[Poetic love of scientists].
Author: Pan Rucheng (Assistant Researcher, Institute of Chinese Poetry, Shanghai University).
If you open the column. Flipping through the collection of modern and contemporary poems, many scientists are active. These scientists are in the world of science, but also in the field of poetry. They continued the afterglow of the sages and created a masterpiece of classical poetry full of affection. These poems are the collision of modern science and traditional culture, as well as the fusion of the pulse of the times and personal feelings. This edition will now open the column "Scientists' Poetic Love" to tell the poetic life of these scientists.
From the age of Zhixue to the age of old age, Su Buqing, a master of mathematics, wrote hundreds of poems in his life. His long scientific research life has cultivated his poetry, and his active creative thinking has stirred his poetic thinking, which can be described as "a mathematical career, accompanied by poetry and poetry".
Su Buqing Information**.
Su Buqing's amateur poetry banknote**.
Su Buqing's handwritten poems and poems**.
Fifty years of planning career, more than 100 vertical and horizontal texts.
Su Buqing has been fond of poetry since he was a child, and he has read "Poems of a Thousand Families" on the back of a cow. When he was 13 years old, he chanted a poem full of pride at the foot of Woniu Mountain in Pingyang, Zhejiang: "Qingxi can be used as a belt, and it is good to cultivate bamboo as a whip." Take the lying ox and go, and go to plough the world's fields. In the long run, Su Buqing established the ambition of serving the country with mathematics, but while diligently seeking the mysteries of mathematics and physics, he has always worked tirelessly in the field of poetry and art.
Su Lao is not a poet in an ivory tower, his poetry creation has always been closely related to the times, and it is a poetic portrayal of his scientific life. After adulthood, Su Buqing's creative experience and poetry career can be roughly divided into three stages according to his life: from 1931 when he returned from studying in Japan to before the founding of New China in 1949, he was a young and middle-aged stage; From the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the end of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1976, it was a transitional stage for middle-aged and elderly people; From 1977 to his death in 2003, he was in his later years.
Most of Su Lao's early poems are filled with poems, which are full of thoughts and tragedy, or describe the internal and external troubles that a patriotic intellectual heard and saw in old China, or express his ardent feelings for the motherland. During the Anti-Japanese War, Su Buqing, as the head of the Department of Mathematics, moved west with Zhejiang University, traveled to Jiangxi, Guangxi and other places, and finally settled in Meitan, Zunyi, Guizhou. Living in a remote corner and worrying about the country's difficulties, "the sound of the horn urging iron and blood, the smoke everywhere lacks gold" ("Ji Mao Chinese New Year's Eve"), the Mekong water has no tide and no geese, and I don't know where to get a family letter" ("Meijiang Autumn Thoughts"), these poems are a portrayal of his state of mind during this period. In addition to the chaos, the string songs continued, the exiled university was slightly settled, and the professors were teaching in their spare time, and the progress became denser, so Su Buqing and Qian Baocong organized and advocated the formation of the "Meijiang Yin Society" in February 1943, and successively recruited Jiang Wenyu, Wang Jiliang, Zhu Lianxian, Hu Zhefu, Hu Hongmo, Liu Ganzhi, Zheng Xiaocang and other Zhejiang University professors to participate in singing and harmonizing. After the establishment of the Yin Society, the poems composed in the previous social classes either praised the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of northern Qianbei, or expressed the idea of worrying about the country and caring for the people, or expressed the mood of nostalgia for homesickness. The poems of the middle period swept away the haze of the troubled times, turned to depict the socialist construction in full swing, and enthusiastically eulogized the new atmosphere presented by New China. During this period, due to the "Cultural Revolution", there was no lack of indignation and injustice, mainly to whip the "Gang of Four" for perverse behavior and relieve the depression in his heart. The late period was a smooth and prolific time. Most of the works praise the social development since the new era, and express the wish to burn the residual heat for the country's science and education cause.
