Recently, with the approval of the National Health Commission, the National Cancer Center released the 2022 China Malignant Tumor Disease Burden on JNCC based on the latest data of tumor registration and follow-up monitoring. The quality and standardization of China's tumor registration data have been further improved, which has been unanimously recognized at home and abroad, and the updated malignant tumor burden data can provide more objective basic data for cancer prevention and control and the implementation of national health strategies.
Incidence of cancer in China in 2022
Basic information
New cases:482.470 thousand
World standard incidence:201.61 100 thousand
The incidence is higher in males than in females（209.61 100,000 vs 19703 100,000).
Table 1 Estimated incidence of malignant tumors in China in 2022.
female breast cancer; Age standardization was performed using the SEGI World Standard Population.
Fig. 1 The number of patients with all types of cancer in China (10,000 people).
Fig. 2 The incidence and ranking of the top 10 malignant tumors in Chinese men and women.
Age distribution of malignancy incidence
The incidence of whole cancer is relatively low in the 0-34 age group, with a significant increase from the 35-39 age group and a peak in the 80-84 age group.
The incidence is lower in males between the ages of 25 and 54 and higher in females over 60 years of age.
Fig. 3 Age distribution of the incidence of malignant tumors in China.
Cancer deaths in China in 2022
Basic information
New cases:482.470 thousand
World Standard Mortality Rate:96.47 100,000
MaleThe world-standard mortality rate is higher than that of women（127.49 100,000 vs 6781 100,000).
Table 2 Estimates of malignant tumor deaths in China in 2022.
female breast cancer; Age standardization was performed using the SEGI World Standard Population.
Fig. 4 Number of deaths from all types of cancer in China (10 000 people).
Fig.5 The mortality rate and rank of the top 10 malignant tumors in Chinese men and women.
Age distribution of mortality from malignant tumors
Mortality from all cancers increased significantly after the 40-44 age group and peaked in the age group 85 years and older.
In people over the age of 40, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women.
Fig. 6 Age distribution of malignant tumor mortality in China.
Incidence and mortality trends of malignant tumors in China from 2000 to 2018
Incidence trends
The standardized incidence of all cancer species increased by an average of 1 per year4%
Rise:
Men: thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer.
Women: thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, uterine corpus cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer.
Drop:
Males and females: esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer.
Trends in deaths
The standardized mortality rate of all cancer species decreased by an average of 1 per year3%
Rise:
Men: prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer.
Female: cervical cancer, ovarian cancer.
Drop:
Males and females: esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer.
Summary
Cancer is still a major public health problem in China, and the structure of China's cancer spectrum still presents a situation where the cancer spectrum of developed countries and developing countries coexists.
The estimated number of new cases and deaths of malignant tumors in China in 2022 has increased compared with previous years, and the increase in the number of cases is due to the aging of the population, and the increase in the number of cancer cases is due to the improvement of public awareness of cancer prevention and more convenient medical conditions, and more and more residents are actively participating in cancer physical examinations and national screening and early diagnosis and early treatment programs, and more cancer cases are detected in a timely manner. The increase in the number of deaths is more due to the aging of the population.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in China. The top five malignant tumors were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, and gastric cancer, and the top five malignant tumors in death were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer.
During the period from 2000 to 2018, the standardized mortality rate of whole cancer species decreased by an average of 1In particular, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer showed a significant downward trend, which reflects the long-term adherence to the above-mentioned comprehensive cancer prevention and treatment in China, especially the initial effect of the gradual promotion of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening since 2005.
In the future, we should continue to implement the specific requirements of the Healthy China Action and the Cancer Prevention and Control Action Implementation Plan, and make steady progress in key areas such as comprehensive prevention and control of risk factors, cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment, and standardized diagnosis and treatment, and strive to initially curb the rising trend of cancer burden by 2030.
At present, the incidence and death of malignant tumors in China continue to rise, and the annual medical expenditure caused by malignant tumors exceeds 220 billion. The results of urban-rural analysis showed that the incidence rate in urban areas was slightly higher than that in rural areas, while the mortality rate in rural areas was slightly higher than that in urban areas, but the difference between the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in urban and rural areas gradually decreased, which may be due to the narrowing of the differences in the risk factors of malignant tumors, such as smoking, slow infection, dietary habits and air pollution, resulting in the increasingly close incidence. However, the relative lack of medical resources in rural areas and the relatively weak awareness of cancer prevention have led to a high mortality rate of malignant tumors in rural areas. In the past 10 years, the survival rate of malignant tumors has shown a gradual upward trend, and the 5-year relative survival rate of malignant tumors in China is about 405. Compared with 10 years ago, the survival rate of malignant tumors in China has increased by about 10 percentage points, but there is still a big gap with developed countries, the main reason is that there are differences between China's cancer spectrum and that of developed countries, and the high incidence of digestive system tumors with poor prognosis in China, such as liver rumen and gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, while the developed countries in Europe and the United States have a high incidence of tumors with a good prognosis such as thyroid cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, it must be noted that tumors with a better prognosis in China such as breast cancer (820 ), thyroid cancer (843) and prostate cancer (66.)4) The 5-year survival rate is still far behind that of developed countries such as the United States and 995) to. The main reasons for this gap are the low number of early clinical cases, the low rate of early diagnosis, and the non-standard clinical diagnosis and treatment of late cases. Therefore, China should make joint efforts to expand the coverage of screening, early diagnosis and early treatment of related tumors, standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and promote and apply homogeneity to reduce the mortality rate of malignant tumors in China.
