The mystery of the change of the number of Zhu Di Temple, the meaning and interpretation in the historical record
After Zhu Di's death, Taimiao was called Taizong, and after Zhu Houxi of Ming Shizong ascended the throne, it broke out"The Great Debate on Etiquette", Taimiao by"Taizong"Instead"Cheng Zu"。The reason why it is called"Cheng Zu"It is because Ming Shizong wanted to place the tablet of his father, the king of olive planting, Zhu Youzhen, in the temple. Of course, the real reason is not to make room for his father in the Taimiao as rumored on the Internet, but to ensure that Zhu Youzhen's descendants can benefit from the sacrifice. Now, let's take a look at the game that Zhu Houxuan has been playing with his ministers for 24 years.
After the death of Mujong, Sejong ascended the throne, triggered"Clash of etiquette"。
In March of the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521), Zhu Houzhao of Ming Wuzong died at the age of 30, because he had no children after his death, and had no other brothers and sisters, so Empress Zhang of Cishou and Yang Tinghe, a scholar, debated, and offered Wang Zhu Houzhao to welcome Zhu Houyu into the capital to take the throne, Zhu Houyu and the minister after the game transferred to Jiajing, to be Jiajing twenty-four years to open the country.
On the seventh day of the fifth month of this year, not long after Zhu Houxuan ascended the throne, Mao Cheng was invited by Yang Tinghe, the first assistant, to order the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs to play Zhu Houxuan, and he followed the practice of King Dingtao of the Han Dynasty and King Pu of the Song Dynasty, and played Ming Xiaozong, hoping that Xiaozong would respect Zhu Yougong as the emperor's testator and respect his biological father Xingkao as the emperor's biological father. He hoped that Emperor Xiaozong would respect Zhu Yougong as the emperor of the examination, and respect his biological father Xingxian Wang Zhu Youqi as the emperor's uncle, and then support Yang Yanghe Shangjuan. This proposal was immediately opposed by Zhang Zun, who argued that although Emperor Ai of Han and Yingzong of Song were the sons of King Tao of Han and King Pu of Song, Emperor Cheng of Han and Emperor Renzong of Song had no children, while Emperor Ming Xiaozong apparently had a son and was ruled by his son Zhu Houzhao, so he should not be treated as a cat.
Zhu Houxuan thought to himself"I became the emperor, and my father also changed, so he agreed with Zhang Zong's proposal, but at that time, he had just ascended the throne, and Zhang Zong had just been admitted to the Jinshi examination, so Zhu Houxuan and Zhang Zong still lost in the end. Despite Zhu Houxuan's support, Zhang Zong was demoted to the rank of judge.
In the second year of Jiajing (1523), Zhang Zong, Gui Cao, Hu Duo and others played again, and in the first month of the following year, Zhu Houxi ordered to play again, and in April, Zhang Zong, Gui Cao and others were summoned to Beijing, but they were again strongly opposed by Yang Tinghe and other ministers, so that the ministers of the court and China not only attacked them, but also once threatened to arrest and execute them. This game is based on Yang Tinghe's faction"There are more than 80 people and 250 people"("The Biography of Wang Jun"), but because the throne of Emperor Jiajing was intact, with his support, Zhang Zong was promoted to the rank of Hanlin Scholar of the Two Dynasties, mainly responsible for solving etiquette issues, and the two sides were tied in the second game.
In July of the third year of Jiajing (1524), Zhu Houzhao summoned his ministers to Zuoshunmen, declaring that he still wished to call his biological parents as them"Father, mother", again met with strong opposition from the ministers, and the holy decree was not issued in the end. Subsequently, He Mengchun, Yang Shen and others realized the seriousness of the situation, and immediately forced the ministers to let 231 people (229 people recorded in the History of the Ming Dynasty) kneel in front of Zuoshun Gate and demonstrate in front of the emperor, Zhu Houzhao repeatedly failed, and 134 people were imprisoned in a fit of anger, and more than 180 people above the fifth grade were taken to the court with sticks, and 17 people were killed on the spot, history said"Left Shun Door**"。This event is called"Left Shun Door**"。
In September of the same year, with the support of Zhu Houzhao, Ming Zhangzong and the Ministry of Rites, Shang Shuxishu and Gui Cao, Fang Xianfu and others, convened the ministers to discuss the ceremony at the Que Right Gate, and this time Zhang Zong and others won a complete victory, and finally Ming Xiaozong became the uncle of the imperial examination, and the Queen Mother Zhang Sheng became the aunt of the imperial examination. Ming Xiaozong's father is Xingxian Wang Huang Kao, his mother is the Empress Dowager Zhang Sheng, his brother is Zhu Houzhao of Ming Wuzong, and his sister-in-law is the Empress Dowager Zhuang Su.