Su Buqing's poems were originally included in the two volumes of the Xiju Collection, the four volumes of the Original Grass Collection, and the two volumes of the Amateur Notes, all of which were manuscripts and were not publicly printed. During the Cultural Revolution, these manuscripts were lost for a time, and it was not until the end of the Cultural Revolution that the Xiju Collection and the Amateur Notes were regained. In 1994, Qunyan Publishing House photocopied and published Su Buqing's amateur poetry banknotes selected and handwritten by him, which included a total of 444 near-style poems and 60 poems written by him in the 60 years from 1931 to 1993. In addition, some of his masterpieces have also been selected into anthologies such as "Selected Poems of the Past Dynasties" and "Selected Poems of Scientists". After deletion and retrenchment, there are more than 600 poems in Su Lao's life. His creative achievements and creative quality are rare among scientists.
Dan's heart is not full of innovation, and he is willing to be white-haired.
Throughout his life, the "heart" of Su Buqing's poems was full of patriotic affection. He often humbly wrote poems to regulate his thinking, but in fact, these poems are not only the writing of his temperament, but also the projection of his soul. His poems have clear themes, profound meanings, rich poetic feelings, and shimmer with the brilliance of human nature of truth, goodness and beauty, showing people the sensual and romantic side of the scientist's spiritual world.
As a model of patriotic scientific workers in modern China, science to save the country is Su Buqing's lifelong guardian and lifelong ambition. His poems are full of patriotic affection, and nearly half of his works are written and chanted about the feelings of his family and country. Su Lao grew up in the old China where the foreign powers invaded and his family and country were humiliated, and he knew the role of mathematics in revitalizing science and technology, enriching the country and strengthening the people when he was in middle school. After 12 years of Oriental research, at the age of 26, he became internationally famous for his major breakthroughs in the study of four algebraic cones, but he resolutely joined the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University, which had a weak foundation at the beginning of the preparation. In old China, most of his poems were melancholy works that reflected reality, overflowing with keen and deep insight and patriotic hearts. The changes in the war situation during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression especially tugged at his heartstrings. On the way to move west to the small city of Meitan in Guizhou Province with the school, he wrote poems such as "If you want to buy a flat boat and go from here, where is the broken wall" ("Butterfly Loves Flowers"), thousands of miles of hometown are separated by war dust, Jiangnan smoke and rain dreams return frequently, and three households can die in Qin forever" ("Huanxi Sha") and other poems, frequently sad and low-pitched.
During the Cultural Revolution, Su Lao was treated unfairly. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the stigma was washed away, and he immediately devoted himself to teaching and scientific research with enthusiasm. In 1977, he wrote "Feelings for Participating in the National Natural Science Discipline Planning Conference". "I like to see that in addition to the 'four evils', China needs to be more vigorous to overcome the dangers", expressing the desire to continue to strive for the national scientific cause; "Huang Zhong leaps into the army mountain, and can eat cheap and bow full of bends", with Huang Zhong and Lian Po's own situation, showing that his ambition to innovate still exists, and his power to serve the country has not weakened.
In 1983, Mr. Su retired from the leadership position of Fudan University, and still expressed his willingness to exert his residual enthusiasm for the party and the people in many poems. "Ande's whip is heavy in his hand, and there is a little left in the string singing" ("Feeling Fu after Relegating to the Second Line"), revealing the true feelings that it is difficult to give up the lifelong career of studying and educating people. "Dan's heart is not full of innovation wishes, and the gray hair is still remnant to seek truth" ("Ninety Books"), which reflects the ambition of undiminished ambition, innovation and contribution to the motherland's scientific and technological innovation. After his retirement, he not only worked hard for the development of the Department of Mathematics and the discipline of higher mathematics at Fudan, but also cared about the future of basic mathematics education, and organized many training courses for primary and secondary school mathematics teachers. At the same time, he was also active in the arena of participating in and discussing politics, and in addition to being elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress for several consecutive terms, he was also elected vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1988. "In addition to the National People's Congress, you have to enter the CPPCC" cloud: "Ten years of Mingtang sideburns have fallen, and now they are in the consultation building." The old man is an ordinary servant, and he has to rest when he runs out. This poem shows his noble sentiments of serving the people wholeheartedly, and his sincere heart can be revealed, and his feelings of serving the country can be learned.
