Seeing this topic, many people will say: sister-in-law, which means the son born in the main room. Yang Guang's mother is Queen Dugu, Li Shimin's mother is Queen Taimu, and Li Zhi's mother is Empress Changsun, all of whom are their father's original partners. How can they be concubines?
This is because, in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the definition of concubine was different from that of modern times.
I'm not talking about it, it's evidenced by historical data.
After Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian ascended the throne, Yang Yong, the eldest son of Empress Dugu, was appointed as the crown prince. However, the second son, Yang Guang, was eyeing the position of the crown prince, and through his superb acting skills, he successfully made Emperor Wen of Sui abolish Yang Yong and re-establish himself as the crown prince.
At that time, the young Fang Xuanling, after witnessing all this, quietly said to his father:Emperor Sui had no merit, but he bewitched Qianli, did not plan for the heirs, and mixed up with the ...... of his descendantsIt is not enough to protect the family and the country.
This passage comes from the biography of Fang Xuanling in the "Old Tang Book". Fang Xuanling means that Emperor Wen of Sui abolished Yang Yong and established Yang Guang, which belongs to abolishing the concubine and establishing the concubine, which is an act of confusing the concubine.
Even if Yang Guang is the son of Queen Dugu, he is still a concubine.
During the reign of Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the eldest son of Empress Changsun was appointed as the crown prince, but he preferred Li Tai, the second son of Empress Changsun, and once had the intention of abolishing Li Chengqian and changing Li Tai as the crown prince.
In this regard, the minister advised many times, saying that Li Tai was a concubine and Li Chengqian was a concubine, and asked Tang Taizong not to confuse his concubine.
Chu Suiliang said bitterly to Li Shimin:Those who know that there is a country must have a concubine, and although the concubine loves, he cannot pass the concubine.
This is to persuade Li Shimin that even if he loves his concubine Li Tai again, he will not be able to cross his sister-in-law Li Chengqian.
When Wei Zheng was seriously ill, Li Shimin went to visit the patient, Wei Zheng was on the hospital bed, and asked Li Shimin not to abolish the prince easily. Li Shimin promised Wei Zheng:My son has a broken foot. is still an eldest son. How can you give up your heirs?
It means that Li Shimin said that although Li Chengqian has a disabled foot, he is the eldest son of a real grandson, and he will definitely not abolish Li Chengqian and establish Li Tai.
When Chu Suiliang summed up his experience afterwards, he also said to Li Shimin:His Majesty used to establish Chengqian as the crown prince, and re-favored the King of Wei, and the number of etiquette may exceed that of Chengqian, and the good ones are not distinguished, so so far.
Here Li Tai is also called a concubine.
The classical Chinese quoted above are all from the "Old Tang Book" or "Tang Hui Yao".
What's going on? Yang Guang is obviously the son of Queen Dugu, and Li Tai is obviously the son of Empress Changsun, how can they be called concubines?
This can't be the people of the Sui and Tang dynasties, and they collectively mistook Yang Guang and Li Tai's biological mothers, right?
To explain this, we have to go back to the meaning of the word "son-in-law".
Sister-in-law, in the eyes of modern people, refers to the son born to the wife. But patriarchally, it refers to the son who inherits the family business.
According to the primogeniture inheritance system, the first son born to the main wife is naturally the one who inherits the family business, so it is natural that he is the son-in-law.
However, the other sons born to the main wife have no inheritance rights like the sons born to concubines, so they are all called concubines.
The "嫡" here is related to the inheritance of the family business and should not be confused.
This is also why, Tang Xuanzong's grandson, Li Jiao, the king of Guangping, is obviously not the son of Empress Xuanzong of Tang, and he himself is not the son of Li Heng's crown princess, but he is called the eldest grandson of Tang Xuanzong.
Because Li Heng is the crown prince, and Li Jiao is Li Heng's eldest son, Li Heng's crown princess had no children at that time, and it is naturally Li Li who will inherit the throne in the future. Therefore, Li Jiao is naturally a "grandson".
On this issue, in the Qing Dynasty's "Imperial Classics", there was also a **:The son of the ancient man is also cautious and strict, that is, the second son of the mother-in-law, which is the same as the concubine.
It means that the ancients were very strict when it came to concubines, even if it was the second son born to the mother, it was not a concubine, but a concubine.
Going back to our title, Yang Guang is the second son of Empress Dugu, Li Shimin is the second son of Empress Taimu, and Li Zhi is the third son of Empress Changsun. In the eyes of the Sui and Tang people, they are naturally concubines, not concubines.
Then, modern people's understanding of son-in-law: as long as it is a son born to a wife, it is a son-in-law. Is this wrong?
Strictly speaking, this is not considered wrong. BecauseDifferent dynasties have different understandings of concubines and concubines.
Although in the Sui and Tang dynasties, even the second son born to the wife was a concubine, but in the Ming Dynasty, when Zhu Yuanzhang wrote "Emperor Ming Zuxun", the meaning of the concubine and the concubine had changed.
In the original text of "Emperor Ming Zuxun", the words "second son-in-law" and "second son-in-law and concubine" appear many times, which is enough to show that in the Ming Dynasty, all the sons born to the wife have been called sons-in-law.
Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Imperial Dynasty Jingshi Wen Compilation" quoted above is also lamenting, the distinction between concubines and concubines in ancient times was strict, and the second sons born to their mothers were all concubines. The reason why the author is so emotional is because in the Qing Dynasty, the concubine was no longer divided in this way, but changed to as long as it was a son born to a wife, it was a son-in-law.
Therefore, when we say that Yang Guang, Li Shimin, and Li Zhi are sons-in-law, people in the Sui and Tang dynasties will inevitably say that we are not divided into concubines, but according to the understanding of concubines after the Ming Dynasty, it makes sense.
Just,Film and television dramas and ** in the Sui and Tang dynasties, don't make the low-level mistake of saying Yang Guang, Li Shimin, and Li Zhi as sisters-in-law. In our daily sharing, we don't need to be so rigorous, but in historical film and television dramas and **, we still need to seriously study the evidence.
Don't you say?
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