In the nine sons seizing the heirs, what is the power of each party? Why did the fourth elder brother win in the end?
In Kangxi's later years, the crown prince Yinren abdicated twice, and the sons coveted the position of the prince, and there were many secret conflicts, which directly involved the nine sons, so there were"Nine sons take the heir"said. In this political turmoil, five major parties were formed at the earliest, namely the Third Division, the Fourth Division, and the Eighth Division (Fourteenth Division). So, what are the political forces behind the top five parties, and how did the fourth master Yinzhen win?
Except"Gang of Four"Outside,"Catch the first"What other political forces are behind it?
In March of the 37th year of Kangxi (1698), Kangxi canonized the eldest son of the emperor and allowed them to participate in political affairs, giving them the opportunity to win over the ministers of the court, and as a result, several major political forces centered on the eldest sons of several emperors were formed. In addition to the recent victories of the four nobles of Yinzhen, let's take a look at the political forces behind the rest of the sons.
1, brother Yin Gong: The power is very weak. Yinyi's biological mother is Shu Fujin Wulanala clan, the relationship between Shu Fujin and Nalan Mingzhu is difficult to say, but in the "Kangxi Dynasty" where the relationship between brother and sister is never a problem, Mingzhu is at best Shu Fujin's cousin (Shu Fujin's father Suo Etu and Mingzhu's cousin Suo Etu I don't know if they are the same person). Even though they were relatives, Mingzhu was also killed in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi (1687)."Forming a party for personal gain"He was dismissed and later reappointed, but not reappointed.
Yinyu's advantage of being able to win the throne is actually only two points, one is the identity of the eldest son, after the son-in-law ascended the throne, except for the crown prince Yinren, all the concubines were in the old days"Standing up", the identity of the eldest son has certain advantages; The second is that he won Kangxi's respect, Yinyu was brilliant in his early years, and he had military talents, and he made many military exploits in the army, so he won Kangxi's respect.
Digression: Yinzhen's biological mother Concubine Hui once raised Yinzhen's eighth son, so the relationship between Yinzhen and Yinzhen is also good, so when Yinzhen lost the qualification to become the prince, he wanted to rely on Yinzhen, Zhang Mingde used all means to build momentum for Yinzhen, which was discovered by him. In addition, Yinzhen's second emperor, the ninth son and the tenth son of the emperor, also raised the dues, and he said that he didn't know if the matter was true or not.
Second Prince Yinren: More power. Yinren is the son of Empress Hyoseong-in, who became the crown prince very early. As the natural heir to the throne, it is naturally easy for him to gather political forces around him, not to mention the external support of Empress Xiaochengren's maternal uncle Suo Etu.
However, Suo Etu lost power and was executed in 1703, along with his two sons and comrades, which was a heavy blow to Yinren's power. Of course, as the crown prince, Yinren quickly took away some ministers of the court, such as He Qi, the commander of the infantry army, Geng E, Qi Shiwu, and Yazhou, who participated in the crown prince's group.
Among the emperor's sons, the fourth son Yinzhen and the thirteenth son Yinxiang were initially followers of Yinren, until Yinren was deposed for the second time, Yinzhen realized that Yinren's restoration was impossible, and he began to break away
3. Third Elder Brother Yinzhen: The trend of anti-Qing forces prevails. Yinzhen's biological mother is Concubine Rong Mei, it can be said that she has no advantage as soon as she is born, although she also wants to get the position of prince, but she cares about her every day, organizes many literati to preach the scriptures, and recruits these Qing Dynasty talents as teachers, so she has Chen Menglei, Yang Wenyin and other big backers behind her.
The third brother Yinzhen is also self-aware, he clearly knows that he only has literary talents, and has no strategy to govern the country and the army, so he only has a superficial taste of the dispute for the prince, and does not participate in depth, and the eldest brother is banned by the party, so he participates less. His greatest contribution is probably the compilation of two works, "The Source of the Legal Calendar" and "The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books".