Su Lao was originally a farmer, less cattle herding baby, because of the national chronicles, a little longer left home, "to plough the world's fields". Although he is far away from home, he has been concerned about his homeland all his life and has not changed his hometown. His poems have a lot of ink on his hometown, from the cow's back to the peasant slang, the hometown customs and childhood impressions are all displayed in his pen, and the soft connection of the wanderer is written with warm brushstrokes. During the Anti-Japanese War, Su Lao moved west to Guizhou with Zhejiang University and began the road of exile to run a school. In the difficult situation of "university in exile", he missed his hometown even more and sent his feelings with poetry. The homesickness contains a deep hatred of losing the country, which interprets his feelings of family and country that he is worried about the world and loves the common people. "Miasma clouds and barbaric rain surround the dangerous building, the twilight border city moves the sorrow" ("Chinese New Year's Eve"), thousands of miles of hometown across the dust of war, Jiangnan smoke and rain dreams return" ("Huanxi Sha"), these poems record the real situation of the poet's westward migration years. In a foreign land with miasma clouds and rain, he misses his hometown and homeland, but he is cut off by the war and cannot set foot on the way home. However, despite the difficulties and dangers of all directions, the poet not only did not sink into depression, but remained steadfast in his will, turning his grief and anger into righteousness. In the poems written by Mei Tan, there are often words and phrases in which the pen turns sharply and turns softness into rigidity, which alludes to the author's personal emotions and turns desolation and sadness into the strength of forging ahead. For example, in "Huanxi Sha", Shang Rong expressed the belief that the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression will be won by the allusion of "Ten Thousand Miles of Hometown Separated by War Dust, and the Dream of Smoke and Rain in the South of the Yangtze River Returns". "Nanxiangzi" Xia Yan "moved in chaos, and still had to be bound to read old books." Why don't you wait for the rooster to crow and dance first? I'm only afraid of the autumn wind and white sideburns", which shows the determination to anchor the academic goal and persevere. What is admirable is that Su Lao put the high spirit of poetry into practical action to the letter. In the later period of the Anti-Japanese War, the famous scholar Joseph Needham led a British scientific delegation to China, and when he visited Zhejiang University in Meitan at that time, he was moved by the unswerving national integrity and academic achievements of Su Buqing and other scholars, and praised Zhejiang University as the "Cambridge of the East" during the war.
From their marriage in 1928 to the death of their wife in 1986, Su Lao and his wife Su Songmoto jointly wrote a love story of "East and West have been thousands of miles together, and bitterness and happiness have depended on each other for 60 years" ("Mourning the Deceased Wife Yonako: Part I"). From the preface to his 1986 poem "Three Poems in Mourning for His Deceased Wife Mizi", we can see that this legendary marriage is based on the common pursuit of ideals and the long-term dedication of his wife. The preface to the poem reads: "My wife, Yonako, was originally surnamed Matsumoto, a native of Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. In early 1926, they met in the Fujiliao dormitory, and returned to the dormitory for another two years. In 1931, he returned to the motherland, became a Chinese citizen in 1953, and changed his name to Su Songben. In the past 60 years, he has raised eight children. During the Anti-Japanese War, he moved west with him and experienced hardships and ......Vigorously help overcome many difficulties, so that the rest of the time for teaching and scientific research has sufficient time, and half of the credit for his life's career should belong to this good wife and mother ......Because of this, many of the poems written by Su Lao to his beloved wife are particularly moving. Among them, there are not only "bright-eyed and bright-toothed Sendai women, the original as a domain wife" ("Bodhisattva Barbarian"), the past is vaguely passing away, and the old people get along like a fairy" ("Gift Inside") such direct and heartfelt romance works, as well as "Luowu has sorrow and tears, Yaochi has no way and no door" ("Mourning the Deceased Wife Mizi III"), sometimes we can meet in dreams, where can I summon souls in the world" ("The Dragon Boat Festival is coming to mourn the death of the day of the near cause of Fu") and other deeply sad, sad and mourning works. These poems are all apt portrayals of the two people's loyal and unswerving love from the five interiors. For example, in 1938, when Zhejiang University moved west to Taihe, Jiangxi, Su Lao sent two poems to his wife who stayed in Pingyang, one of which also wrote in addition to expressing his thoughts, "The country is broken and deeply sad is not the past, and Yilai does not recognize himself as a fellow villager" ("From Taihe to Send Inside"). They interpret the true meaning of love with their actions, the so-called love is not only the small love of children, but also the great love of working together to protect the country and the people. Su Lao's poems, which integrate romantic love and national righteousness, are the eternal testimony of this deep emotion.
