In 1626, the Ming general Yuan Chonghuan introduced Western cannons to defend Ningyuan City, causing heavy losses to the Eight Banners Army. This war made the Later Jin (the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty) realize the importance of artillery in the war and promoted the positive development of heavy firepower. The Shenwei General Cannon was a self-made cannon type in the Ming Dynasty, and although the design was relatively bulky, it was gradually improved and eliminated in the early Qing Dynasty. In contrast, the red-coat cannon is an improved Western cannon type, with a more reasonable design and greater power, and has become the prototype of the cannon independently developed by the Qing Dynasty.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the red-coated cannon gradually evolved into the Hongyi cannon, and continued to improve during the Kangxi period. Shenwei Invincible General Cannon is one of them, with a more reasonable design and great power, and has become a typical representative of the cannon independently developed by the Qing Dynasty. This type of cannon played a key role in all battles, especially in the Battle of Yaksa and the crusade against Kaldan. The Shenwei General Cannon is a type of red-coat cannon, although it is relatively low in range and power, but it also plays a certain role under specific conditions.
The Wucheng Yonggu General Cannon was cast in the 28th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty by the Belgian missionary Nan Huairen, and was made of bronze material, which became a kind of heavy artillery equipped by the army at that time. Despite its large scale, the use of gunpowder and pig iron shells, after a long period of use, it gradually lost its technical competitiveness and was not effectively improved.
Overall, these types of artillery played an important role in the early Qing Dynasty and had a profound impact on warfare. Due to the long absence of technical upgrades, these guns gradually lagged behind the development of the times. Over time, the Qing army gradually introduced more advanced artillery technology, creating conditions for the improvement of military strength. This history not only shows the evolution of military technology, but also reflects the development and changes of society.
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