Guo Yongtian: Build high-standard farmland and turn more grain fields into fertile fields
Rural revitalization. 
Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production. If the land does not exist, the grain will be attached? In order to do a good job in the stable and safe supply of grain and other important agricultural products and stabilize China's rice bowl, it is necessary to do a good job in cultivating land. While guarding the red line of cultivated land protection, in recent years, China has vigorously built high-standard farmland and improved its comprehensive grain production capacity. What is the significance of high-standard farmland construction to ensure national food security? What have been achieved? Why raise the bar for inputs? In this regard, the reporter interviewed Guo Yongtian, director of the Department of Farmland Construction and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Reporter: What is the overall situation of cultivated land in China? What role will high-standard farmland play in ensuring national food security and promoting a bumper grain harvest? Guo Yongtian:The natural endowment of cultivated land resources in China is relatively poor, the overall quality of cultivated land is not high, the proportion of good matching of light, hot water and soil is not high, there are many sloping cultivated land and fragmented cultivated land, and the soil is relatively barren, coupled with the changes in the spatial layout of cultivated land caused by the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, and the degradation of cultivated land quality in local areas caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with high input and high output. A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and only when agriculture is strong can the country be strong. Vigorously stepping up the construction of high-standard farmland and gradually turning all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland is a major matter that benefits the present and manages the long-term, and is of great significance to building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Practice shows that through the construction of high-standard farmland, the output capacity of cultivated land will be greatly improved, and the grain production capacity can generally be increased by 10%-20%; The ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters will be significantly enhanced, drought can be watered, waterlogging can be drained, and production will be reduced by major disasters, production will not be reduced by small disasters, and more bumper harvests will be achieved without disasters; The resource utilization efficiency will be significantly improved, and the utilization rate of fertilizer, medicine and water will generally increase by 15%-30%; The comprehensive benefits of agriculture will be significantly improved, and the average cost and efficiency increase per mu of high-standard farmland will be more than 500 yuan. From the perspective of stable grain production and supply, the effective improvement of farmland quality can make up for the shortcomings of the relatively insufficient amount of cultivated land in China, and let more grain fields become fertile fields, which can effectively solve the resource constraint bottleneck of more people and less land and lack of water. Our country is expected to put 15All 4.6 billion mu of permanent basic farmland have been built into high-standard farmland, and 45.5 billion mu of high-standard farmland has been built, and the foundation for food security will be more solid. In addition, the construction of high-standard farmland can effectively stimulate domestic demand, which is an important way to broaden farmers' employment channels and increase farmers' income. Reporter: The scale of China's high-standard farmland construction continues to expand and the layout continues to be optimized. In recent years, what achievements have been made in the construction of high-standard farmland in China? Guo Yongtian:In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has conscientiously implemented the decision-making and deployment, coordinated the deployment and promotion of farmland construction in conjunction with relevant departments, increased policy support, strengthened financial guarantees, and vigorously promoted the construction of high-standard farmland. In 2021 and 2022, more than 100 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built every year, and by the end of 2022, China has built a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs further strengthened the top-level design, accelerated the preparation of the implementation plan for the completion of all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, and simultaneously promoted the implementation of the annual construction task of building 45 million mu and transforming and upgrading 35 million mu. From January to November 2023, 79.27 million mu of high-standard farmland was newly built, renovated and upgraded, and 99% of the annual task volume was completed. From the perspective of regional distribution, the 13 major grain-producing provinces have built high-standard farmland, accounting for about 70% of the country's built-up area. On the whole, the construction of high-standard farmland in the country has protected farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain and ensured that the national grain output has been stable at 1 for many yearsMore than 3 trillion catties have played an important supporting role. From the perspective of local practice, in addition to further consolidating the foundation of national food security, the construction of high-standard farmland has also promoted the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and the development of modern agriculture. The modernization level of high-standard farmland with centralized contiguous plots, unified planning and layout of fields, and unified supporting