1 Speak before you do it When faced with faulty electrical equipment, we should take a cautious attitude and avoid blindly doing it. The first step should be to have a detailed understanding of how the failure occurred and how it behaved, so as to lay the foundation for subsequent repair work. For unfamiliar equipment, it is also necessary to grasp its circuit principle and structural characteristics in advance, and strictly abide by the relevant operating procedures.
Before starting the disassembly, it is important to fully familiarize yourself with the function, location, connection, and relationship of each electrical component to the surrounding components. If there is no assembly drawing reference, the sketch should be drawn simultaneously during the disassembly process, and the relationship between the components should be marked to facilitate subsequent assembly and maintenance work.
2 Exterior first, then interior First of all, we should pay attention to design.
Whether there are obvious cracks or defects on the surface, and understand the basic conditions such as its maintenance history and service life. On this basis, the inside of the equipment is further inspected. Before disassembling the equipment, it is necessary to eliminate possible fault factors in the surrounding area and confirm that there is a fault inside the equipment before disassembly. Otherwise, blindly disassembling may lead to increased equipment failure.
3 Mechanical first and then electrical On the premise of ensuring that the mechanical parts are fault-free, the electrical inspection can be carried out. When troubleshooting circuit faults, it is necessary to use testing instruments to locate the fault points, and after eliminating the bad contact faults, analyze the relationship between the circuit and the mechanical operation in a targeted manner to prevent misjudgment.
4 Static first and then dynamic Before the electrical equipment is energized, the status of buttons, contactors, thermal relays and fuses in the equipment can be judged through static detection, so as to determine the fault. In the power-on test stage, the cause of the fault is further determined by listening to the sound and measuring the parameters, and finally the maintenance is carried out. For example, when there is a phase loss in the motor, if it is not clear to judge by measuring the three-phase voltage value, the sound should be listened to and each relative ground voltage should be measured separately in order to accurately determine which phase is defective.
5 Clean before maintenance When dealing with more polluted electrical equipment, the buttons, wiring points and contact points should be cleaned first, and the external control keys should be checked to see if they are normal. Most faults are caused by dirt and conductive dust blocks, which can often be eliminated after cleaning.
6 Power before equipment Power failures account for a high proportion of the overall faulty equipment, so prioritizing the maintenance of the power supply is expected to improve maintenance efficiency.
7 First common and then extraordinary Approximately 50% of failures are caused by the quality of assembly parts or other equipment failures. For the special faults of electrical equipment, which are usually manifested as soft faults, it is necessary to rely on the experience of maintenance personnel and instruments and equipment for detection and maintenance.
8 Exterior first and then interior On the premise of ensuring the normal circuit of the peripheral equipment, the replacement of damaged electrical components can be considered.
9 DC before AC During the maintenance process, it is important to first examine the static working point of the DC circuit, and then analyze the dynamic working point of the AC circuit.
10 Fault first and then debugging When facing electrical equipment with both faults and debugging, the first task is to eliminate the fault, and then the debugging process must be carried out under the premise of ensuring the safety of the electrical circuit.