4, the eight nobles Yinzhen: Although he has great power, he has been suppressed. Although Yinzhen is from a humble background, his own ability is remarkable, plus he is kind and easy-going, unpretentious, indifferent to fame and fortune, but he has a very wide range of good fate, especially with the prince's son Nine Elder Brother Yinyu, Ten Elder Brother Yinxiang, and Fourteenth Elder Brother Yinyu have a deep friendship, and he is also very close to many princes and ministers, including the imperial brother Kangxi and the prince Yufujin are full of praise for Yinzhen.
After the initial abolition of Yinren, thanks to the support of the crown prince Yinzeng and the prince Taibao, the advantage was indeed very obvious, but first Zhang Mingde's hundred officials incident broke out, and then Kangxi summoned the ministers of the Manchu and Han princes and received the unanimous recommendation of the prince Taibao, the result was that his huge political energy caused Kangxi's conscience to be disturbed and began to suppress. As a result of the outbreak in the fifty-third year of Kangxi (1714)."Dead Eagle Event", Yinzhen directly lost the opportunity to seize the throne. Despite this, Yinzhen remained the focus of attention of the courtiers.
After Yinxi's failure to seize the throne, his fourteenth elder brother began to support Yinxi, the Eight Masters Party became the Fourteenth Master Party, and the fourteenth son of the emperor began to help Yinxi compete for the throne.
As mentioned above, among the political forces behind the crown prince, the power of the eldest son of the emperor was the weakest, followed by the third son Yinzhi, and the loss of power of the crown prince Yinren and Suo Fengtu and his own problems caused the crown prince to lose power, so the strongest power at that time was the eighth son of the emperor Yinzhi.
Self-proclaimed"The first person in the world who does not work hard"Yinzhen's power is actually not small.
The fourth elder brother Yinzhen, who competed for the position of the crown prince, although he claimed to be"The world's first idler", but in fact, the impact on political forces is not small, compared with Yinzhen, who only has the eighth elder brother, his political power has not yet been put on the table. We analyze the political forces behind Yinzhen from the following aspects.
1. The natural benefits of being an adoptive mother. Although Yinzhen's biological mother, Concubine Wu Ya, was not of high origin, Yinzhen was given to the noble Tong Jiashi for adoption since she was a child, and she did not return to her biological mother until Tong Jia's death. Yinzhen knew that Kangxi's second queen, Empress Zhaoren, had no queen after her death, so Yinzhen was in charge of Tong Jia's harem, and the status of the harem was respected, and she herself was very sympathetic to Kangxi. Moreover, this is the ending of Tong Jia's family and the queen's ending, which gives Yinzhen a certain natural advantage"The Queen's adopted son"The status is also higher than that of some ordinary people in Argos.
In addition, Concubine Tong Jia's background is not simple, her father is the leader of the Tong State Guard Corps, and it is Long Keduo who has made great contributions after his third elder brother Yongzheng seized the throne, so Yongzheng called Long Keduo his uncle's career. It is worth noting that Long Keduo was appointed by Kangxi during his lifetime.
2. A staunch supporter of the crown prince. Among the sons of Kangxi, the thirteenth elder brother Yinxiang, the sixteenth elder brother Yinlu, and the seventeenth elder brother Yinli were staunch supporters of the fourth elder brother Yinzhen, and these three were also reused again in the later Yongzheng Dynasty. Compared with the eighth elder brother, these elder brothers do not have a long history, but the power they hold is not small.
It goes without saying that the relationship between the thirteenth elder brother Yinxiang and the fourth elder brother Yinzhen is extremely close, because of the crown prince Yinren"Good at riding and shooting, learning calligraphy", pampered Kangxi, Kangxi was the first person to get rid of him and reprimand him.
In the last years of Kangxi, the 16-year-old brother Yinlu was in charge of the Internal Affairs Office, which was an important department, responsible for managing the affairs of the palace and the affairs of the upper three battalions, but his martial arts were quite remarkable.
Seventeenth elder brother Yinli ignores political affairs, although he has no title, but his teacher is the famous scholar Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty, and he is good friends with Fang Bao, a master in the literary world, and he has close contacts with many celebrities in the Jiangnan area.