roads, water conservancy, shelterbelt networks, and agricultural power facilities has significantly improved the level of modernization, effectively promoting land circulation and large-scale operation. The data show that the proportion of large-scale operation of high-standard farmland is 30-40 percentage points higher than that of general farmland. The construction of high-standard farmland has effectively promoted agricultural mechanization, water conservancy, informatization and standardized production, and its mechanization level is 15-20 percentage points higher than that of general farmland, which has effectively prevented the problem of cultivated land abandonment. In addition, high-standard farmland has significantly improved the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and promoted the development of ecological agriculture. It has effectively prevented soil erosion and created conditions for building ecological and livable villages, and high-standard farmland in many places has become a "check-in place" for Internet celebrities and a new highlight of rural tourism. Reporter: The 2023 ** Economic Work Conference proposed to raise the investment standard for high-standard farmland construction. Why raise the bar for inputs? Where does the money come from to raise the standard of input? How to do a good job in post-construction management and protection, so that high-standard farmland can better play its benefits? Guo Yongtian:Improving the investment standards of high-standard farmland construction projects is an important task that has been widely reflected and of common concern in various localities in recent years. Since 2011, the construction of high-standard farmland has been implemented in an orderly manner according to the first easy and then the difficult, and the remaining unbuilt plots are basically relatively remote, relatively scattered, relatively poor construction conditions and high construction costs. High-standard farmland is an important public infrastructure, with strong public welfare, and the project construction funds are mainly based on first-class and local investment, and at the same time encourage and support financial and social capital to invest in the construction of high-standard farmland. The 2023 ** Economic Work Conference proposed to improve the investment standards for high-standard farmland construction. At present, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have supported a total of 54 million mu of high-standard farmland construction projects through the issuance of additional treasury bonds, and arranged the issuance of additional treasury bonds of 125.4 billion yuan, which has greatly increased the average investment subsidy standard per mu. The local investment part is mainly borne by the provincial level, and the investment guarantee for project construction is further strengthened. Farmland construction is "divided into three parts, seven points in charge", and doing a good job in post-construction management and protection is the key to ensuring the long-term benefits of engineering facilities. In recent years, all localities have basically established a county-level management and protection system based on township or village-level collective organizations, mainly including the first-leading management and protection model represented by the "grid field chief system", the first-class market collaborative management and protection model represented by the "big trusteeship", and the market-oriented management and protection model represented by "insurance". In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will further strengthen management and protection: first, promote the introduction of management and protection policies and systems. The measures for the management and protection of high-standard farmland engineering facilities have been solicited for many times, and the opinions of relevant departments are currently being sought. The measures clarify the subject, responsibility, standard, content, and capital of high-standard farmland management and protection, and play an important guiding role in strengthening the management and protection of farmland construction in various localities. The second is to supervise the implementation of management and protection work. The management and protection work will be included in the annual key work of farmland construction, carry out assessment and evaluation, urge all localities to implement the relevant requirements of the management and protection system, improve the pragmatic and effective working mechanism, and ensure that the completed high-standard farmland will play a long-term role. The third is to strengthen the summary and publicity of the management and protection model. Strengthen the publicity and promotion of management and protection work, encourage all localities to actively learn from good experience and good practices in combination with actual conditions, establish management and protection models suitable for local characteristics, and encourage farmers, family farms and other parties to actively participate in farmland construction and management work. [Guo Yongtian: Member of the Chang'an Street Reading Club, Director of the Farmland Construction Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs].
Note: Authorized to publish, this article has been selected to include the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform (People's **, People's Political Consultative Conference Daily, Beijing**, Xinhuanet, Central**, National Party Media Information Public Platform, Vision, Beijing Time, Surging Government Affairs, Phoenix News Client "Chang'an Street Reading Club" column synchronization), * The source and author of the "Chang'an Street Reading Club" theoretical learning platform must be uniformly indicated.
Editor-in-charge: Liu Xingyue；Preliminary review: Cheng Ziqian, Chen Jiani;Re-examiner: Li Yufan.
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