Why did China have to go to the mountains and go to the countryside ? Chairman Mao was really thoug

"Young intellectuals go to the countryside and receive education from the poor and middle peasants."

So,Why did we advocate that intellectual youth "go to the mountains and go to the countryside" at that time? How have thousands of Chinese youths influenced and changed the face of China's countryside? Today, this episode will take you to review that period of history and revisit New China and"The old three".of youth.

Intellectual youth who went to the mountains and went to the countryside).

Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote such a poem:"On paper, I finally feel shallow, and I never know that I have to do it. ”In this regard, ** deeply agrees:The best way to see if a student's knowledge is solid is to put what they have learned into practice。Sixty years ago, in the era of the great construction and development of the motherland, young people chose to go to the mountains and go to the countryside, which was the best exercise for their own knowledge.

And the *** who led China's revolution and construction is actually an intellectual young man who came out of the countryside. In the 20s of the 20th century, when the National Revolution was in full swing, almost most of the revolutionaries focused their attention on the countryside. ** became a "retrograde" of that era, went to the vast countryside of Hunan to investigate and exercise, and wrote out the direction of China's future revolutionary road"Hunan Agricultural Action Investigation Report".withAnalysis of Chinese Social Strata", proposed"The countryside surrounds the city, and the armed seizure of power".and eventually became the banner that guided China to the victory of the revolution.

Jiangxi Ruijin period of ***

However, without such a period of personal practice and tempering among the people and the people, it would have been difficult to arrive at such a truth. So, ** is in his again"Against Essentialism".The article proposes:Without investigation, there is no voice; Without scientific investigation, there is no right to speak! -- Approaching the countryside and the masses was an ideal way to understand China's national conditions as an agrarian country at that time.

The first person who walked out of the countryside on the road of revolutionary victory not only set an example in front of the party members and the masses, but also demanded his family more strictly: in 1946, Mao Anying, who had been studying in the Soviet Union for many years, returned to Yan'an by plane. A few days after the father and son reunited, ** found Mao Anying and said to him seriously:"It's not okay to just drink foreign ink abroad and go to university. You also need to go to the universities of the masses to further your studies and receive education from the peasants. ”

Mao Anying and ***

Therefore, Mao Anying arrived soon afterLinxian County, ShanxiHe presided over the work of land reform, worked with the peasants, ate and lived together. During this period,Mao Anying is incognito, and any treatment is the same as that of ordinary people in the local area. This educational experience of the "mass university" deeply shocked Mao Anying, and this eventually made him a proletarian fighter like his father.

Although *** can be called the first intellectual youth in China's "going to the mountains and going to the countryside". However, let *** advocate young people to go to the mountains and go to the countryside 60 years ago,In addition to his personal life experience, what is more important is the complex historical background at that time, both domestic and international, which contributed to the profound changes in China's population flow and economic structure at that time.

One of them was that there was one in the world at that time"Go to the mountains and go to the countryside"., a model of successful rural construction, and this country isUSSR。As early as 1954, the Soviet Union launched a large-scale "reclamation" campaign. However, unlike the previous migrant reclamation in the Soviet Union, in the 50s the urban youth of the Soviet Union became the main body of reclamation. A large number of people have scientific knowledge and urban vision in their mindsSoviet intellectuals came to the vast Soviet countryside and brought to the countryside a large number of factors of urban industrialization, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and tractors, which led to the rapid development of agriculture in the Soviet Union at that time, which once freed the Soviet Union from the food crisis in the 50s.

Intellectual young women on Soviet farms).

The first believes that this initiative of the Soviet Union at that time is indeed worthy of our learning and reference. At the same time, the progress and development of neighboring countries have also aroused the enthusiasm of the Chinese people for construction. 1955, Beijing YouthYang Hua, Li Binghengand others proposed to the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League to go to the border areas to reclaim wasteland, and became the first batch of intellectual youths in New China to "go to the mountains and go to the countryside". **After hearing this, I was very happy to say:"The countryside is a vast world, and you can do a lot of things there. ”And this has also become a rallying cry for more young people to approach the countryside and the people.

Another international factor influencing the advocacy of intellectual youth to "go to the mountains and go to the countryside" was the strategy of "peaceful evolution" proposed by Western countries at that time. In the 50s of the 20th century,US Congressman Dulles proposed a plan for the "peaceful evolution" of the Soviet Union and other communist countries in the world, and the first to bear the brunt is the young generation who were born under the red flag and grew up in the spring breeze. The best way to protect the youth from the corruption of bourgeois ideology is to let them go close to the then underdeveloped villages, understand the sufferings of the common people, and temper themselves into proletarian fighters who are like iron. And in the late 60s-70s of the 20th century,The Brezhnev regime in the Soviet Union gradually showed signs of corruption and degeneration, it has strengthened the determination of the majority of intellectual young people to "go to the mountains and go to the countryside".

Intellectual youth who went to the mountains and went to the countryside).

The internal factor that prompted the vast number of young people to go to the mountains and countryside was the economic development of China's industry and agriculture at that time: after the first five-year plan, by 1956 China had achieved the three major socialist transformations and the initial socialist industrialization. At the same time, however, attention was also paid to the imbalance in the development ratio between industry and agriculture, heavy industry and light industry during the First Five-Year Plan period. **Presented at the time:"Agriculture and industry must be grasped with both hands, and the economy must be walked on two legs. ”The workers who produce machine tools and tractors for China in urban factories also need food from farmers in rural fields. Therefore, when the development of industrialization is about to bring a tide of urbanization to China, the "intellectual youth go to the mountains and go to the countryside" to ensure the young and strong labor force engaged in agriculture in the countryside, thus providing a firm labor foundation for the balanced development of China's industry and agriculture and urban and rural construction.

