Text: Geography Three-Body Theory.History has witnessed the wisdom of the ancient sages of our country for thousands of years, and recorded the glorious past of the Chinese nation.Editor: Geography Three-Body Theory.
In the mysterious land of the Orient in China, there are 5,000 years of history and civilization.
Although they gradually become "past" in the passage of time, history never has a "past".
It's going on and on.
Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, there are still five ancient cities that represent the epitome of history standing all over China, telling the past with their existing appearances.
Each ancient city is like a huge treasure trove, hiding immortal cultural treasures and inscribed with the imprint of ancient years.
It is like a huge cultural relic, engraved with historical and humanistic imprints that cannot be forgotten.
The old town of Lijiang, also known as "Dayan Town", is located in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, and is the seat of Lijiang County.
Because the Jinsha River in ancient times was called "Lishui", it was later transliterated as "Lishui", and it was named after it.
It was built at the end of the 13th century, at the end of the Song Dynasty, and has a history of more than 800 years.
Why is it called "Dayan Town"?
It turned out to be because it was located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, surrounded by mountains.
The green hills outside the city are contrasting, and the river in the city is meandering.
Climb high and overlook, resembling a large inkstone.
In ancient times, the words "inkstone" and "research" were connected, so the ancient city was also called "Dayan Town". ”
Historically, the old town of Lijiang was once very prosperous.
It was both a transportation fortress and a center for the exchange of materials.
Therefore, the Naxi people affectionately call it "Gong Benzhi" and "Yiguzhi".
It means "a market with a warehouse" and "a market in Jinsha River Bay".
In the Naxi language, "Gong" means warehouse, while "Ben" means Linzhai and "Zhi" refers to a bazaar.
After years of historical changes, the most important feature of Lijiang Old Town, as an ethnic minority city with a long history, is that the overall layout of the city and the architectural design integrate the essence of many ethnic minorities, and have strong traditional Naxi cultural characteristics.
From the perspective of the layout of the ancient city, the overall roads in the city are criss-crossed, like "meridians", "deep", "narrow and long" and "extending in all directions" are synonymous with them.
From the perspective of architectural design, the overall wooden structure and cornices of the house all exude the precipitation charm from time and history.
In addition, the biggest feature of the old town of Lijiang is that as one of China's many historical cities, it has no city walls.
According to legend, because the hereditary ruler of Lijiang was surnamed "Mu", if a city wall was added around it, the word "Mu" would become "sleepy".
He considered it to be a very unlucky manifestation that represented the "beast of distress".
Therefore, he once warned his children and grandchildren not to build a city wall around the old town of Lijiang.
But this is not the case, I think it is because of the natural barrier formed by the "three mountains" of the old town of Lijiang and the topography of the plateau that makes it unnecessary to have a city wall here.
The old town of Lijiang is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the scenery is picturesque.
Its staggered design art is even more exquisite, even in the existing ancient city of our country is extremely rare.
Because of this, in 1997, the old town of Lijiang was included in the "World Heritage List" by UNESCO, becoming the most well-preserved and most Naxi style ancient town in China.
Located in the northern part of Shanxi, Pingyao Ancient was first built in the Western Zhou Dynasty of China, but it has been silent and unknown until the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it began to develop rapidly.
Because of this, it retains a relatively complete Ming and Qing Dynasty style, is the most complete ancient county in China's existing state, and is also the only ancient city in China that has "successfully declared the world cultural heritage with the entire ancient city".
Completely different from the old town of Lijiang, the most prominent thing about the ancient city of Pingyao is its iconic building, the city wall.
Climb the towering corner tower of the city wall to overlook the ancient city, and the city's scattered streets can be seen at a glance.
The main axis of the city is the spacious South Street, and the city building at the highest point of the city is located in the center of the street.
The unique art crafts and traditional handicrafts in the low-rise houses along the street show a complete picture of the cultural, social, economic and religious development of the ancient city for visitors from afar.
Why is there an emphasis on religious development?
It turns out that Shanxi is a holy place of Buddhism in China, and it is particularly famous for the Buddhist culture in the north of Shanxi and the Jin Shang culture in the south of Jin.
The most important part of the ancient city of Pingyao is the Zhenguo Temple.
Zhenguo Temple is located in the northeast of the ancient city of Pingyao.
It was built in the Tianhui period of the Five Dynasties of the Northern Han Dynasty and is the third oldest wooden temple in China.
It retains many works of art such as Buddha statues and carved tablets in various periods since the Five Dynasties, and is one of the best choices for viewing and understanding ancient sculptures, paintings, literature and history.
In addition to its strong history and culture, the ancient city of Pingyao is also the filming location of many modern film and television works, and has a relatively famous international film exhibition and photography exhibition.
With the blessing of many famous classic film and television works, the ancient city of Pingyao has added a mysterious "red color" and has become a famous historical and cultural corridor.
The ancient city of Phoenix was founded in the 43rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and has a strong history of more than 300 years.
Located in the southwest of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province, China, it was named after a green mountain that resembles a phoenix soaring with its wings and was once praised by the famous writer Louis Alley as "the most beautiful town in China".