In short, the burden of malignant tumors in China is increasing day by day, the difference between urban and rural areas is large, the regional distribution is uneven, and the situation of cancer prevention and control is grim. Cancer spectrum coexists in developed and developing countries, and it is extremely difficult to prevent and treat cancer. In 2020, there were 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, including 2.48 million in men and 2.09 million in women, and 3 million cancer deaths in China in 2020, including 1.82 million in men and 1.18 million in women.
This is much higher than the previously released data, so let's take a look at the specific data analysis in China:
Both at the top: China ranks first in the world in terms of new cases and deaths
In 2020, there were 19.29 million new cancer cases in the world, of which 4.57 million were new cancers in China, accounting for 23.3% of the world7%, because China is the world's most populous country, the number of new cancer cases far exceeds that of other countries in the world.
The top 10 countries with the highest number of new cancer cases are: China (4.57 million), the United States (2.28 million), India (1.32 million), Japan (1.03 million), Germany (630,000), Brazil (590,000), Russia (590,000), France (470,000), the United Kingdom (460,000), and Italy (420,000).
Number of new cancer cases by country in 2020.
In 2020, there were 9.96 million cancer deaths worldwide, of which 3 million were cancer deaths in China, accounting for 30% of the total cancer deaths, mainly due to the large number of cancer patients in China, which ranked first in the world.
The top 10 countries with the highest number of cancer deaths in 2020 were: China (3 million), India (850,000), the United States (610,000), Japan (420,000), Russia (310,000), Brazil (260,000), Germany (250,000), Indonesia (230,000), France (190,000), and the United Kingdom (180,000).
Number of cancer deaths by country in 2020.
The supremacy of lung cancer is unshakable, and the number of deaths is far ahead
In 2020, there were 4.57 million new cases of cancer in China, ranking first in the world in the number of breast cancers, but fourth in China after lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer.
In 2020, the top 10 cancers in China in terms of new cancer cases were: lung cancer (820,000), colorectal cancer (560,000), gastric cancer (480,000), breast cancer (420,000), liver cancer (410,000), esophageal cancer (320,000), thyroid cancer (220,000), pancreatic cancer (120,000), prostate cancer (120,000), and cervical cancer (110,000), accounting for 78% of the new cancers.
Top 10 cancer types by number of new cancer cases in China in 2020.
In 2020, there were 3 million cancer deaths in China, with lung cancer leading the way, reaching 710,000, accounting for 23 percent of the total cancer deaths8%。
In 2020, the top 10 cancers in China in terms of cancer deaths were: lung cancer (710,000), liver cancer (390,000), stomach cancer (370,000), esophageal cancer (300,000), colorectal cancer (290,000), pancreatic cancer (120,000), breast cancer (120,000), neurological cancer (70,000), leukemia (60,000), and cervical cancer (60,000), accounting for 83% of the total cancer deaths.
Top 10 cancer types by number of cancer deaths in China in 2020.
Chinese male data: lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer are still the same
In 2020, there were 2.48 million new cancer cases among men in China, accounting for 54% of the total, with lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer having the largest number of cases.
In 2020, the top 10 cancers in China in terms of new cancer cases were: lung cancer (540,000), gastric cancer (330,000), colorectal cancer (320,000), liver cancer (300,000), esophageal cancer (220,000), prostate cancer (120,000), pancreatic cancer (70,000), bladder cancer (70,000), thyroid cancer (50,000), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (50,000), accounting for 84% of the new cancers in men.
The top 10 cancer types by number of new cases of male cancer in China in 2020.
In 2020, there were 1.82 million cancer deaths among men in China, accounting for 61% of the total, with lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer having the largest number of deaths.
In 2020, the top 10 cancers in China in terms of the number of cancer deaths were: lung cancer (470,000), liver cancer (290,000), gastric cancer (260,000), esophageal cancer (210,000), colorectal cancer (160,000), pancreatic cancer (70,000), prostate cancer (50,000), leukemia (40,000), nervous system cancer (30,000), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (30,000), accounting for 88% of the total cancer deaths.
The top 10 cancer types by number of male cancer deaths in China in 2020.
Chinese women: Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer and topped the list.
In 2020, there were 2.09 million new cancer cases among women in China, accounting for 46% of the total, with breast, lung and colorectal cancer accounting for the largest number of cases.
In 2020, the top 10 cancers with the number of new cases of cancer among women in China were: breast cancer (420,000), lung cancer (280,000), colorectal cancer (240,000), thyroid cancer (170,000), stomach cancer (150,000), cervical cancer (110,000), liver cancer (110,000), esophageal cancer (100,000), endometrial cancer (80,000), and ovarian cancer (60,000), accounting for 81% of new cancers in women
The top 10 cancer types by number of new cases of cancer among women in China in 2020.
In 2020, there were 1.18 million cancer deaths among women in China, accounting for 39% of the total, with lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer having the largest number of deaths.
In 2020, the top 10 cancers in China in terms of cancer deaths were: lung cancer (240,000), colorectal cancer (120,000), gastric cancer (120,000), breast cancer (120,000), liver cancer (100,000), esophageal cancer (90,000), cervical cancer (60,000), pancreatic cancer (50,000), ovarian cancer (40,000), and nervous system cancer (30,000), accounting for 83% of the total cancer deaths.
Top 10 cancer types by number of cancer deaths among women in China in 2020.
Globally, the cancer burden is expected to increase by 50% by 2040 compared to 2020 due to an aging population, and the number of new cancer cases will reach nearly 30 million by then. Nowhere is this more evident than in countries undergoing social and economic transitions.
For China, the inclusion of cancer prevention and intervention in health plans will help reduce the future burden of cancer, and at the same time promote the development of innovative anti-cancer drugs.
**: National Cancer Center