Su Laoyi enjoys mountains and waters, loves nature, and will convey the full interest of the splendid scenery of the motherland, and pay with poetry. He is good at capturing the charm of mountains, rivers and mountains from the dynamics, and deliberately expresses the dynamic and changing beauty of natural objects. Such as "the clouds fly thousands of mountains and the wind and rain, the beach rings a stream of summer and autumn" ("South Yandang Mountain Love Mountain Pavilion Evening View"), the wind blows and repairs the bamboo and dances, and the clouds slowly connect around the green mountains" ("Moganshan Sword Pool"), Qingchuan Pavilion out of the green forest, the Yellow Crane Tower sinks into the smoke and rain" ("Yellow Crane Tower in the rain"), the rain comes to the forest to run thousands of bushes, the fog disperses and the wind is clear and thousands of Zhanglan" ("Yellow Mountain Three-day Tour in the Rain"). This also reflects the active thinking world unique to scientists and poets. Not only that, he often casts profound ideological content in the description of scenery, and immerses himself in the speculation of the rise and fall of the world in the changes of natural phenology. In 1946, he wrote "Spring Lake Upper Mouth", "The spring lake is late to carry wine, and ten years is really heavy." The embankment is full of green willows, and the world is separated from each other", after a long war, he returned to the West Lake, and lamented that the lake and mountains are still the same, and the personnel are all different. In 1987, he wrote "Traveling to Taihu Lake", "The sparkle once shook the Lu, and the smoke color can hide Fan Li's house." The rise and fall of the ages is now over, and there is no end to the prosperity of the world", generously and straightforwardly, sighing to the sky, expressing pride and self-confidence in the country and the nation. The rendering of the scenery and the expression of emotion complement each other, which is not only soaked in the weight of historical contemplation, but also makes the poetry interesting and elegant, producing an ethereal beauty.
When a poet's emotions and patriotic feelings are integrated, the power contained in his pen is naturally infinite. Throughout his life, Su Buqing transformed his unforgettable patriotism and unswerving ambition to serve the country into practical actions to save the country through science and technology and strengthen the country through science and education. Su Buqing's poems integrate personal emotions with family and country feelings, and the overall presentation is deep, full, vigorous and high-spirited, bursting with inspiring and inspiring power.
Mathematician's Verse The taste is especially mellow.
The poems of mathematicians taste particularly mellow", this is Mr. Feng Zikai's evaluation of Su Buqing's poems. Such an evaluation is not only based on the familiarity with Su Buqing's character, but also concisely and concisely expresses the essence of Su Shi's artistic style.
Mr. Su and Mr. Feng have a deep friendship, and often give poems and paintings to share their literary and artistic experiences. Among the poems given by Su Lao, "Night Drink Mr. Zikai's Family Gift" is the most cherished by Feng Lao, framed and hung at home, and read from time to time. This poem: "Grass cups and plates are a joy, Mo Yin Chai and rice are bitter." The spring breeze has been green in front of the grass, and it is resistant to the cold. Once drinking with Zheng Zhenduo at home, Feng Zikai, who was in the thick of wine, faced the Su poem on the wall, and happily delivered a discussion about "poetry cannot have experts": "I think the best wine and food in the world is like poetry." And the poems of mathematicians are especially mellow. Because I also think that there are experts in everything else. Because to compose poetry is to be a human being. If a person does well, he also writes well. If it is said that there are experts in writing poetry, but non-experts cannot write poetry, it is like saying that there are experts in life, and non-experts cannot be people, isn't it ridiculous? And he said, "Therefore, I do not like to read the poems of some experts." Because they tend to use the canons and follow the traditions; chewing the words, showing off the mystery; twisting and pinching, pretending; Even nervous, out of the ordinary. is not an expert's poem, but straight down, clear, innocent and natural, mellow and simple, and very cute. (Feng Zikai, "Night Drink by the Lake").
