The first decade of the 20th century was a turbulent decade. Countless ideas are intertwined and collide on the soil of China.
Among them, there are mainly two groups competing in the political arenaThe Qing Dynasty and the Alliance。Founder and leader of the LeagueSun Yat-senIn recent decades, efforts have been made to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
He was extremely convinced that as long as the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the country would be able to be saved by a new regime.
In fact, he didThe Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty in one fell swoop and dismantled the feudal rule that had lasted for thousands of years.
In the film and television works that recorded this history, in order to highlight the contradictions, literary and artistic workers also deliberately arranged a meeting between the leaders of the Qing Dynasty and the League.
In the play, after the Xinhai Revolution,Empress Dowager Longyu and Sun Yat-senMeet in the palace. Yuan ShikaiSeeing the Empress Dowager Longyu, he knelt down directly, and Sun Yat-sen stood upright.
Seeing this, the Empress Dowager Longyu had no choice but to say:"You don't have to kneel. ”It was as if Sun Yat-sen did not have to kneel because of her gift, in order to save his face.
Who is the Empress Dowager Longyu?
Year 1868, that is, in the seventh year of Tongzhi, Yehenara gave birth to a baby girl in the mansion in the capital, and her parents named herJing Fen
As a noble daughter of the Manchu people, Jingfen has only one task in life since the day she was born, that is, to marry a ** and contribute to the family marriage.
If you can marry into the palace, then you will be able to come out on top in the evaluation of the completion of the task and add glory to the family.
Therefore, Jingfen received a very strict education from a young age. "The Biography of the Daughters" and "The Book of Filial Piety".That's a must-read, and you have to memorize it before doing so"Three Character Classic" and "Thousand Character Text".A class of Mongolian bibliography. But there are more books that are not included in the educational program.
The reason why Jingfen and other girls are allowed to learn these books is just to let them know a few words, and they appear to be a little literate in front of their husbands, so as not to fall into the glory of the family. Of course, you don't need to have too much cultureAfter all, the Qing Dynasty paid attention to women's lack of talent, which is virtueIt is enough to be able to read and write his own name and be able to praise his husband's erudition.
Jingfen's education plan focuses more on practical skills such as female celebrities and etiquette. Some people may ask, if you want to join Gaomen, why do you want to learn from female red?
It is true that there are a large number of subordinates in the aristocratic family to do these things, but in the cold winter of June, it is of great benefit to the relationship between husband and wife to put on a handmade cotton garment.
Jingfen's luck was good, and she embarked on the highest path of a noble girl: the draft.
Jingfen's draft road was also full of twists and turns. In 1886, Cixi drafted for Emperor GuangxuJingfen, who was 18 years old at the time, participated in this selection and became a registered show girl. Three of her female relatives also participated in the draft, but they were all eliminated. The following year, Cixi held a second draft, in which Jingfen's uncle Fobless's daughter also participated and was selected.
In 1888, Cixi announced that she would conduct a final draft, in which a total of eight show girls, including Jingfen and her cousin, were selected. Eventually, Jingfen was chosen as the empress of Emperor Guangxu. And her cousin, after being eliminated, married Pu Lun.
The fate of the noble lady is like this, it has long been predestined. Either marry into this family, or marry into that family. They are like products on the assembly line, which are produced after systematic training, and then sorted out into grades after a series of selections, and exported to various high gates.
And their daughters will also go through this path.
In 1889, the fifteenth year of Guangxu's accession to the throne, he passed the university scholarErle and clothLead,Officially canonized Yehnara as empress. After Jingfen was chosen as the queen, she couldn't call her by her name.
In official documents, in the title of the minister, she can only be the Yehnara clan from now on, representing the marriage between her family and the royal family. It wasn't until she got her own honorific title that she could get a relatively personal title.
On the twenty-seventh day of the first month, Yehenala entered the palace and officially married Emperor Guangxu. But the married life of the two is not as sweet as the life of the prince and princess written in fairy tales.
