Key points of potato cultivation technology Potato is a major component of agricultural crops in China. In the past, the planting technology used in the potato planting process was relatively backward, and there were serious problems of pests and diseases, resulting in low potato yield and low quality. Based on this, this paper analyzes the application points of potato planting technology, in order to provide reference for relevant industry personnel.
Scientific selection. Scientific selection can fundamentally ensure the yield and quality of potatoes. First of all, when choosing potato varieties, it is necessary to combine the actual situation of the planting area. Potato growers should introduce potato varieties in a targeted manner according to the geographical location, weather conditions, and environmental factors of the planting area to achieve continuous increase in yield. In order to achieve the goal of correct seed selection, potato growers are also required to constantly reserve their planting expertise. Secondly, the phenomenon of pests and diseases with a high probability of potato planting was analyzed. Potato planters should conduct a comprehensive investigation of the main pests and diseases in the planting area, and give priority to the selection of potato varieties with certain resistance to local pests and diseases, so as to avoid the greater impact of pests and diseases on potatoes and ensure the healthy growth of potatoes. Finally, potato varieties with strong adaptability and high stress resistance were selected. Potato varieties with these characteristics can effectively improve the survival rate, especially when potato planting across regions, the adaptability requirements of potato varieties will be higher. In addition, growers should also select high-quality potato varieties based on dimensions, smoothness, hygienic conditions, etc.
Land selection and land preparation. Due to the growth characteristics of potatoes, continuous sowing methods cannot be used in potato planting, so when selecting land, it should be ensured that the selected land has not been planted with Solanaceae crops in recent times, so as to provide good growth conditions for potatoes. In general, continuous sowing of potatoes will increase the probability of pests and diseases, affecting potato yield and quality. Potato planting in the form of crop rotation can avoid the appearance of pests and diseases to a certain extent and promote the healthy growth of potatoes. In addition, in order to ensure that the soil nutrients are sufficient, the growers can also choose the land where crops such as corn or wheat were planted in the previous year for potato cultivation in the current year.
Potato tuber expansion needs good soil conditions as support, so it is necessary to evaluate the degree of soil softness when selecting the soil, give priority to relatively flat land, optimize irrigation, ensure drainage, and avoid soil containing a lot of water, so as to provide a suitable soil environment for potato growth.
After the land selection is completed, the potato growers also prepare the land. In the process of land preparation, the cultivated land and the furrow surface should be divided, and the topography of the farmland should be analyzed to reasonably select the location of the irrigation ditch, and the appropriate irrigation method should be adopted in combination with the irrigation requirements to provide sufficient water for the growth of potatoes. In the case of good drainage conditions in the farmland, the planting personnel can appropriately increase the coverage of the irrigation system and optimize the irrigation performance of the farmland, and in the ridge that lacks good drainage conditions, the scope of the irrigation system should be reasonably adjusted in combination with the actual situation of the farmland, so that the irrigation area can be appropriately reduced, so as to meet the moisture requirements of the soil for potato growth.
Cut into cubes to germinate. Before planting potatoes, growers should cut them into pieces for germination. First, the potatoes are cut into small pieces and treated with disinfectants to avoid bacterial infection. Secondly, mix carbendazim and water, and sprinkle the mixture on small potato pieces to reduce the probability of seedling diseases and insect pests, improve the survival rate of seedlings, and provide guarantee for the normal growth of seedlings. In the process of potato cultivation, cutting and germination is a key link, which can directly affect the germination rate and final quality of potato seedlings, and can also reduce various risks in potato growth. In addition, it is important to note that during the potato dicing process, it is important to ensure that all potato chunks germinate new sprouts.
