When it comes to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people always can't help but think of that:King Yingzheng of Qin, who unified the Seven Kingdoms, Sun Bin Pang Juan, who loved and hated each other, Zhao Kuo, who talked on paper, and Lian Po, who was guilty of petitioning.
At that time, there were many talents, and strategists used the world as a chessboardCountries are pawns, calculating each otherMilitary strategists fight on the battlefield and tactically strategizeHorses are proud to drink bloodIt is really a magnificent scene of the world's struggle for dominance, and countless heroic deeds.
But for those heroic deeds, many people know by heart, and forThe division of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, butBoth ends are confused,There are even some people who don't even know why these two periods are in the autumn and the Warring States.
SoHow to divide the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States PeriodWhyWould you use such a name again?
"Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were chaotic"，During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was actually a more resounding name, calledEastern Zhou.
Spring and Autumn", ** YuThe history book of the Lu State "Spring and Autumn".This book records the period from Lu Yin Gong to Lu Ai GongMore than 200 years of history.
Although in this one, andThere was no officially recognized name for social change at the timeHowever, after the study of later historians, the three families were finally divided into Jin, as beforeSpring and Autumn period.
The more significant features of the Spring and Autumn period are:The Zhou dynasty declined, the vassal states are in their own affairs, the wars during this period, the unity is not large, the soldiers are also composed of noble soldiers, the number of wars is small, the battle time is short, and the ** between countriesThe number of people is limited.
In addition, the Spring and Autumn period paid special attention to etiquette, such asWhen the two countries are at war, they must first make a war post, the two countries promised to start a war, agree on the location of the battlefield, and then each prepared for it, similar toAbout the group frame.
And most importantly, one must be taken before the warJustified reasons,Otherwise it wouldReprimanded.
After the start of the war, if one side is defeated, then the soldiers of the other sideIt will only chase 50 paces awayBeyond this distanceGive it up.
And if the two sides are at warTired of beating,Then you can also applyIntermission.
When Jin and Chu were fighting, there was once oneVery ridiculous scene,At that time, the Jin State was defeated, and the Chu ** team was pursuing, but chasing and chasing, the Jin State's chariot was brokenYou can only stop.
When the soldiers of Chu saw that the chariot of the soldiers of the Jin State was broken, they also stopped specially to help the soldiers of the Jin State repair the chariotbefore continuing to catch up,After running 50 steps, the two sides signaledNo more chasing.
There was also a time in the Song Kingdom, when the leopard met Gongzicheng,The two sides immediately foughtThe leopard immediately took out a bow and arrow and sent an arrow to Gongzi City**, butDidn't shootWhen he raised his bow and was about to draw it a second time, Childe Castle called a halt.
Childe Castle means, you shot me an arrow,Now it's my turn to you, who expected that the leopard really accepted this suggestion and was Gongzi CityKilled by an arrow.
Such strange events were countless in the Spring and Autumn Period.
And the word "Warring States" was compiled by Liu Xiang"Warring States Policy".In this period, the Zhou Dynasty has been completely abolished, and the countries are at war, and the war has become this periodThe main color.
Moreover, there is a qualitative gap between the wars of the Warring States and the wars of the Spring and Autumn Period, the wars of the Warring States,They all started the war with the attitude of putting the other party to deathNot only the noble soldiers went to the battlefield, but even the common peopleAll pulled up.
It's bound to be cruel, likeFlooded and burnedetc., they are almost unscrupulous in order to win, they don't take human life seriously, and the 400,000 captives killed in vain are basically allCivilians.
So the Warring States period,Etiquette, pomp and circumstancehas become a thing of the past, whose fistsHardis the most important thing.
That's why some people called it in the first place"The word Sun Tzu in "The Art of War" may not be the author's real name, but was given by the people of the time".The joke said.
Of course, creating such a situation,"Sun Tzu" has a relationship,ButIt doesn't matter much,More importantly, changes in society and institutions.
The reason why historians separate the two periods of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States PeriodIt is not only the reason for the cruelty of the war in the two periods and the fall of the Zhou royal familyAmong them, there areChanges in the social system and the progress of the foundry industryand so on.
Let's talk about the foundry industry first, in the Spring and Autumn Period,BronzeIt is still an important material for the manufacture of utensils and ** in various countries, and the productivity of their society is far from enough, which has createdSlow development of agriculture.
Agriculture is developing slowly, then it is neededMore farmers farmingIn this way, the country's grain and grass could be kept sufficient, so at that time, most of the people who went to the battlefield were the children of the nobles who did not plough the fields, and the peasants were still thereFarming with peace of mind.
As for why the war is not cruel, it is because during the Spring and Autumn period, the countries were still theredid not completely dare to abandon the identity of the courtier of the Zhou Dynastyeach otherChecks and balances on each other,So their main purpose at that time was to stay strong, guard their own one-third of an acre, and not let others bully.
As for the many etiquettes in the war, after all, the Spring and Autumn periodIt's not about killingRatherCollection**.
Bronze ** is difficult to make, and it takes a long time, a war, the other party is defeated,So in order to run a little faster to save your life,Most of the soldiers willThrow the ** down.
If the victorious country will collect it, then the defeated country will at leastIt was not possible to start a war for several years, after all, there is no ** on the battlefield, that isDie.
But with the progress of the foundry industry, the advent of ironware,Farmers have good tools, the reduction of manpower invested in cultivating the field has led to farmersMass enlistment in the army.
Plus iron**Produced quickly,Not only to make the war more lethal, but also to make the frequency of warGet faster.
The peasants were able to go to the battlefield, ** there is no shortage of them, then the warThe number of people will inevitably increase, the scale of the waralso bigger.
Coupled with the complete collapse of the Zhou Dynasty, all countries tore off the "benevolence".Masquerade,All want to go towards that one"One".Go, the war will naturally be more cruel.
At this point, the expansion of the land is the most important thing, which also causesIn the Spring and Autumn period, a small country that lived well,In the early Warring States periodSwift annihilationCauses.
And the reason why historians divide it into three familiesThe dividing line of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,It is because the three families were divided into Jin and were the first in the Spring and Autumn PeriodThe case of the demise of a great power,It is not the same level as the use of absolute power by large countries to seize the land of small countries and destroy small countries.
After the division of the three families,The war of annihilation has become the mainstreamThe only remaining influence of the Zhou Dynasty,Disappear completely.
All in all, during the Spring and Autumn Period, all countries did not make a dead handSmall fights,countries toSelf-preservationWar is just to collect the other party's **, so that the other party can not fight in a short period of time, and the most excessive is the suppression of the country.
But the war of the Warring States period was exactlyThere is no reason to make any sense to make a dead handIn layman's terms, the Spring and Autumn Period was a period of transitional preparation before countries entered the war, while the Warring States period was a state of complete war.
What do you think about these two periods?