The Kuomintang army was once the biggest opponent of our party and our army, and it was also the defeated general of our army during the War of Liberation. Today, the remnants of the Kuomintang still exist, but they can only survive on the tiny island of Taiwan.
The reason why our party was able to defeat the Kuomintang army, which was much stronger than us on paper, was because of the strong combat effectiveness of every officer and soldier of our party. However, when it comes to the reasons for the strong fighting power of our party's soldiers, many people also know what it is, but they don't know why.
When we asked this question, most of the people answered that some of our party soldiers had the support of the broad masses of the people, and that our party soldiers knew what they were fighting for. Of course, these factors are important, but they don't get to the point.
The main reason for the high combat effectiveness of our party's soldiers is that officers and men are treated the same, and everyone eats and drinks the same. Although there is no military salary, they all have allowances that can be paid in their hands, and everyone has an equal status. Therefore, the fighters are willing to spontaneously support our party and our army.
However, the situation in the Kuomintang army was the opposite, and the soldiers' salaries were often severely deducted. The treatment of officers is just the opposite, not only with much higher military salaries, but also with "gray income" that deducts soldiers.
So in the Kuomintang army, what is the difference between the income of officers and soldiers?
If we want to clarify this issue, we must first understand the complex military system of the ** periodAt the same time, it is also necessary to have a basic understanding of the most complex warlord forces.
During the ** period, the salaries of both officers and soldiers were different from place to place. Because although China was nominally under the management of a "national **", it wasBut the actual control of the localities is in the hands of the local warlords.
When Sun Yat-sen, the "father of the nation" of China, was established, the people did not have an army in their hands. When Sun Yat-sen launched the revolution, he mainly relied on the way of launching a new army uprising in southern China to overthrow the Qing Dynasty。And the generals of these new armies formed the earliest warlords in southern China.
It was not until before the Northern Expedition that Sun Yat-sen began to be in Guangdong Province, based on the Guangdong Guangdong Army, trying to build the first batch of military forces directly under the Nationals. But soon after, Sun Yat-sen died, and Chiang Kai-shek took over the reins.
At this time, the early National Revolutionary Army, which was based on the officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, became Chiang Kai-shek's descendantsThe Whampoa faction was also the group that Chiang Kai-shek trusted the most.
After the completion of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek launched the so-called "412**" after which the Kuomintang ** controlled the grassrootsNeither the army nor the **, but the local landlords.
In the countryside and small county towns, law and order are often maintained by forces such as "vigilante groups", "security regiments" and "security forces". The salaries of these nominal "soldiers" were not themselves the responsibility of Chiang Kai-shek's "**." It is the landlords and old wealth in these places who are responsible for themselves, and whether they are in arrears or not and the specific situation of their income depend on the mood and character of the landlords.
In addition, in China at that time, except for the southeastern part of China controlled by Chiang Kai-shek, all other provinces had their own "homegrown" armed forcesFor example, the Feng warlords in the three eastern provinces, the Jin Sui army in Shanxi, the Northwest Army in Shaanxi, the Sichuan army in Sichuan, the Gui army in Guangxi, and so on.
Nominally, Chiang Kai-shek was the supreme commander of these armies, but in reality the command was in the hands of the warlords everywhere. Theoretically, Chiang Kai-shek was obliged to pay these warlord troops. But in fact, the Kuomintang ** has a very serious deduction for the salaries of these warlord troops.
In theory, if one-tenth of the military salary can reach the place, it is already burning high incense. Therefore, the salaries of these warlords' troops are mainly the responsibility of the local warlords themselves. Therefore, the salaries of the warlord troops in various localities were also determined according to the financial situation of the provinces.
Fengjun's military salary was relatively good in the ** period. Generally speaking, in peacetime, the income of an ordinary soldier serving the army can basically reach more than 7 oceans. And on top of this, the non-commissioned officer has 7A subsidy of $2. Compared with Chiang Kai-shek's ** army, there is still a certain gap.
However, the Feng army has an incomparable advantage of the ** army, that is, the food conditions of the Feng army are very good, such as cabbage and potatoes, pork stewed vermicelli and other meals, which can be seen every week. Although the diet on weekdays is not too much meat foodBut the richness of the dishes is the best among the ** warlords.
Corn and rice were basically the staple food of the soldiers' meals, and vegetables were very abundant, such as carrots, beans and cucumbers. Therefore, the Northeast Army has the lowest proportion of night blindness among the ** warlord troops.
In addition, the Northeast Army also has a lot of injury and illness subsidies, and soldiers will also be arranged to work in factories after they are disabled, which is relatively secure.