Poetry cannot have experts", which aptly expresses the essentials of the formation of Su Buqing's mellow poetic style. The traditional concept particularly emphasizes the leading role of poets' knowledge in creation, believing that the work of poetry lies in talent, and the achievement of meaning lies in knowledge. Talents complement each other, and poetry can be complete. However, as Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty discussed in "Canglang Poems", "Fu poems have different materials, and they are not related to books; Although poet talent is a necessary condition for writing good poems, it should not be too direct in poetry. Su Buqing is highly knowledgeable and talented, but the mentality of "writing poetry in the aftermath" just makes him consciously abandon the disadvantages of "learning from talent as poetry". Compared with revealing talents, Su Buqing is more inclined to "poetry and words", focusing on the thoughts and emotions expressed in poems, striving to clarify the theme content and express true feelings. His poems are rarely achieved overnight based on subjective interest, and are mostly formed into poems after they are touched by fate. Whether it is the joys, sorrows, sorrows and sorrows generated by daily life, or the thoughts and sighs caused by the rise and fall of the times, everything is done and tries to put the true feelings into the poems.
Because of this, the narrative lyricism of Su's poems is truly open-minded, and the quality of the words, the meaning is concise and the sentences are strong. In his works, it is rare to see hasty things, nor is there any laughter and anger, let alone the so-called "authoritative" and "didactic". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the social exchanges between the Soviet Union and Laos became more extensive, the invitations to inscribe poems continued, and the scope of poetry was also expanded, but he still pursued the principle of "poetry and words" and adhered to the "three writes" and "three non-writes". The so-called "three writings" are written to praise the aspirations of the people and socialism, to encourage people, and to write that are conducive to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The so-called "three don't write", that is, don't write those who moan without illness, don't write those who slip and pat horses, and don't write those who deal with politeness. (Luo Zuxiong's "Su Buqing and Pingyang") Therefore, even if his mouth, greetings, entertainment, and inscriptions, there is a flow of true feelings and sincerity, and there is no kitsch.
If it is said that the poetry of the poet belongs to the poet's internal kung fu, then the learning and insight are the work outside the poem, and the combination of the feeling and the knowledge inside and outside has made Su Buqing a chic poet who is compatible with literature and science. Su Lao's poems pay special attention to the unity of "spiritual beauty" and "external beauty", believing that in addition to good content, there must also be good sentences, and the two can only be written well if they are well combined. (Su Buqing's "Me and the Old Style Poems") If it is said that the "spiritual beauty" of Su Shi's poems has been created by virtue of his literary and historical cultivation and writing skills, then what Su Lao has created is the "appearance beauty" he pursues by virtue of his literary and historical cultivation and writing skills. Although Su Laofu's poems are not carved and unpretentious, his profound cultural cultivation and diligent pen practice have cultivated artistic sensitivity, which enables him to flexibly dispatch different writing skills and enhance the expressive tension and artistic effect of his poems.
