On September 9, 1976, the great people's leader *** died of illness at the age of 83.
In this year, although his body was extremely weak, he still supported his body, cared about the motherland, and fought for the people he loved until the last moment - when the chairman was dying, he gave him a difficult historical task. But what the chairman didn't expect was thatThis historical task has not been completed even for the rest of his life.
** with ***
So, what kind of historical task did ** give? What is the real reason for failing to complete the will? Today, this episode tells you about:The last wishes and the turning point of history
"Do you know Magang, it's not my real surname, I've been away from you for too long, mother ......”Whenever I read Mr. Wen Yiduo's "Song of the Seven Sons", I feel sentimental in my heart. In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, surrounded by foreign powers and suffering from the suffering of the people, modern China was forced to give up the old lands of Hong Kong, Macao and other countries. These children in the arms of the motherland have spent hundreds of years of vicissitudes once they have been separated from the land of China.
Among them, the loss of Hong Kong is particularly indelible in the hearts of the Chinese people. Year 1842,The decaying Manchu dynasty signed the first unequal treaty in Chinese history: the Treaty of NanjingSince then, Hong Kong has been separated from the land of China. The suffering and sinking of the Chinese people in modern times also began from here.
**Work on the case).
In fact, the historical Hong Kong region was not ceded to Britain through just one "Treaty of Nanjing". Rather, it is divided into:The Treaty of Piercing the Nose, the Treaty of Nanjing, and the Treaty of Beijingwith"Extension of Hong Kong Boundary Sites".and several other unequal treaties, which gradually fell into British colonial rule - the gradual sinking of Hong Kong is also a historical microcosm of modern China's gradual move towards a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to reverse the deficit, Britain did not hesitate to smuggle a large amount of opium to China and poison the Chinese people. Lin Zexu, a minister of the Qing court, and others deeply felt the harm of opium poisoning, and repeatedly advised Emperor Daoguang to strictly prohibit opium. In 1839, Lin Zexu arrested illegal opium merchants in the Humen area and burned a large number of foreign merchants' opium, which was known as "Humen Tobacco Sales" in history.
In 1840, the arrogant British powers took the Chinese people's just anti-drug cause as the fuse and brazenly launched a colonial war of aggression against China, known as the "Opium War". 1On January 24, 841, the British army occupied Hong Kong Island, and the Qing army, which had lost its fighting spirit, began to negotiate peace with the British army, and the two sides signed the "Treaty of Piercing the Nose".Temporarily cede Hong Kong Island to the British.
However, the greed of the British army and the instability of the Daoguang Emperor made the "Piercing Treaty" a dead letter, and the two sides went to war again. The Qing army, which had been defeated before, was still defeated by the British in the second battle. The two sides signed a peace treaty at Nanking on 29 August 1842, confirming British colonial rule over Hong Kong IslandSince then, Hong Kong Island has fallen under British colonial rule, known as the "Treaty of Nanjing".
The site of the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing).
In 1856, the British army, not satisfied with the results of the invasion, used the "Yarrow Incident" as an excuse to wage war against the Qing Dynasty again, known as the "Second Opium War". In this battle, the Qing Dynasty was still defeated by the British army. The two sides signed the Treaty of Peking on October 18, 1860, which incorporated the Kowloon Peninsula into the Hong Kong Concession and ceded it to the British.
In 1895, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War. The imperial powers saw the nature of the Qing Dynasty's intrigues, and at the end of the 19th century, they set off a frenzy to carve up China. On June 9, 1898, on the grounds of "ensuring the security of the Hong Kong Concession", Britain forced Qing ** to sign the "Special Article on the Extension of the Hong Kong Boundary". The Hong Kong Concession was transferred to the New Territories of the Shenzhen River, and 235 large and small affiliated islands were leased to the British for a period of 99 years.
Since then, the scope of the Hong Kong Concession has been largely determined. The people living there have suffered nearly a hundred years of colonial sufferingThis is not only the "pain of the death of the country" borne by the local people, but also a humiliating scar in China's century-old modern history. The recovery of the Hong Kong concession is the historical trend of national reunification, and it is also the long-cherished historical wish of the Chinese people to stand tall among the nations of the world.
February 12, 1912The Xinhai Revolution overthrew the feudal rule of the decaying Manchu dynasty. However, the *** led by Sun Yat-sen was afraid of the interference of the foreign powers in the revolutionAll unequal treaties relating to Hong Kong, including the Treaty of Nanjing, were recognized.
On September 2, 1945, the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression greatly increased China's international prestige. During the Second World War, Hong Kong was once occupied by the Japanese army. As a result, the public's call to take the opportunity to take back Hong Kong is growing louder and louder – but how can the cowardly and incompetent, comprador Chiang dynasty, which relies on British and American capital, dare to go against its own masters? Facing British Prime Minister Winston Churchill"Let Hong Kong always be under the rule of the sun".'s crazy shouting, the Jiang family's father and son could only make promises and swallow their anger.
Chiang Kai-shek, who was frugal and obedient to the imperialist powers, was another domineering face to the Chinese:June 26, 1946Chiang Kai-shek ignored the people's call for peaceBrazen civil war - the war of liberation broke out from there.
How could the Kuomintang army, which was already corrupt to the bone, be the opponent of the Chinese People's Liberation Army? In the face of the overwhelming People's Liberation Army, both the Chinese and the rest of the world realized that Chiang Kai-shek's general trend was gone. As for the future of China, Britain, the United States and other countries with colonial interests in China are particularly concerned。During the War of Liberation, Britain and the United States sent foreign correspondents to China to interview how they planned to deal with the future issue of Hong Kong, China.
