Core Reading.
Comprehensively deepening reform and opening up has continued to advance in breadth and depth, injecting inexhaustible impetus into Chinese-style modernization and promoting solid steps in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. With a strong determination to carry out reform to the end, we should make overall plans to promote in-depth reform and high-level opening-up, resolutely break down all institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the smooth progress of Chinese-style modernization, and constantly expand the development space of Chinese-style modernization.
The first economic work conference held at the end of last year proposed: "We must insist on relying on reform and opening up to enhance the endogenous driving force of development, promote in-depth reform and high-level opening up in a coordinated manner, and constantly liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality." "This is a regular understanding of doing a good job in economic work in the new era, and we must earnestly study, deeply understand, and implement, and continue to promote the comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up.
In 2023, China's reform and opening up will be promoted in depth and new achievements will be achieved.
2023 is the first year for the full implementation of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the year for economic recovery after the three-year transition of new crown epidemic prevention and control. With Comrade Wu as the core, we will unite and lead the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to withstand external pressure, overcome internal difficulties, and promote reform and opening up in depth.
The first is to deepen the reform of party and state institutions. For example, the establishment of the Financial Commission and the Financial Working Committee, the establishment of the Science and Technology Committee, the establishment of the Ministry of Social Work, the establishment of the Hong Kong and Macao Work Office, the establishment of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the reorganization of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the establishment of the State Administration of Financial Supervision and Administration, the deepening of the reform of the local financial regulatory system, the improvement of the state-owned financial capital management system, the establishment of the National Data Bureau, and so on. The second is to promote the innovation of the scientific and technological system. **The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and passed the "Opinions on Strengthening the Main Position of Enterprises in Scientific and Technological Innovation", which made the overall deployment of the whole chain of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation, and promoted the formation of an innovation system with enterprises as the main body and efficient collaboration and deep integration of industry, education and research, and promoted enterprises to play a role in key core technological innovation and major original technological breakthroughs. The third is to deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises. **The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the "Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Management of the State-owned Economy and Strongly Supporting the Chinese-style Modernization", based on the mission, tasks and functional positioning of the state-owned economy in the new era and new journey, and building a state-owned economic management system with top-level overall planning, clear rights and responsibilities, efficient operation and strong supervision. Fourth, promote the development and growth of the private economy. The "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy" was promulgated, and the "1+N" policy system was formed to further optimize the environment for the development of the private economyEstablish a private economic development bureau within the National Development and Reform Commission to strengthen the overall coordination of policies in relevant fields. Fifth, promote the construction of the market system. **The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and passed the "Implementation Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas Market System and Improving the National Oil and Gas Safety and Security Capacity" to standardize the oil and gas market order and promote fair competitionThe "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Electric Power System and Accelerating the Construction of a New Power System" was reviewed and adopted, and on the basis of the safe and reliable substitution of new energy, there is a plan to gradually reduce the proportion of traditional energy step by step. Sixth, deepen agricultural and rural reform. **The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and passed the "Implementation Plan for Deepening Rural Reform", focusing on consolidating and improving the basic rural management system, improving the food security guarantee system, improving the system and mechanism for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, and improving the policy system for urban-rural integration development, so that the majority of farmers can have more sense of gain in the reform. Seventh, we will further open up to the outside world. The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the "Opinions on Building a New System of a Higher Level of Open Economy and Promoting the Construction of a New Development Pattern", deepened the reform of the system and mechanism in the field of investment, and expanded market access** Issued the "Overall Plan for Comprehensively Aligning with International High-standard Economic and Trade Rules to Promote High-level Institutional Opening-up in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Zone", which requires the first to build an institutional system and regulatory model that is connected with high-standard economic and trade rules within the planning scope of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, and approves and agrees to the "Work Plan for Supporting Beijing to Deepen the Construction of a Comprehensive Demonstration Zone for the Expansion and Opening-up of the National Service Industry" to promote the high-level opening up and high-quality development of the service industryChina (Xinjiang) Freedom Pilot Zone was inaugurated;China announced eight actions to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. Eighth, promote the reform of the ecological civilization system. **The meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and passed the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Zoning Control of the Ecological Environment", implemented the strategy of the main functional zones, connected the land spatial planning and use control, and scientifically guided all kinds of development, protection and construction activitiesThe "Opinions on Promoting the Dual Control of Energy Consumption and Gradually Shifting to the Dual Control of Carbon Emissions" were reviewed and adopted, and the dual control system of energy consumption was improved, the regulation and control methods were optimized and improved, and the energy conservation work was done at a higher level and higher quality.
