In the health education class of primary school, it is said that do not drink raw water, wash fruits and vegetables before eating, and do not go swimming in rivers and lakes to play in the water, because they will be infected with various parasites.
Common parasites in the human body include roundworms, schistosomiasis, hookworms, scabies, etc., which are usually eaten by humans, and it is true that the words of the ancestors "diseases are eaten".
In the past, living conditions were difficult, and without the current sanitary conditions, many people were inadvertently infected, and it was impossible to prevent it at that time. Later, with the development of health services and the emergence of various preventive vaccinations and epidemic prevention measures, the phenomenon of parasite infection has rarely occurred.
Ascaris is a parasite.
Now that I am infected with parasites, many times it is really "self-inflicted" by people, such as eating wild meat that made a lot of noise before. Although it is now proven that wild animals were responsible for that time, it is an indisputable fact that there are a large number of parasites on them.
Parasites are divided into external and internal sojourners, and they mainly live by plundering the nutrition of the human body, which is harmful to human beings but not beneficial. Internal parasites such as roundworms, nematodes, etc., parasitize our intestines.
External parasites mostly attach to the surface of ** and feed on human blood, such as lice, mites, and leeches that we are all afraid of.
Leeches dried. Leech, look at the name to know that it mainly lives in the water, is very common in our country, especially in the southern region, belongs to the leech class under the phylum annelid, has distribution all over the world, a total of more than 300 species, only in China there are 100 species.
Leeches' main way of life is to find a host and climb up to suck blood, so they don't just feed on human blood, they take two puffs whenever an animal passes by in their world.
It also has a small name of leech, the body is flat and long, the large leech can grow to more than 15 centimeters, and the smaller one is about 2 centimeters, which is considered a large size among parasites.
Leeches don't care if they are discovered by their hosts, because they are swaggering in the water, and when they see an animal, they go up and bite it. There are 3 semicircular jaws in the mouth of the leech in a Y-shape, bite the animal's muscles and fix its head.
Leech bloodsucking simulation.
It has suction cups at both ends of its head and tail, and its abdomen also has a certain adsorption capacityWhen sucking blood, bite open the epidermal capillaries with a Y-shaped jaw, and at the same time spit out saliva containing anti-blood clotting, and leave when you are full.
In fact, the way the leech eats is more like a mosquito, it will not just stare at a creature, but look for it extensively, and leave after sucking, the object is always changing, but people's fear and hatred for it are far more than mosquitoes.
First of all, leeches look disgusting, because they like a warm and humid environment, leeches have to stay in the water most of the time, and they have to keep ** moist at all times, in the process of leaving the water, the leech's ** will secrete mucus to prevent dehydration, so it looks slimy.
In addition, leeches are larger than most parasites, and people will feel nauseous when they accidentally see or touch them. Secondly, leeches are very difficult to deal with, compared to a mosquito slapping to death, once the leech bites, they can't be dragged or killed.
The wound is relatively large, and pulling or killing it will allow some of its tissue to remain in the wound and cause serious infection。Finally, the leeches live in dirty places that carry bacteria and viruses.
After leeches bite a person, these can enter the body through the wound, causing inflammation and disease in the wound. Hence the foul-smelling name it was given - "water vampire".
Leech. The leech's life revolves around water, and its eggs are also laid in water. So this raises concerns that if you accidentally drink water containing leech eggs, will the larvae enter the human stomach and intestines, and then attach to it for a long time to suck blood? It's like a roundworm in a person's stomach.
This can be reassured, after the leech is eaten into the human stomach, it will hardly survive. Leeches are different from roundworms, which no longer undergo aerobic respiration in adulthood in order to adapt to the environment in the human small intestine.
And the leech needs oxygen all the time, and the human stomach happens to be hypoxic, and it can hardly survive. In addition, the mucus on the skin of leeches is actually afraid of many things, and strong acids and alkalis can cause damage.
We have hydrochloric acid in our stomach, which can destroy its epidermis and make it dehydrated, and the human stomach contains enzymes that can break down proteins, and both the leech and its eggs will be broken down. Leeches can't even live, so how can they survive for a long time and still suck blood?
Leeches can't live without water.
Although leeches cannot live in the stomach and intestines of humans, they can live in the nose and throatThese places are connected to the outside world and can receive oxygen. Generally speaking, in the larval stage, people take the opportunity to burrow into the nasal cavity when washing their faces, so they set up camp there;
Or when a person drinks water with larvae, the larvae are adsorbed to the throat before they are about to fall into the stomach, so as not to enter the oxygen-deficient environment. There are such cases, but they are rare, and once found, they must be taken out by the hospital in time.
Looking at it this way, even if you accidentally eat a leech into your stomach, don't panic too much, it is almost impossible for it to resist the stomach environment, and it is impossible to enter the intestines to live a blood-sucking life.
However, this does not mean that there is no danger in eating leeches, leeches are very dirty, there are many bacteria and viruses on its body, these things are more tenacious, stomach acid and digestive enzymes may not kill them, so it is best not to drink untreated water, and do not wash your face and hands with unclean water.
Leech breeding ponds.
As long as we live on the earth, we will inevitably come into contact with wild animals, leeches are mollusks, elusive, and often inadvertently have a close contact with us.
So if you are unfortunate enough to encounter a leech, how should you safely remove it? Be careful not to pull it hard, this is a big taboo, otherwiseAt the least, they tear off a piece of their own flesh, or leave the leech's head in the wound.
You should first pat the area around the bite with your hand, and use the vibration to tell the leech that there is danger here, and the leech will let go and flee out of vigilance. If this leech is more bold and does not let go of its mouth and continues to suck blood, then physical stimulation must be used.