After three years of fierce struggle, Ming Shizong Zhu Houzhao finally won his own claim"Father"and an opportunity to vindicate his father's name. However, the dismissal of Yang Tinghe (who was later demoted to a civil official) and the flogging of 17 people marked the beginning of the rupture of relations between the government and the people in the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty.
In order to get his father to move into the temple, Zhu Houjian worked hard to reform the temple system.
The Ming Temple was built on December 26 in the Yuan to Zheng period (1366), and although Zhu Yuanzhang announced the temple regulations very early, before Zhu Houzhao, the Ming Temple actually underwent two changes. The first time was in the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), when Zhu Yuanzhang rebuilt the temple, will"Separate palaces"The system is changed"Separate rooms in the same hall"system, that is, from one emperor and one temple to several emperors and one temple. When Zhu Di moved the capital to Beiping for the second time, he rebuilt the Beiping Temple, thus forming the double temple system of the Ming Dynasty.
After the Great Rites Discussion was staged, Zhu Houxi not only sat on the throne, but also inherited his father's surname, but as an adopted son, he began to hope to donate his father's tablet to the temple, so he began to make unremitting efforts.
March of the third year of Jiajing (1524)."Great Gifts"Before the dust settled, Gui Cao, the director of the Nanjing Criminal Department, wrote a letter requesting that another temple be built for Emperor Xingxian in the capital, and the following month, Fang Xianfu, the secretary of the Ministry of Officials, also wrote a letter requesting another temple to be built for Emperor Xingxian. Although his proposal was quickly rejected by the ministers, Zhu Houxi insisted on building an empty house in the west of the precipitous city, called the Guanda Palace, to enshrine Emperor Xingxian as the mother of Emperor Wensheng and the emperor of Wensheng, and to place the emperor's shrine in this room.
In 1525, He Yuan, who had just been promoted to the position of Guanglu Temple, wrote to Emperor Shangshu and requested that a stone chamber be set up for the emperor in the Taimiao. This meant that Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty could set up a royal dormitory directly related to his ancestor in the Taimiao Temple, as an ancestral shrine for the rest of his life. Zhu Houxi was very happy about this and immediately organized a court meeting.
Although this transformation took place during the Zhou Dynasty, King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou contributed to it. Therefore, not only the DPRK and China were unanimously opposed, but even Zhangzong, Guicao and Xishu were unanimously opposed. In order to avoid conflict between the emperor and the ministers, both sides made concessions, and in May of the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), Zhu Houxi ordered the construction of the dedication hall, and in May of the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), Zhu Houjian ordered the construction of the dedication hall on the site of the outer ring of the Taimiao, called"The Temple", and ordered the revision of the "Emperor's Dedication to the Palace".
Seeing that it was not easy for his father to enter the temple, Zhu Houjian began to advocate the reform of the temple fair. In the first month of the tenth year of Jiajing (1531)."The emperor has a number of temples, the name of the temple, the big temple, the temple, the ancestral god of the move to the temple of the ancestors, the god of the ancestors in the palace, the seven gods in turn"(History of the Ming Dynasty).
It is said that when Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne, the Mingzu Temple was already overcrowded, because Zhu Yuanzhang's Taizu Dezong Zhu Baoliu was sitting there, Dazong Zhu Di, Renzong Zhu Gaoxu, Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, and Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, Xianzong Zhu Zaiyuan, Xiaozong Zhu Youzhen, Wuzong Zhu Houzhao and other nine emperors. Zhu Houzhao to"Zhu Yuanzhang is the true monarch"For this reason, the temple system was reformed, and the ancestral hall of Dezong Zhu Bailiu was moved to the Zongmiao, so as to vacate the Zongmiao and prepare for his father Zhu Yuanzhang's enthronement in the Taimiao.
