In recent years, the biological characteristics of tumor molecules have been studied more deeply and comprehensively, and the derived precision targeting and immunity have become effective methods after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
So, who is better, targeting or immunization? In order to help you clearly understand the differences and choices between these two methods, we have compiled some content.
One. How does targeting** exert its anti-cancer effects?
Targeting is a way to target specific tumor cells without harming normal cells. Different types of tumor cells have different genetic changes and proteins or enzymes that are involved in the growth and replication of tumor cells.
Types of targeted drugs include: angiogenesis inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, and signal transduction inhibitors. Common representative drugs include gefitinib, osimertinib, trastuzumab, ramucirumab, etc.
Two. How does immunity play an anti-cancer role?
Immunity is a way to give patients their own immune system to fight oncology. Immunity** works to harness and enhance the natural power of the immune system to fight disease by enabling it to recognize, target, and eliminate tumor cells throughout the body.
Types of immune drugs include: immune checkpoint inhibitors, T cell metastasis, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, immune system modulators. Common representative drugs include PD-1 inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab, camrelizumab), PD-L1 inhibitors (e.g., atezolizumab, durvalumab), CTLA-4 inhibitors (e.g., ipilimumab), etc.
Two. What's the difference between the two?
In summary, targeting** aims to inhibit molecular pathways that are essential for tumor growth and maintenance, while immunity** strives to stimulate the host immune response, leading to long-term tumor destruction.
**How is it? Targeting**. The most common targets include diarrhea and liver problems.
Other*** may include blood clotting and wound healing problems, high blood pressure, fatigue, mouth sores, nail changes, loss of hair color, **problems (which may include rash or**dryness).
Rarely, damage may form to the walls of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum or gallbladder. Most of the targeted *** disappear after the end of the **.
Immunity**. Reaction at the needle site, including: pain, swelling, pain, redness, itching, rash.
Flu-like symptoms, which include: fever, chills, weakness, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, headache, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, or high blood pressure.
Other*** may include: swelling and weight gain due to fluid retention, heart palpitations, canine plugging, diarrhea, infection, organ inflammation.
*How long does it take to see results?
Targeting**. Because targeted drugs are targeted to kill cancer cells, they tend to work quickly, and tumors can shrink within a few weeks or even days. However, drug resistance is a major difficulty in targeting, due to the heterogeneity and evolution of tumors, it is easy to develop drug resistance after a period of time, and patients who need to change drugs need to be changed, and there are patients who survive for a long time or **, but there are very few.
Immunity**. And with immunization, it may take longer to see the effects because the immune system is mobilized to attack the tumor. Sometimes, the tumour may even appear to be growing at first, but in fact the swelling of this size may be due to immune cells infiltrating into the tumor. This phenomenon is known as false progression and is not uncommon in immunity, which does not mean that it does not work.
Three. Should I choose target** or immunize**?
The choice of which modality to choose depends largely on the specific nature of the tumor.
Targeting**. It is mainly suitable for patients with corresponding gene mutations, and intervenes in the key targets for the occurrence and development of malignant tumors**, with outstanding efficacy, and patients have mild toxicity and side effects, and are well tolerated, so targeted drugs emphasize individualization more**.
Targeting**Patients need to do genetic testing before targeting**, if there is a gene mutation, you can choose targeted drugs, targeting**Not everyone needs to do genetic testing, and the drugs that do not need to do genetic testing are generally anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, anlotinib, etc.
Some of the common detection targets for cancer types are as follows:
Immunity**. The effectiveness of tumor immunity** is influenced by many factors. First of all, it is related to human immunity, which is closely related to genetics and internal microbial communities.
Secondly, it is related to tumor cells, and the heterogeneity of neoantigens within tumors, the number of clone-derived neoantigens, tumor cell mutation targets, and tumor mutation burden significantly affect the ** effect.
Among them, tumor neoantigens and a large number of clonal neoantigens in patients with low intratumoral heterogeneity have more advantages, so the study found that the applicable population of immunity has the following characteristics:
High expression of PD-1 or the presence of markers such as interferon (IFN-) granzyme, chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 9 (cxcl9), chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 10 (cxcl10), or tumor cells with high mutational burden generally respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Microsatellite instability is highly instable (MSI-H), and there is a large number of immune cell infiltration in tumor tissue, i.e., high TI; The patient's tumor size is smaller, the age is younger, and the general condition is better, and the immune effect is better.