Prepare everything that stimulates you, salt, alcohol, and wind oil, you can even use honey to sprinkle these on the skin of the leech, change the concentration on it, and let the leech lose water.
If it feels uncomfortable, it will quickly flee back into the water, and if it hits the surrounding area again, the leech will fall. Or use a lighter to boil a leech to make it painful and also make it loose.
If you are in the wild and do not have anything in your hand, you can choose to spit on leeches, and the concentration of saliva in humans is also higher than that of leeches, and the saliva is alkaline.
If you vomit too much, it will also make the leech feel uncomfortable and loosen its mouth. In short, the way to deal with a leech is not to be tough with it, but to make it feel pain and let it loosen its mouth.
Leeches can be dealt with with salt.
There is no garbage in this world, garbage is a misplaced resource, and there are no absolutely harmful animals in this world, harmful because they live in the wrong place, if you change places, it will be worth a fortune. Leeches are extremely harmful pests to humans in the wild, sucking human blood to spread diseases, but if placed in the modern medical community, leeches areExtremely medicinousmaterials.
Scientists have found hirudin, an ingredient extracted from leeches' salivary glands, in leechesIt is a small polypeptide composed of 65-66 amino acids
Hirudin has a strong inhibitory effect on thrombinTo put it simply, it can effectively inhibit blood clotting, and all kinds of blood clots that are common in our lives are caused by blood clotting and blockage.
Leeches have high medicinal value.
Hence hirudinIt has a broad application prospect in clinical ** and prevention of various thrombosis. In addition to thrombosis, leeches have also contributed to other fields of medicine.
For example, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, if there is blood congestion in the body of a pregnant woman after giving birth, the use of hirudin can activate blood and remove blood stasis; Plastic surgery uses hirudin to remove lumps around the wound and speed up wound healing.
Leeches have the best effect on the "three highs" that are now common, and it has been verified in clinical trials that it has an effect on reducing blood lipids. And what pleases scientists the most is its performance against cancer.
Hirudin has an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, and its high anticoagulant effect is conducive to the infiltration of anticancer drugs and immunoactive cells into cancer tissues to kill cancer cells
Schematic diagram of cancer cell proliferation and spread.
Leeches are also the nemesis of paraquat, which is known for its toxicity, causing fibrosis in the lungs when eaten, and eventually the poisoner dies of hypoxia, while leeches just happen to inhibit fibrosis.
If leeches can be used to control the rate of pulmonary fibrosis in the early stages of poisoning, then the lives of poisoned people can be saved. Scientists have found that leeches also have a certain effect on liver fibrosis, and in the current experiments, it has been able to control liver fibrosis in experimental mice.
In addition to its medical value, leeches also have a high nutritional value, and although it grows disgusting, it does not affect the variety it containsProteins, peptides, trace elements, and fatty acidsBecause of its mollusc properties, it can be used all over the body, so in the future it is a good industrial nutrient**.
Paraquat. People have heard of raising fish, pigs and even snakes, but not only have they not heard of raising leeches, but they will also think it is incredible, how to raise this thing? Since the medicinal properties of leeches have been discovered, there is a very high demand for leeches in the market at present.
Leeches are difficult to catch in the natural environment, so leech farming is now being carried out. At present, leech aquaculture in China is mainly divided into paddy field aquaculture and cement pond culture.
When cultivating rice fields, they should be dug up in the rice fieldsWidth 03 meters, depth 05 metersThe ravines on the left and right, the area of the ravines occupy the paddy fieldsIt is used for leech activity and foraging. It is best to use animal manure as fertilizer in the cultivated rice field, and do not use pesticides to ensure the growth of leeches.
Leeches do not have to eat animal blood, they are scavenging and can eat animal carcasses and excrement. Of course, in rice fields where leeches are raised, it is best not to go to the field, and even if you go to the field, you must take protective measures.
Humans are currently experimenting with the cultivation of leeches.
The advantage of this kind of farming is that it can harvest both leeches and high-quality rice, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone, and the disadvantage is that the benefit is not high. Cement pond farming requires the construction of cement pondsAbout 20 square metersIt is necessary to artificially create an environment of silt and aquatic weeds.
Do not put leech seedlings immediately after the pond is built, because the cement contains alkaline substances, which will destroy the leeches20 daysLeeches can only be put into the water after purification and filtration, and can not be put too much at one time, and the natural environment needs to be simulated step by step, and the leeches per square meter can not be exceeded after the area is stabilized100 articles
Whether it is a rice field or a cement pond, you need to be prepared to prevent leeches from escaping, and using a dense omentum can effectively prevent leeches from escaping. In addition, it is necessary to do a good job of sun protection, leeches should not withstand exposure, and are not suitable for living in water with relatively high temperatures, so we should always pay attention to it in the breeding process.
Leech farming. We should treat leeches as a hospitable animalIt is a low-level annelid, but it can cause harm to high-level humansLeeches were once a serious pathogenic parasite, causing large-scale infection and death in the first class.
WhileToday, it has become a beneficial insect for diseases, shouldering a variety of research in the Human Medical Society, completed the gorgeous transformation of identity. With the use of pesticides by humans, the number of leeches in the wild has now decreased, which is good for humans but bad for the natural environment as a whole.
Leeches have very good medicinal properties.
Leeches have always been at the bottom of the biological chain, they are the food of many animals, and they are also part of the self-purification of water bodies, and we believe that leeches are dirty because humans have soiled the water.
And the job of the leech is to eat plankton in dirty water. This collapse, which occurs from the lower end of the food chain, is fatal to nature. It is worse than the decline of animals at the top of the food chain.
Fortunately, now the scale of leech breeding is considerable, its reproductive ability is also very strong, and it will also attract human attention because of its value, at least the number is guaranteed. But is this a blessing or a curse for leeches?