Emperor Guangxu didn't like this queen who was chosen for him by his mother.
This is not to say that Emperor Guangxu is a practitioner of free love, and he is not against the draft girl system. As an emperor, he can let the women of the world choose by himself in front of him, and he will not take the initiative to give up this privilege. The reason why he objected was only to use the Yehenala clan as an excuse to express his resistance to his mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi, for excessive interference in his life.
Empress Dowager Cixi chose Yehenara as Empress of Emperor Guangxu for two reasons.
One is that Yehenara is the niece of the Empress Dowager Cixi and the daughter of her younger brother. With such a person by Emperor Guangxu's side, she feels a lot more at ease, and she can always be the eyeliner to monitor Emperor Guangxu. Due to this arrangement of the Empress Dowager Cixi, the relationship between Emperor Guangxu and the Yehenala clan was very stiff. Emperor Guangxu was very disgusted with the surveillance from his wife, and monitoring Emperor Guangxu's movements every day also made the Yehenara clan physically and mentally exhausted.
The second is because the Yehenara clan itself has a weak character, which is easier for the Empress Dowager Cixi to control. If the empress is a strong personality and has ideas, then the Empress Dowager Cixi's own position will one day be unstable.
The cowardly Yehenara clan was despised by other concubines in the harem, which also made her only dependent on the wing of the Empress Dowager Cixi in order to live a stable life in this harem. In the midst of this stalemate, Yehnara barely managed to maintain his marriage. And since Emperor Guangxu was disgusted with this queen, he naturally went to the other concubines to find joy. In this way, it strengthened the attachment of the Yehnara clan to Cixi.
In 1908, Emperor Guangxu died, and Cixi died soon after. At that time, according to Cixi's will, he was only three years oldPu YiEnthronement, that isEmperor XuantongAnd the Yehenara clan also became the Empress Dowager of Longyu.
Seeing her three-year-old son sit in the position of emperor, the Empress Dowager Longyu did not think about governing the country.
As a mother, she certainly hopes that her son's dynasty will continue for generations to come. Although the current Qing Dynasty is facing many problems, the Empress Dowager Longyu can only start from the perspective of a mother and have the hope of being able to bring the Qing Dynasty back to life.
But in the end, she has never received any systematic education, not to mention the advanced ideas of the West, and even the traditional Chinese statecraft is mostly seen from the opera.
If she really wants to govern the country, she is helpless, so she has to educate her son simply, hoping that he can become a talent. Therefore, she attached great importance to Pu Yi's education, and asked Pu Yi to go to her palace every morning after getting up and recite the Four Books and Five Classics that she had been studying recently. It's a pity that the prince who was in power at that timeZaifeng, is a cowardly person with the same personality as the Empress Dowager Longyu. In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, natural and man-made disasters continued, and it was no longer something that two cowardly people could control.
In 1910, there was an outbreak of plague in the Northeast, the Qing Dynasty, under the leadership of the Empress Dowager Longyu and Zaifeng, could not make a normal response at all, and for a time disasters were everywhere, and ten rooms and nine were empty.
In the second year, many problems finally crushed the Qing Dynasty, and under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and all parts of the country also responded.
Cixi's rule over the years made them directly follow the old system and continue to let Empress Longyu listen to the government, which was also one of the reasons that directly led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
The Empress Dowager Longyu is not Cixi, and she can't make up so many ideas in the face of national affairs. Eventually, the Qing Dynasty could no longer sustain itself and was overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
Yehnara became the last empress dowager of China.
In the years of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, revolutionaries often regarded imperialism as their primary enemy. But in fact, feudal bureaucracy is the cancer rooted in the bone marrow of our country.
The most outstanding achievement of the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen is not the overthrow of the rule of the Qing DynastyRather, it cleansed the feudal bureaucratic thinking from the minds of the people.
As long as the people do not look forward to the rescue of the great master of the blue sky and rely on their own hands to save themselves, then the take-off of the Chinese nation is imperative.
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