stripped of her clothes and put on a sheepskin coat, and the others were naked**, with a noose around their necks, leading people like sheep.
He was later known as Huizong of the Song Dynasty"Weak Virtue Gong"and Song Qinzong's"Difficult to defeat"。After nine years of captivity, Huizong of Song died of illness in Wu Guocheng in April 1135 at the age of 54; After nine years of captivity, Song Qinzong died in Wu Guocheng in April 1156 at the age of 54. In 1156, Chin Zong fell from his horse and died at the age of 57 in a polygamous race.
Jingkang's change"**The above tragic situation can be said that in many failed countries in history, the first king is not so unbearable, but such a tragic and humiliating one like the Northern Song Dynasty is just an example.