Why highlight the "smallness" of the ancient city of Phoenix? It turns out that it is truly "small".
It is so small that it covers an area of only 10 square kilometers, and it is as small as only a decent east-west street in the city.
"Although the sparrow is small, it has all kinds of organs".
In this exquisite ancient city, 28 ethnic groups gather here, forming a typical ethnic minority settlement.
The city's bluestone streets extending in all directions, the wooden stilted buildings with exquisite structures along the river, the "Bihui Gate" built of red sand stones, and the historic landmark "Wohongqiao" all exude the unique charm of this ancient city.
Walking in the Tuojiang River scenery belt in the ancient city, nature and humanity are blended, the river water is blue and the sky is the same color, and the residents on both sides of the river are bustling, and children are occasionally heard playing and noisy.
In the evening, the sunset sets on the river, and it is a beautiful sight.
Walking along the winding stone path, the stilted buildings on both sides are one of the architectural representatives of the Miao ethnic minority in China.
These unique and exquisitely structured stilted buildings hide exquisite carvings and contain a strong Miao atmosphere.
There are also towering pavilions scattered in the ancient city of Phoenix, climb high and look into the distance, overlook the ancient city, and the magnificence and majesty of the ancient city of Phoenix are in full view.
In addition, the former residence of Shen Congwen, a famous literary master in China, is also located in the ancient city of Phoenix.
This ancient building is still relatively well preserved, and the facilities and layout of the house restore the living conditions of his residence here to the greatest extent for future generations to visit and admire.
Located in Langzhong City, Sichuan Province, Langzhong Ancient City is a famous cultural ancient city in southwest China, with a history and culture of more than 2,000 years.
According to relevant information, the ancient city of Langzhong was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
By the time of Shu, it had developed into the second major political, economic, and cultural center of the country.
Therefore, the scenic spot characteristics of Bashu architecture are vividly reflected in this ancient town, and the simple and elegant style also adds charm to it.
As an "underrated" city of brilliant landscapes, the ancient city of Langzhong has the reputation of "Langwan Wonderland" since ancient times.
Here the mountains are surrounded by four sides, the water surrounds three directions, the scenery is beautiful and beautiful.
In addition to the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, it is recorded that there are eight national key cultural relics protection units and 22 provincial cultural relics protection units in the Langzhong Ancient City Scenic Area, which is a veritable "feng shui treasure land".
In the streets and corridors of the ancient city, you can see a strong atmosphere of ancient art everywhere.
Magnificent pavilions soar into the sky, filled with skillful carvings;
The courtyard of the house standing side by side has blue tile and powder walls, and the hollow flower windows are magical;
Not to mention the registered national and provincial cultural relics protection units.
In addition to these architectural features and natural landscapes, the ancient city of Langzhong also has a unique feng shui culture, Spring Festival culture, Three Kingdoms culture, imperial examination culture, and food culture.
It has the reputation of "National Famous Historical and Cultural City", "China's Excellent Tourism City" and "Hometown of Chinese New Year Culture".
The ancient city of Huizhou, also known as the ancient city of She County, is located in Huicheng Town, She County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province.
It is the birthplace of "Huixue", one of the three major local schools in China, and is known as "the southeast Zou and the state of etiquette".
The ancient city of Huizhou was built in the Qin Dynasty and has been governed by the government since the Tang Dynasty, forming a unique style of "city set city".
And this peculiar style makes every visitor who walks into the ancient city more truly feel the living environment and living atmosphere of the people who lived here at that time.
The whole ancient city of Huizhou is divided into the inner city and the outer outline, each with different cultural sites for viewing.
Among them, the most famous ones are "Heo Guo Stone Fang", "Hui Garden" and "Doosan Street".
Xu Guo Shifang is also known as "University Scholar Square", commonly known as the octagonal archway.
It is a stone carving building that imitates wood structure, and its shape and system are the only ones in China.
In addition, Xu Guo Shifang is also the only ancient Chinese archway built to commend meritorious service, Kedi, virtue and politics, loyalty and filial piety, and has the name of "the triumphal arch of the East".
Huiyuan is composed of archways, ancient dwellings and ancestral halls "Huizhou" and "Three Uniques".
The building in the park is unique in shape, exquisite in structure, and the overall layout is subtle, simple and elegant.
Integrating the essence of "Huizhou Three Carvings": "brick carving, wood carving and stone carving", it not only has cultural charm and reproduces the old style;
There are also unique stunts, showing "Hui school carving".
It is known as the "Huizhou Cultural Grand View Garden".
Doosan Street is named after the shape of the Big Dipper and is a first-class conservation area for cultural and historical cities.
Integrating ancient houses, ancient streets, ancient carvings, ancient wells and ancient plaques, it radiates the charm of the ancient city of Huizhou from the inside out, and spares no effort to show the thousand-year-old style of the ancient city of Huizhou.
Stroll through the thousand-year-old city and appreciate the rich history.
Thanks to the protection of cultural heritage by the state, we can now walk in those vibrant ancient cities and enjoy the inheritance of culture and the precipitation of time.
I hope that these "witnesses of history" can continue to stand tall in the long river of time and continue to record the world affairs of Chinese civilization.