** with foreign correspondents).
In the face of questions from Western reporters, ** replied cautiously and seriously: "China will never give up the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and other places, but we do not want to take back Hong Kong immediatelyIt is to temporarily use it as a window for our foreign exchanges with Western countries. I believe that the Hong Kong issue can be resolved in a peaceful way! ”
This answer has reassured the British and American countries that are worried about the future fate of Hong Kong, and has also made the world more aware of our peace-loving party. From 1946 to 1949, the War of Liberation did not encounter large-scale external interference, and the foreign expression and mediation played an immeasurable role.
**With American Journalists**).
On October 1, 1949, he stood on the Tiananmen Tower and solemnly announced the founding of the People's Republic of China to the people of the world. Immediately, ** immediately announced the three major foreign policies of New China:That is, start a new stove, pour it over and clean the house before treating.
The so-called starting from scratch refers to the belief that the diplomacy between New China and other countries in the world should be based on independence, and that New China does not recognize all unequal treaties signed by the Qing Dynasty and Chiang Kai-shek regimes with foreign countries; One-sided, it means that China will unswervingly follow the socialist line; And cleaning the house before entertaining is referring to the fact that the new China under the leadership of *** does not recognize all the unequal treaties imposed on China by the imperialist powers.
Leader of the People***
Under the leadership of the three major foreign policies, New China actually did not recognize the historical imposition of Britain on the Chinese peopleThe Treaty of Nanjing, the Treaty of Beijing and the Treaty on the Extension of the Boundary of Hong Kong, which indicatesThe historical attitude of the People's Republic of China in resolutely exercising Hong Kong's sovereignty.
Internationally, it has paved the way for the smooth return of Hong Kong and made a lot of efforts to it。On 25 October 1971, the United Nations adopted Resolution 2758Shortly after the return of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations. China's diplomatic team, under the guidance of ***, put the matter of China's return to Hong Kong on the agenda.
China's return to the United Nations).
The diplomatic delegation headed by Huang Hua solemnly put forward the view that "Hong Kong is not a British colony at all" at the United Nations, thus expressing China's attitude of exercising Hong Kong's sovereignty.
Huang Hua said:"Hong Kong and Macao have always been part of China's territory, and were not terra nullius or under Chinese rule before their British occupation, and the question of Hong Kong and Macao has always been a matter of China's internal sovereignty, and it is not appropriate to include the Hong Kong question in the scope of colonies. ”
November 8, 1972The 27th session of the United Nations Congress voted on the issue of Hong Kong, China, and the final vote was passed by 99 votes in favor and 7 votes against. The large and small documents of the United Nations have been revised to the previous willThe erroneous mention of Hong Kong, Macao and other places being included in the category of colonies laid an international legal basis for China's subsequent recovery of Hong Kong.
Huang Hua of the Chinese diplomatic delegation).
However, just as the Chinese diplomatic delegation has frequent good news, the life of the Chinese people is about to come to an end.
In 1976, when he was dying, he once again expressed his wish to recover Hong Kong, China as soon as possible. With the death of *** and the holding of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee two years later, the historical baton of recovering Hong Kong and other places was transferred to the hands of ***.
In the face of the historical mission entrusted by the Chinese people, the son of the Chinese people has been sleeping all night, always striving for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland until the last moment of his life. In September 1982, at the invitation of the Chinese side, then British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher visited ChinaThe negotiations on the Hong Kong issue opened the prelude to the negotiations between China and Britain on the Hong Kong issue.
** with Thatcher).
In many negotiations with China, Thatcher, who had just won the Anglo-Argentine Falklands War, was complacent, claiming to be a victor, wanting to establish British colonial rule in Hong Kong. In this regard, ** sternly refused, he said:
I believe that the issue of a country's sovereignty is not within the scope of discussion and concession. The Chinese people are always looking forward to the return of Hong Kong, and China will definitely be able to take back Hong Kong, and the Chinese leader is not Li Hongzhang! ”
*** in Sino-British negotiations
Subsequently, *** during the talks said a meaningful word to Thatcher:"The Chinese people have never been afraid of war! ”
The firmness of China's leaders and the Chinese people to take back Hong Kong came as a surprise to Thatcher. At the end of the meeting with ***, this nameThe British Prime Minister, known as the "Iron Lady", staggered and left the venue in despair with the support of everyone.
Thatcher who fell in the negotiation room).
On December 19, 1984, China and Britain signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Hong Kong Question in Beijing, formally deciding to resolve the Hong Kong issue peacefully. On June 12, 1985, China and the United Kingdom** sent the Joint Declaration to the United Nations.
However, time flies, and the years are not forgiving - one***, who promoted Hong Kong's return to the motherland, passed away on the eve of Hong Kong's return to China at the age of 92.
**) 5 months after his death, the founding day of the party in 1997 - Hong Kong, which had been away from the motherland for a hundred years, finally returned to the arms of his mother. Seeing the entry of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the departure of the British Royal Navy from the sea, countless people who witnessed the historical moment burst into tears.
Hong Kong's return to the motherland is inseparable from the joint efforts of the two of them, and this revolutionary spirit passed down from generation to generation is the reason why the Chinese nation is alive and well today. This spark of determination to build the motherland into a better place is destined to be remembered by the people forever and passed on from generation to generation!