Fertilization management. There are two main types of commonly used fertilizers, one is organic fertilizer and the other is chemical fertilizer. Growers should carry out scientific fertilization on the basis of analyzing the growth needs of potatoes to meet the nutrient needs of potatoes. At the same time, the planters should reasonably control the amount of fertilizer when fertilizing, under normal circumstances, organic fertilizer should be applied at the standard of 60,000 kg hm2, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer should be applied to provide sufficient nutrients for potatoes. In the process of fertilization management, growers should pay close attention to the growth of potatoes, and with the growth of potatoes, their demand for nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer will increase. Generally speaking, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is required at the budding stage of potatoes, and in order to promote the growth of potatoes, it is necessary to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Potatoes need a lot of potassium fertilizer during the full flowering period, so it is necessary to increase the amount of potassium fertilizer to promote potato growth. For the planters, organic fertilizer should be reasonably applied in combination with the soil fertility conditions of the planting area and the demand for fertilizer for potato growth, so that the role of fertilizer can be effectively played and provide guarantee for potato growth. In addition, in winter, planters should pay attention to base fertilizer and top dressing, and increase the content of soil organic fertilizer through reasonable application of base fertilizer and top dressing to ensure the growth of potatoes.
Field management. In potato growth, compound fertilizers are applied and organic and chemical fertilizers are combined in the soil to deliver nutrients to the potatoes. At the same time, the planting personnel should increase the intensity of field inspections, through regular inspections, timely understand the growth status of potatoes, and then formulate targeted fertilization measures. In addition, fertilization and irrigation can be combined to allow fertilizer and water to penetrate deep into the soil at the same time, so that potatoes can draw nutrients and water from the soil at the same time.
In the process of potato planting, the planting density should be reasonably controlled to prevent over-dense planting, which makes it difficult for potatoes to obtain sufficient nutrients and water. After the emergence of potato seedlings, the emergence of seedlings should be checked in time, and once the lack of seedlings is found, the seedlings must be replenished in time to ensure that the whole seedlings are planted. In this process, it should be noted that if the potato seedling is insufficient, the seedling transplant can be carried out from the dense area of seedling emergence to achieve the effect of controlling the density of potato seedlings. In potato cultivation, planters should also carry out cultivation work, improve the potato growth environment through cultivating and loosening the soil, ensure that potatoes can get sufficient nutrients, let potato roots fully contact with air, and accelerate the expansion of rhizomes to ensure potato growth.
After the color of the stems and leaves of the potato plant turns yellow, it enters the seedling killing stage. 7 days before potato harvesting, in order to make the farmland water discharge quickly, the potato plant stems and leaves should be broken by using a haulm shooter to speed up the maturity of the tubers, so as to improve the harvest rate. In the process of killing seedlings, it should be noted that the stubble height should be controlled below 10cm to prevent too high from affecting the potato harvest. In order to speed up the harvesting speed, the planters can dig into the soil based on the harvesting equipment, and control the excavation depth in the range of 20 24cm, so as to prevent the depth of entering the soil from being too large, resulting in serious damage to the potatoes and increasing the difficulty of separating the potatoes and the soil. In addition, the growers should also control the speed of the harvesting equipment to avoid running too fast, and adjust the harvesting speed according to the actual situation to ensure that the potatoes are in good condition. After the receipt is completed, the potatoes should be dried and processed, and the drying time should be controlled for about 1h.
Moisture management. In potato planting, growers should carry out reasonable irrigation and control soil moisture content in combination with the water demand of potato growth. In view of the large rainfall in the potato growth process, the planters should check the water accumulation in the planting area and carry out drainage work to discharge the excess water in the field. In view of the drought during the growth of potatoes, growers should supplement soil moisture through irrigation. Generally speaking, growers should also scientifically control soil moisture in combination with the growth status of potatoes. For example, when the potato tuber grows to about 2 cm, the grower should control the amount of irrigation according to the local rainy weather conditions to avoid flooding.
The efficient application of potato planting technology can solve the problems existing in potato planting in the past, and improve the yield and quality of potatoes. As a grower, we should choose appropriate planting technology according to the specific situation of the planting area, and take appropriate field management measures and pest control measures to promote the healthy growth of potatoes through reasonable seed selection, reasonable land preparation, scientific fertilization and irrigation.