Su Lao's poems are mostly skillfully transplanted, and the author's thoughts and feelings are turned into allusions without leaving a trace, so that the language of the work is elegant and full of meaning, and the words are smooth and lively, and quite interesting. For example, in the first social class of the "Meijiang Yin Society", "Man Jianghong" was filled: "If you want to try on single clothes, the cold food is near, and the time is cold." Spring is just right, the river bridge is in the garden, and the willows are sunny and twilight. The drizzle is green and the grass is on the side of the stream, and the slanting sun is as red as the apricot on the wall. To the empty mountain, the lonely partridge cries, and the pedestrians listen. Chasing the past, hurting the scene. Tens of thousands of wisps, difficult to save. I was afraid of a dream far away from the night, and I was awakened by a warbler. did not invite Changying to cast a color pen, first teach Hua Fa to peep into the mirror. Looking at the south of the river, Hugh said that Fu returned, and there were three paths. The whole word uses Zhou Bangyan's "Six Ugly Falling Flowers", Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the Partridge", Zhang Xian's "Heavenly Fairy, Water Tune Counts and Listens to the Wine", Su Shi's "Water Dragon Yin, Second Rhyme Chapter Qianfu Yang Huaci", Zhu Xiaozang's "Returning Beijing Music, Night Sitting and Dream Window" and other poems and sentences, which are easy to come by, natural and appropriate, without any sense of jerkiness, and the uncontrollable homesickness and nostalgia after witnessing the beautiful spring in a foreign land, and the infinite melancholy of caring for the national fortune but unable to hold the long tassel to protect the family and defend the country, is vividly expressed.
Geometry of life, geometry without learning, life is boundless.
The geometry of life is geometric, and if you don't learn Zhuangsheng, you will be boundless", this is the famous sentence of Academician Gu Chaohao, Su Buqing's proud protégé. Su Buqing also sought scientific inspiration in poetry, and successfully constructed a history of the integration of literature and science by discovering and refining the rich poetry in scientific research and life, and obtaining life insights and perception of the times.
The stirring poetry and broad poetic thinking displayed in Su Lao's poems not only establish a unique aesthetic identity, but also reflect the humanistic spiritual process of a generation of scientific giants, and also contain his internal logic of seamlessly switching between the two roles of mathematician and poet. The greatest impression of scholar Zhou Binwu when he studied Su's poems was that the poetry in them was neither innate, nor was it promoted by the poet's subjective interest, but the accumulation and development of innate wisdom and acquired training. (Zhou Binwu's "Reading Su Buqing's Amateur Poetry Banknote") As he said, Su Lao is keen on poetry, but he doesn't care about the poet's label from the outside world, and he is never burdened by the reputation of the poet. For him, the poet is not an identity, but a gesture of life. Su Lao is humble and "amateur", but his sincere and firm patriotic beliefs, diligent spirit of exploration, and legendary life experience, together with his extraordinary wisdom and keen thinking, make him think and have wisdom, and every thing he does, there are aphorisms, and he has become a well-known "cross-border" poet in the poetry world.
In the eyes of ordinary people, mathematics that relies on logical thinking is not the same as poetry that relies on visual thinking, but in Su Lao's view, poetry is the wings that help him enter the palace of mathematics. In Su Lao's eyes, both mathematics and poetry attach importance to imagination and reasoning, and reading and writing poetry can play the role of "watching the geese outside the window", which has unexpected benefits for adjusting the way of thinking, expanding the thinking space and even deepening the understanding of mathematics. In addition to being well versed in the essence of mathematics and poetry, Su Lao is also an expert in controlling the two kinds of thinking of mathematics and poetry. He has repeatedly talked about the nourishment of poetry and rhetoric on scientific thinking in articles such as "Me and Old Style Poems", "We Should Pay Attention to Chinese Learning", "Science and Engineering Students Should Also Have Knowledge of Literature and History", and "Learn a Little Rhetoric", and advocated that scientific workers improve their poetic literacy.
Today, more than 20 years have passed away, but the high-spirited spirit exuded by his poems still inspires Hou Xuexue to climb bravely to the peak of science. We believe that in the future, more scientists will condense the sparks of wisdom and poetry into exquisite poetic works, so that science and poetry will give birth to more bright and moving flowers.
Scholar's biography. Su Buqing (1902-2003) was born in Pingyang, Zhejiang. Mathematician, educator, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is the founder of the Chinese school of differential geometry and is known as the "first geometer in the East". In his early years, he studied in Japan, returned to China in 1931, and taught in the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University and Fudan University in 1952. He used to be the president of Fudan University. He has been fond of poetry creation throughout his life, and is the author of "Ideal, Study, Life", "Su Buqing's Amateur Poetry Banknote", etc.
Bright**" 2024-02-19 11th edition).
*: Guangming Network - "Bright **".