Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, these three factors are known as the three elements of cutting volume, and they play a vital role in machining. With the continuous development of the machining industry, high efficiency, high precision, high flexibility and greening have become its irreversible trend. In this context, cutting is gradually developing in the direction of high-speed machining.
The advantage of high-speed cutting is that with the increase of cutting speed, the cutting force will be reduced by more than 25 to 30%, which greatly reduces the burden on the machine tool and the tool and prolongs the service life. At the same time, the increase in cutting temperature is gradually slow, which is conducive to maintaining the accuracy of the workpiece and reducing thermal distortion. What's more, the machined surface roughness can be significantly reduced by up to 1 2 grades, which greatly improves the surface quality and aesthetics of the workpiece.
Feed, another key factor in the amount of cutting, is directly related to the amount of deformation in the deformation zone of the workpiece. When the feed is smaller, the amount of deformation is also smaller, which can result in the deformation only penetrating into the surface of the workpiece and not penetrating deep into the interior. This uneven deformation can affect the quality of the forging. For example, in the pendulum rolling process of cylindrical parts, if the feed is too small, a mushroom effect will be generated, which will affect the overall quality of the forging. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of the forging, there must be enough feed so that the deformation can penetrate the height of the entire forging.
Finally, the depth of cut, as the third element of the amount of cutting, refers to the vertical distance between the machined surface and the surface to be machined when the workpiece is cut. This parameter not only determines the size of the cutting layer, but also has a close relationship with the amount of back feed. In operations such as parting off and grooving, the depth of cut is equal to the width of the main cutting edge of the turning tool. It is worth noting that the depth of cut can also be referred to simply as the depth of cut.