3. The dynastic forces hidden in the shadows. Compared with the sharpness of the eight nobles Yinzhen, the four nobles Yinzhen can be said to be very cautious in cultivating power, and most of the dynastic forces are hidden in the shadows, the most typical is the university scholar Maqi, ranked 47th. When the election of the crown prince was held in November of the 37th year of Kangxi (1708), Ma Qi ignored Kangxi's dissuasion and resolutely voted for Yinzhen Eighth Master, and the result was defined"Eight Masters"，"", which led to him being among them with the third elder brother Ma Wu and the fourth elder brother Li Rongbao, but it can be seen from the later characters that this is a living one"Hell"。
Kangxi died the next day, and Yongzheng had not yet had time to ascend the throne; In December of the same year, he was stripped of his official position and reappointed"Prime Minister's National Affairs, Yamen Affairs", sealed"Second Earl", which was appreciated by Kangxi; His younger brother Ma Wu was promoted to chief of the guard of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the first year of Yongzheng, Ma Qi was appointed as a scholar of Baohedian University, in addition to blessings. Good boy, this series of rewards, it is estimated that the nobles of the eighth master Yinzhen were stunned at that time.
The fourth elder brother Yinzhen is also surrounded by Cai Xuan, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Zhang Tingyu, the secretary of the Criminal Department, and Bordo, the secretary of the cabinet.
4. The range of places covered is very wide. If the eighth elder brother Yinzhen focuses on dereliction of duty, most of them can be said to be in the court, but the fourth elder brother Yinzhen focuses on the local **. In the local **, only the four masters of the party know the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, Nian Qianyao, the prefect of Lanzhou, Shen Tingzheng, Qingjiang Tongzhi Ma Qiuhua, etc., although the official position is not high, but all over the country, involving a wide range.
As mentioned earlier, in the first five parts, the fourth elder brother Yinzhen seems to be"The world's number one lazy man"self-proclaimed, but in fact his political power is not small, but very large, and it is with the support of these people that he was able to achieve his initial success and finally sit on the throne.
The fourth elder brother Yinzhen's road to victory, hiding the protection of light in the darkness, is a technical job.
In"Nine sons take the heir"The reason why the fourth elder brother Yinzhen was able to win in the event in the end was inseparable from his own ability and political power in addition to his correct strategy for seizing the heir, just as the strategist Yongzheng who was immersed in Dai Duo's mansion proposed"If you don't show your long, you're afraid of leakage, and you're afraid of seeing suspicions", as Dai Duo, Yongzheng's secret staff, proposed"If you don't show your long, you're afraid of leakage, and you're afraid of seeing suspicions"。
When the other brothers were busy fighting for power and profit, Yinzhen always showed the side of loyalty and patriotism, worrying about the country and the people, and when he was the prince, he supported Yinren's restoration on the one hand, and on the other hand, he tried his best to maintain a good relationship with Yinzhen. No one attaches importance to the four masters in the party, and from the outside world, Yinzhen, who is the fourth master, is not in the party camp at all, but in the position of the prince.
When the second elder brother was fighting to the death, the fourth elder brother Yinzhen never took the initiative to participate in it, and while keeping peace with his brothers, he mainly did two things, one was to strengthen the relationship with Kangxi and show sincerity and filial piety in front of Kangxi. On the other hand, he tried his best to show his loyalty to the king and his love for the country, and used this to cover up the status of the crown prince, such as in response to the accumulated shortcomings in the court, proposing to correct the accumulated habits of chastity, and the way of government, ostensibly for the revival of the dynasty and for the interests of the country, but in fact, while suppressing each other with the benevolent government of the eighth prince Yinzhen and the policy of opposing orthodoxy, it was also competing for the hearts of the people.
On the one hand, the fourth master Yinzhen successfully deceived Kangxi and his opponent, because through the Ming cultivation plank road to secretly Chen Cang, not only Kangxi suppressed the fourth master**, but the opponent did not pay attention to him, so that he could maintain his power to the maximum. On the other hand, because the fourth master ** was very deeply hidden and did not attract the attention of others, he finally stabilized the situation in the capital through Long Keduo, Ya Yao restrained Yinxi, and stabilized the forces in the northwest region and other critical moments.
To sum up, the reason why the aristocratic fourth master Yinzhen was able to win"Nine sons take the heir"It is not by chance that he certainly has personal talent, but it also stems from his correct strategy of seizing the heir, and the result not only won Kangxi's heart, but also developed enough political power.