Under the combined effect of a variety of historical and social factors, the migration of China's intellectual youth to the countryside began in 1955 and reached its peak in the mid-60s of the 20th century. According to statistics, inIn the decade from the 60s to the 70s of the 20th century, a total of 16 million young intellectuals and one-tenth of the urban population migrated to the countryside, thus profoundly changing the development of China's rural areas.

The primary impact of intellectual youth going to the countryside on the development of China's rural areasIt was to reclaim vast tracts of wasteland for the countryside and remote areas of China. In 1955, more than 60 young people in Beijing, led by Yang Hua, went from the city to the countryside, becoming the first batch of intellectual youths in the history of New China who chose to "go to the mountains and go to the countryside". Subsequently,This group of intellectual youths then appeared on the land of Heilongjiang and became a new force in the reclamation of the "Great Northern Wilderness". In Heilongjiang in addition to the first batch of young people who went to the countryside in the history of New China in 1955, another representative is the famous Luobei County Farm in Heilongjiang: the young people who went to the mountains and countryside here reclaimed 1,200 acres of wastelandThe following year it produced 1350,000 kilograms of grain and 300,000 catties of vegetables, and also built dormitories and canteens in the local area, turning the once barren land into a big granary of China.

At that time, the young people who chose to go to the mountains and countryside not only brought newly reclaimed land to China's rural and remote areas, but also brought many elements of urban industrialization into the countryside, contributing to the simultaneous modernization of China's rural and urban areas - chemical fertilizers, pesticides, coal, modern education and medical systems and other modern elements began to be popularized in the vast Chinese countryside, changing the closed appearance of the countryside in the past. As a result, China's rural and urban areas have been constructed into a whole of development. Among them, the most representative is the "barefoot doctors" who went into the Chinese countryside, and the emergence of these barefoot doctors has helped rural farmers solve the problem of difficult and expensive medical treatment in the cityAt the same time, it also solved the schistosomiasis and pork tapeworm disease that had plagued rural China for a long time at that time, which made China's average life expectancy from 35 years before the founding of New ChinaIn the 70s of the 20th century, it grew to 62 years old.

A barefoot doctor who went up the mountain to the countryside).

In addition to the impact on China's rural economy, the generation of Chinese young people who chose to go to the mountains and countryside at that time also made indelible contributions to the development of China's national defense. 1969 yearTreasure Island self-defense counterattackAfter the end, in the face of the nuclear blackmail of our country by the USSR, ** proposed"Dig deep holes, accumulate grain, and do not compete for hegemony".The three-line construction strategy. Young people in rural and remote areas have once again become a new force in the construction of the third line. During this period, the Production and Construction Corps sprung up in China, from 1969 to 1970A total of 10 new construction corps have emerged in China, including Inner Mongolia, Lanzhou, Guangzhou, and Jiangsu, which have become the existence of local defense of hometowns, peasants and soldiersIt also became a force that made the world hegemon at that time dare not covet our country.

Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in the 70s).

In the 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,It was precisely because of these 16 million young intellectuals who went to the countryside that the face of China's countryside at that time was changed. At the same time, it was precisely because of the hardships of going to the mountains and going to the countryside that the 16 million young intellectuals at that time finally became the backbone of the construction and development of the later republic.

At the end of the 70s of the 20th century, with the advent of the spring breeze of reform and the surge of labor required for urban industrialization, the movement of China's intellectual youth to go to the mountains and countryside gradually came to an end, but it also left an evocative afterword in history that is still evocative today.

Today, we can still understand that magnificent history through many literary and artistic works, and relive the youth of New China and the "old three": Liang Xiaosheng"There is a Storm Tonight", Wang Xiaobo's "** Era", Shi Tiesheng's "My Distant Qingping Bay"., are all portrayals of the style of young people who went to the mountains and went to the countryside in that era. Through their literary works, people can look back on those eventful years. And these writers have also ascended to the altar of literature and art because of their literary works that reflect the times.

Intellectual youth who went to the mountains and went to the countryside).

It is undeniable that at that time, there were also a considerable number of young intellectuals who went to the mountains and went to the countryside to miss the treatment they should have in the city and the opportunity to continue their educationBut it was precisely because of the dedication of a generation and the selfless dedication of the young people at that time that the Chinese countryside at that time changed its own appearanceand laid a solid foundation for the development and prosperity of rural China today. In this regard, history will not forget their selfless exploits, and in the hearts of the people, they will never forget the efforts of these predecessors.

The spirit of young intellectuals going to the mountains and going to the countryside is still inspiring the new generation of Chinese young people to choose to teach in the depths of the mountains and to defend the frontier of the motherland in the desertAt the age when blood should be boiling, contribute to the country and the people with their own strength. As long as the new generation of Chinese youth has the spirit of struggle, no matter when and where, they will surely open up a world of their own in the future.

College students engaged in the Western Program).

And this spirit is also like a poem to my father when I was young.

The child is determined to go out of the country, and he vows not to return if he can't learn to become famous.

Why bury bones, there are green mountains everywhere in life.