We will continue to deepen reform and opening up in an all-round way, continuously advance in breadth and depth, constantly liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, inject inexhaustible impetus into Chinese-style modernization, and make solid strides in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
Deeply understand the importance of further deepening reform and opening up.
Promoting Chinese-style modernization is an exploratory undertaking, and there are still many uncharted areas, which require us to boldly explore in practice and promote the development of the cause through reform and innovation. At present, profound and complex changes have taken place in the domestic and foreign environment facing China's development, and we must promote reform and opening up with greater determination and intensity, so as to fully release the huge potential and strong momentum of China's development.
The need to promote high-quality development. High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and it is necessary to further deepen reform and expand opening-up to provide impetus for it. After more than 40 years of development, the traditional momentum supporting China's economic growth has gradually weakened, the traditional development model is difficult to sustain, there are blockages in the domestic cycle, and the quality and level of the international cycle need to be improved. It is necessary to seek impetus for deepening reform, break down deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and total factor productivity, and smooth the domestic economic cycleIt is necessary to be vigorous in expanding opening-up, promote reform, development and innovation through opening-up, and provide institutional guarantees for promoting high-quality development.
The need to implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand. Expanding domestic demand is an inevitable choice to build a new development pattern and grasp the initiative in development. At present, insufficient effective demand is still the main factor restricting China's economic recovery, and there are still many blockages in the system and mechanism that restrict the release of domestic demand potential. For example, market expectations are unstable and dynamic, there is a large gap between urban and rural development and income distribution, and there are shortcomings in people's livelihood security. We must deepen reform and opening up, improve the effective system for expanding domestic demand, and effectively bring into play the advantages of China's super-large-scale market.
The need to prevent and resolve risks and keep the bottom line. China's economy is rebounding and high-quality development is steadily advancing, but there are still many risks and hidden dangers, such as real estate, local debt, small and medium-sized financial institutions and other risks intertwined and affected each other in recent years. It is necessary to deepen reform and continuously improve the system and mechanism for preventing and resolving major risks, so as to provide institutional guarantees for maintaining the bottom line of preventing systemic risks.
It is necessary to realize self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology and take the initiative in international competition. Innovation is an inexhaustible driving force for sustained economic growth. China has entered the ranks of innovative countries, but there are still problems such as weak innovation ability, especially original innovation ability, key core technology is controlled by others, and scientific research and economic ties are not close. In the face of the complexity, severity and uncertainty of China's economic development environment, only by transforming external pressure into a powerful driving force for comprehensively deepening reform and expanding opening up, promoting comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, and enhancing core competitiveness and comprehensive national strength, can we grasp the initiative and remain invincible in the fierce international competition.
Conscientiously implement the key tasks of comprehensively deepening reform and opening up.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and a crucial year for achieving the goals and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan. The first economic work conference held at the end of last year proposed: "It is necessary to plan major measures to further deepen reform in an all-round way". With a strong determination to carry out reform to the end, we should make overall plans to promote in-depth reform and high-level opening-up, resolutely remove all institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the smooth progress of Chinese-style modernization, and constantly expand the development space of Chinese-style modernization.
Improve the effective mechanism for expanding domestic demand. Promote the reform of the consumption sector, and promote the transformation of automobile and other consumption from purchase management to use management. We will build an endogenous growth mechanism for investment, improve the investment and financing mechanism, implement a new mechanism for social capital cooperation, and support social capital to participate in the construction of new infrastructure and other fields. Improve relevant basic systems and accelerate the construction of a new model of real estate development. Weave a solid social security net and improve the social assistance system by level and category. Accelerate the improvement of the system of childbirth support policies.