Although the temple was empty at that time, it was difficult to place my father's shrine in it in the short term. In addition, during this period, the shrines of Zhu Yuanzhang and other emperors were placed in a temple, and only Zhu Youzhu lived alone in a temple, which made Zhu Houxi very sudden, and he wanted to restore the system of separation of palaces and temples in the capital, but it was postponed due to the opposition of the ministers. In June of the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534), Nanjing Temple was destroyed by fire, and Zhu Houjian ordered a new temple in Beijing to establish a temple system: the great-ancestor temple is in the middle, the great-ancestor is on the left, and the great-ancestor is the Wenzu Shiji, which is the remnant of the Sanzhao Temple; The great-ancestor is on the right for the Sanmu Temple, and the great-grandfather lies behind the ancestral temple to build an ancestral hall to worship the main temple.
Zhu Houjian not only restored the system of sub-temples in the palace, so that each emperor had a separate temple, but also avoided Zhu Di's"Shiro"Later, the edict replaced the stone temple as the emperor's sacrificial temple, and at the same time avoided using the canal as an excuse to move the emperor's sacrificial temple to a new location closer to the Taimiao, so that his father's emperor's sacrificial temple was only a whole of the Taimiao. His father's temple and the emperor's temple are one and the same.
In order to let his father enjoy the sacrifice, Zhu Houjian renamed Zhu Di Temple as Ming Chengzu Temple.
After the reform of the temple system, things calmed down for a while, until April of the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), Tongzhi Fengfang wrote to the prefect of Yangzhou and requested"Restore the old ceremony, build a famous hall, add the name of the emperor's temple, and the same sect as the gods"。Crowned the Emperor Kao Xiandi Temple as the sect, with the same name as the gods'。
It should be noted that the soup festival and the suburban sacrifice were extremely important in both kinds of sacrifices in ancient times: the suburban sacrifice was to commemorate the distant ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang, and the soup sacrifice was to sacrifice Taizong according to the Zhou rites. However, in the Han, Song, and Tang dynasties, there was a precedent of replacing Taizong's sacrifice with Tang sacrifices to Taizong's father, and the sacrifices of the Xuan order were obviously deliberately moved.
Zhu Houxi listened to Fengfang's request, was overjoyed, and immediately asked his father for the temple number and enjoyed the hall. The impact of this proposal once again caused turmoil in the DPRK and China, and many ministers expressed their opposition, and Ming Shizong knew that Yan Song could not come up with an idea, so he went to seek Yan Song's support. Tang Hao, Minister of the Interior, said that the emperor had not learned the Zhou etiquette and wanted to learn the etiquette of the Han, Tang and Song dynasties.
After hearing the news, Zhu Houxuan not only angrily imprisoned Tang Hao, but also wrote the article "Mingtang or Ask" without the support of the ministers, in which he strongly requested that his father Zhu Youshen sacrifice to the Mingtang olive merchant and ask for it for his father"Jongmyo Temple"Temple name. In September of the same year, after a long struggle, Zhu Houxuan succeeded in obtaining it for his father"Ruizong"temple number, and stay in the temple.
However, didn't Ming Chengzu Zhu Di enjoy the taste of sacrifice? Zhu Houjian said in the book "Mingtang or Wen" that Zhu Di has both the credit for establishing the trusteeship and the restoration of the gods, and he should also be called the ancestor, not only in the temple'Master of the World', also enjoyed the suburban sacrifice with his great-grandfather Zhu Yuanzhang and another ancestor, and the same is true of Ming Taizu Chengzu Zhu Di.
In April of the twentieth year of Jiajing (1541), the Confucian Temple in Beijing broke out again, and Ming Shizong took the opportunity to rebuild the Confucian Temple, and said that this was because he did not want to separate the family to worship his ancestors after the fire, so he rebuilt the system of the same room, and listed his father as a person who was naturally in the temple, but during this period he had to be crowded with his brother Zhu Yousong and could not enjoy the treatment of the same room.
In June of the twenty-fourth year of Jiajing (1545), the new temple was completed, and Zhu Houjian personally formulated a plan for building the temple"Do not establish the order of Zhaomu, do not establish the order of the world, only the order of ethics. The temple was built in the middle, the left Cheng, Xuan, Xian, Rui four prefaces, the right Ren, Ying, filial piety, Wu four prefaces"。Twenty-four years later, Zhu Houjian finally found a place for his father in Taimiao.