The local army with the best military salary situation is Yan Xishan's Jin Sui Army, and at the same time, the problem of military salary deduction in the Jin Sui Army is relatively small. In peacetime, the monthly income of a company commander can reach about 75 yuan, while the income of a platoon commander is about 30 yuan.
The income of ordinary soldiers is less than that of the ** army and the Northeast Army, only about 6 yuan, but this is realBasically, it can go to the soldiers, and the income of non-commissioned officers is 15 yuan, which is basically the same as that of the Northeast Army.
In terms of catering, although the Jin Suijun is not as rich as the dishes of the Northeast Army. But at least three meals a week, the staple food is also mixed noodles steamed buns and tofu, at least the pickles can still be enough. It's not good to eat, but it's sure to be full. The reason why Jin Suijun is so "rich" is mainly because Yan Xishan has a large number of minerals and military factories in his hands, and at the same time, he also withholds *** taxes.
The other relatively good situation is the Dian army. Its soldiers' salaries on paper can at least reach the level of the Jin Sui Army, and in terms of equipment, they use the equipment of the French army in an all-round way, and their combat effectiveness is very high.
In Yunnan Province under Long Yun's rule, opium ** was very developed, and the Dian army was not short of money at all. However, the problem of military salary deduction is relatively serious, and the soldiers are actually not as good as those of the Jin Sui army.
The Gui army is a little worse, but the issue of the payment of military salaries for the soldiers is still guaranteedAt least each soldier is paid about $4 a month. The Sichuan Army and the Northwest Army basically do not have such a thing as military salaries, and it would be good to be able to eat.
Another exception is the Sheng Shicai Department in Xinjiang, which has long been supported by the Soviet Union. For a long time, the military salary of Sheng Shicai's army was directly issued by the Soviet Union. Its military salary is much higher than that of the warlords in various places, and even Chiang Kai-shek's ** army, but it is unknown how much can actually be distributed to the soldiers.
After talking about the local warlords in various places, we are going to talk about Chiang Kai-shek's ** army.
Since Chiang Kai-shek ** held China's customs tariff power at that time, he was relatively rich. The salary of the ** army was one of the best among the ** warlords at that time.
**The military salary of the army commander can basically reach 320 yuan, the division commander 160 yuan, the regiment commander 120 yuan, the battalion commander 100 yuan, the company commander 50 yuan, and the ordinary soldier is 10 yuan per month.
But in fact, the company commander's monthly income may be as much as 100 yuan or more, and all the excess is "gray income" that is deducted. The army commander's income may reach more than 1,000 yuan; As ordinary soldiers at the bottom of the exploitation, their income is likely to be less than 3 yuan.
At that time, one yuan of ocean was almost able to buy 44 catties of rice. The income of the Kuomintang commander is about 40,000 yuan now, which is actually a lot. The paper income of an ordinary soldier is about 1,300 yuan, but the actual income is probably not more than 500 yuan.
However, during the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek's salary for the army was the so-called "national disaster salary".Basically, about a third of the military pay will be cut. The theoretical salary of ordinary soldiers is only about 7 yuan, and I am afraid that the actual amount of money in the store will not reach 1 yuan.
The problem of deduction in the national army is by no means limited to military salaries. In terms of equipment and materials, and even the food and drink of soldiers, the officers basically have to peel off the skin layer by layer. In the Kuomintang Expeditionary Force units that retreated to India, the American officers who were responsible for training them had to even watch the officers distribute supplies and salaries to the soldiers.
Including special supplies such as cod liver oil, U.S. military officers all asked the soldiers to eat them directly on the spot, and they had to supervise them. If the soldiers take it back themselves, then they will either be sold by themselves, or they will be snatched and sold by the officers.
During the War of Liberation, there was a sad situation in which the soldiers were holding beautiful weapons in their hands, but they were wearing straw sandals on their feet. Because except for the guns, all other equipment was taken by the officers and sold on the black market.
So much so that after the end of the Liberation War, Truman ** of the United States completely blamed the corruption of Chiang Kai-shek**. In fact, there is nothing wrong with this. Because Chiang Kai-shek's level of governance is actually limited to the level of one province, and allowing countless moths to eat at the foundation of the people, the final result is inevitable.
Sun Yanling. Anti-Japanese Military Salary and the Relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party (1937-l941)[J].Journal of Chinese History, 2015(1):47-47Rong Xiaoyan. A Brief Analysis of the Moral Cultivation Promoted by the Kuomintang during the Anti-Japanese War[J].Dongyue Review, 2006(05):