Speed up the construction of a unified national market. Accelerate the improvement of basic systems in areas such as market access, property rights protection and transactions, data and information, and social credit, actively and steadily advance reforms in key areas such as finance, taxation, and statistics, increase the intensity of pioneering and pilot explorations, and establish various systems and rules that are conducive to the construction of a unified national market. Carry out in-depth special rectification of issues such as market segmentation and local protection, increase the intensity of reporting typical cases, and remove all kinds of obstacles and hindrances that are not conducive to the construction of a unified national market.
Continuously improve the implementation of the "two unswerving" system and mechanism. We should unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public economy, and fully stimulate the endogenous motivation and innovative vitality of all kinds of business entities. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and thoroughly implement the deepening and upgrading of the reform of state-owned enterprises, so as to enhance core functions and improve core competitiveness. Implement a number of measures in market access, access to factors, fair law enforcement, protection of rights and interests, etc., effectively optimize the development environment of private enterprises, and promote the development and growth of private enterprises.
Deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system. Improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the deep integration of industry, university and research led by enterprises, and improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Improve the new first-class system and strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Encourage the development of venture capital and equity investment. Open up the channel from science and technology to industry, form a virtuous circle of "science and technology-industry-finance", and promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain.
Promote the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. Actively and prudently plan to promote a new round of fiscal and taxation system reform, improve the modern budget system, optimize the tax structure, and improve the fiscal transfer payment system. Deepen the reform of the mechanism for the allocation and use of financial science and technology funds. Improve the first green procurement system. We should pay close attention to the reform of financial management and improve the efficiency of fiscal governance. Establish a long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving local debt risks, and effectively prevent and resolve local debt risks.
Deepen the reform of the financial system. Optimize the financing structure, better play the role of the capital market hub, promote the deepening and implementation of the first-class issuance and registration system, develop diversified equity financing, improve the quality of listed companies, and cultivate first-class investment banks and investment institutions. Improve the positioning of institutions, support large state-owned financial institutions to become better and stronger, strict access standards and regulatory requirements for small and medium-sized financial institutions, carry out characteristic operations, strengthen the functional positioning of policy-based financial institutions, and give full play to the functions of the insurance industry as an economic shock absorber and social stabilizer. Improve corporate governance, improve the system of modern financial enterprises with Chinese characteristics, and improve the management of state-owned financial capital.
Promote urban-rural integration and coordinated regional development. The promotion of new urbanization and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas should be organically combined, the two-way flow of various elements should be promoted, and the construction of new urbanization with county towns as important carriers should be promoted, so as to form a new pattern of urban-rural integrated development. We should explore the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, and improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the interest compensation mechanism for major producing areas. We should give prominence to the urbanization of the rural migrant population, deepen the reform of the rural land system, relax the restrictions on urban settlement except for a few megacities, and improve the system for providing basic public services in the areas of permanent residence.
Expand high-level opening up. Accelerate the cultivation of new momentum for foreign trade, consolidate the basic market of foreign trade and foreign investment, and expand the export of intermediate goods, services, digital, and cross-border e-commerce. Relax market access for service industries such as telecommunications and medical care, benchmark against international high-standard economic and trade rules, earnestly solve issues such as cross-border data flow and equal participation in procurement, continue to build a market-oriented, law-based, and international first-class business environment, and build the "Invest in China" brand. We should do a good job in supporting the implementation of the eight actions of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. Accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Port.
Improve the system and mechanism of green and low-carbon development. Improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, and improve the compensation system for ecological protection. Implement the reform of the collective forest tenure system, further promote the "separation of three rights" of collective forest land, and further improve the property rights system. Adjust and optimize the harvesting system, expand the ways to increase the value of forest rights, promote the continuous increase of farmers' income, and promote the high-quality development of forestry. Improve the formation mechanism of new energy feed-in tariffs, strengthen the consumption and utilization of renewable energy, and promote the gradual transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions。
The author is deputy director of the Economic Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference).
*: People**).