This article**[Guangming Net-"Guangming**".
Guangming Forum] Author: Jiang Xiaojuan (Professor, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences).
Recently, 17 departments including the National Data Bureau jointly issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for "Data Elements" (2024-2026) (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), with the promotion of high-level application of data elements as the main line, and the promotion of collaborative optimization, reuse and efficiency enhancement of data elements, and the integration and innovation of data elements as the focus, strengthen the traction of scenario demand, drive the high-quality supply, compliance and efficient circulation of data elements, and cultivate new industries, new models, and new kinetic energy. Giving full play to the multiplier effect of data elements will provide strong support for promoting high-quality development and promoting Chinese-style modernization.
In the digital age, many aspects of the real world can be expressed in the form of data, and the production process has the dual output of traditional form and data form. The most prominent feature of data elements is that they can be reused in multiple scenarios at low cost, that is, the use of data elements is non-exclusive. A set of data can be reused by different subjects in different ways, and can be mined out by multi-level diversification through deconstruction, reorganization, convergence and integration, etc., so as to achieve knowledge diffusion, business integration, market expansion and value multiplication, and improve total factor productivity. Therefore, promoting the high-level application of data elements can bring about a multiplier effect of output and benefits.
As a major country in Internet applications, China is generating massive amounts of data every day. It has significant advantages in building a data element market and giving full play to the multiplier effect of data elements. From the perspective of consumer data, the number of monthly active users of China's mobile Internet is close to 1.2 billion, and the average time spent online per capita is as high as 69 hours, a total of 8 billion hours per day**, generating a steady stream of massive amounts of data related to individual behavior. From the perspective of production data, the added value of China's manufacturing industry accounted for nearly 30% of the global proportion in 2021, and the level of internal digital transformation and industrial Internet connection of enterprises ranked at the middle and upper level in the world, and continued to generate massive data related to production behavior. In addition, China's smart city construction is in full swing, with the number of 5G base stations in China ranking first in the world, the total scale of computing power ranking among the top in the world, and data collection, aggregation and transmission are convenient and efficient. At present, the rapid development of China's digital economy and the continuous improvement of the scale and energy level of digital infrastructure have laid a solid foundation for better playing the role of data elements.
The data element market is a new type of factor market, which needs to promote innovation in practice and continuously establish and improve relevant market systems. The action plan focuses on 12 industries and fields, including industrial manufacturing, modern agriculture, trade circulation, transportation, financial services, scientific and technological innovation, cultural tourism, medical and health, emergency management, meteorological services, urban governance, and green and low-carbon, and clarifies a number of typical application scenarios, all of which are characterized by rich data resources and good structure, wide application needs, and multi-level interactive chains, with a good application foundation and broad development space. Focusing on these key industries and fields, we will strive to explore data transactions and interactions that open up the whole domain, the whole chain and the whole ecology, enrich the path of data element value release, innovate the allocation of factors, and improve the total factor productivity, which will bring about the expansion of economic quantity and qualitative improvement.
Improving data supply is an important guarantee for giving full play to the multiplier effect of data elements, and the effective release of value of public data is an important source. The large amount of public data and its openness are of great significance to the development of the data element market. The action plan focuses on the opening of public data in the fields of science and technology data, medical and health data, emergency management data, meteorological data, and urban operation data. Specifically, the interconnection of various scientific and technological data can activate more data-driven scientific and technological innovation activitiesHealth care data can play an important role in precision medicine, new drug opening, and early warning and management of public health eventsThe aggregation and use of emergency management data will effectively improve the ability of safety production supervision, intelligent monitoring of natural disasters and the efficiency of rescue and disposalThe effective use of meteorological data will also help reduce the impact of extreme weather events, and there is also a lot of room for serving the financial industry and the development of industries with a high degree of correlation with climate and meteorologyUrban operation data has a value that cannot be underestimated in improving the level of urban management. To realize the effective application of public data, the combination of open sharing and development and utilization is the best way.
In addition, the action plan also mentions that it will promote the orderly cross-border flow of data, benchmark high-standard economic and trade rules, continue to optimize the regulatory measures for cross-border data flow, and support the exploration of the free ** pilot zone. From a practical point of view, the operation of global business in the digital era will inevitably require real-time cross-border flow of data, and the digital economy is also a new competitive advantage that China should strive to create. Therefore, in order to "multiply" the data elements to create new momentum, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of openness, integration, security and order, promote high-level opening up in the field of data economy, strengthen international exchanges and mutual learning, and promote the orderly cross-border flow of data.
The action plan clearly states that "by the end of 2026, the breadth and depth of the application of data elements will be greatly expanded, the multiplier effect of data elements in the field of economic development will be revealed, and more than 300 typical application scenarios with strong demonstration, high visibility and wide driving force will be created" and "the average annual growth rate of the data industry will exceed 20%". At present, the "timetable" and "roadmap" have been clarified, and efforts should be made to solve the problems of low quality of data supply, poor circulation mechanism, and insufficient release of application potential, so as to give full play to the multiplier effect of data elements and better empower China's economic and social development.
Bright**" 2024-01-10 02 edition).