1. Verb infinitive
1.The infinitive is the object.
In the verbs want, hope, would like, decide, wish,
The infinitive is often used as an object after choose, try, need, etc.
i hope __hear)from you soon .
2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth
he found it difficult __get) to sleep.
3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth
Stop to do sthStop doing sth.
after working for a long time , he has to stop __h**e ) a rest .
he was very tired , so he had to stop __work).
2.The infinitive of the verb is used as an object complement.
1).The infinitive verb with to is ask like would like teach tell want help +sb +to do sth
please ask him __come) quickly.
2).The infinitive that omits to is an object complement is: let make hear see notice h**e watch+sb +do sth
Note: When the infinitive of to is omitted and becomes passive, it is necessary to restore to
he made the baby __stop) crying .
the baby was made __crying.
3.The infinitive is the subject
1).When the infinitive is often used as the subject of a sentence, the predicate verb is in the singular.
2).It is often used as the subject of the form, and the infinitive is placed after the sentence.
to do sth + predicate verb + adj n =
it + predicate verb + adj n + to do sth
to get an injection is a little painful .
_a little painful __an injection
4.The infinitive is used as a definite
The infinitive is placed after the modifier.
Noun or pronoun + to do (preposition).
Note: If the infinitive verb is an intransitive verb, the corresponding preposition is added after it.
i want a pen to write __
iwant a piece of **to write __
5.The infinitive is used in conjunction with interrogative words
Question word + to do sth
Note: In the object clause, if the subject of the subject clause is the same, the object clause can be simplified to "question word + to do sth".
can you tell me howican get to the hospital ?
can you tell me __the hospital.
6.The infinitive can be used as an adverbial
1).The infinitive can be used as a purposive adverbial
Follow the verb infinitive as an adverbial after come go le**e.
he came here __get)his book.
2).The infinitive can be used as a cause adverbial
The predicative adjective (sorry sad, happy glad, afraid pleased) is followed by the verb infinitive and is used as a reason adverbial.
he was glad __see) his wife.
3).The infinitive can be used as a result adverbial
In too....to…, not…enough to…The infinitive form in the sentence pattern is used as a resultant adverbial.
he was too tired __walk) on .
7.The infinitive is used as a predicate
be + to do sth
Note: The infinitive form of the verb can be used as a predicate interchangeably with the position of the subject, and it is often used in the future.
her wish is __become) a doctor .
_is her wish .
8.The negative form of the infinitive
Add not in front of the infinitive
he told me __not stay) here .
9.Omission and retention of infinitive symbols.
1).The case of the omission of the infinitive symbol
If two or more infinitives are juxtaposed, the first infinitive symbol cannot be omitted, and the rest are omittedHowever, when there is a contrasting relationship between the two, TO cannot be omitted.
edison’s mother taught him to write and read .
ih**en’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.
2) The infinitive is omitted and the verb infinitive symbol to is retained.
will you take a walk with me ? i’m glad to .
would you like to join my birthday party ?
iwould love to .
2. Gerunds
1.A gerund is equivalent to a noun, and when used as a subject, the predicate verb is singular.
reading in bed __be) bad for your eyes.
2.Some verbs or verb phrases can only be followed by the gerund as the object.
3. Present participle
1.Now participles are often placed after see, hear, watch, notice, etc.
isaw the boy___play)in the street just now .
2.The present participle is often placed before the modified word, and the present participle phrase should be placed after the modified word, which is equivalent to a definite clause.
asleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .
did you know the man talking to mr li?=
did you know the man who was talking to mr li?
3.Now the word breaker accompanies the situation
he came into the classroom ,carrying a book.
4. Past participle
1.Complement the guest
h**e get +sth +done means asking someone else to do something.
ihad my tv repaired last night .
2.Make a definite statement
A single past participle as a definite should be placed in front of the modified word, and a past participle phrase as a definite should be placed after the modified word, which is equivalent to a definite clause.
h**e you ever read any books written by luxun?
h**e you ever read any books __written by luxun?
3.Predicate The past participle as predicate has been adjective
my cup is broken .
Junior high school allNon-predicate verbs
1. Verb infinitive (to do do sth).
1.like to do sth 2.like sb to do sth 3.let’s (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth
5.want sb to do sth 6.love to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth
9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth 11.it’s time (for sb) to do sth 12.help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth 16.find it +adj + to do sth 17.h**e to do sth 18.try (not ) to do sth 19.try one’s best to do sth
20.it’s +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth 22.s.p.+be a good place to do sth
23.it takes sb +some time + to do sth 24.send sb to do sth 25.invite sb to do sth
26.forget to do sth 27.live to be + time 28be able to do sth 29.h**e sth to do
30.seem to do sth 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.Question word + to do sth 33need sth to do sth
34.use sth to do sth 35.follow sb to sth 36.need to do sth 37.a good time to do sth
38.the best time to do sth 39.the best way to do sth 40.be the first / last one to do sth
41.would like to do sth 42.be excited /surprised to do sth 43.be useful to do sth
44.be allowed to do sth 45.allow sb to do sth 46.it’s better to do sth 47.it’s best to do sth
48.take care (not) to do sth 49.see sb do sth 50.why not do sth ?51.h**e enough time to do sth
52.too…to do sth 53.not…enough to do sth 54.encourage sb to do sth 55.choose to sth
56.wait to do sth 57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth 58.make it +adj + to do sth
59.be careful to do sth 60.be afraid to do sth 61.it’s our duty to do sth 62.used to do sth
63.can’t afford to do sth 64.make a decision to do sth 65.h**e an opportunity to do sth
66.wait for sb to do sth 67.would do sth rather than do sth 68.would rather do sth than do sth
69.hurry to do sth 70.refuse to do sth 71.agree to do sth 72.pretend to do sth
73.pretend to be doing sth 74.prefer to do sth 75.prefer not to do sth 76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth 77.be willing to do sth 78.Volunteer + Time Money + to do sth 79volunteer to do sth
80.offer to do sth 81.rush to do sth 82.in order (not ) to do sth 83.be certain to do sth
84.be sure to do sth 85.make plans to do sth 86.go out of their way to do sth 87.lead sb to do sth 88.it’s one’s job to do sth 89.it’s one’s turn to do sth 90.urge sb to do sth
91.could /would you please (not) do sth ? 92.be supposed to do sth 93.warn sb to do sth
2. Picking up the verb (doing sth).
1.like doing sth 2.enjoy doing sth 3.h**e fun doing sth 4.be interested in doing sth
5.thanks for doing sth 6.look at sb doing sth 7.stop sb doing sth 8.stop sb from doing sth
9.go + v-ing 10.do the (some )+v-ing 11.what/how doing sth ? 12.practice doing sth
13.watch sb doing sth 14.find sb doing sth 15.mind (one’s ) doing sth 16.can’t stand doing sth
17.think about doing sth 18.spend…(in)doing sth 19.finish doing sth 20.be busy doing sth
21.keep doing sth 22.keep sb from doing sth 23.keep sb doing sth 24.be good at doing sth
25.hate doing sth 26.there be + noun + doing sth 27make a living by doing sth
28.h**e a difficult time doing sth 29.feel like doing sth 30.allow doing sth 31.see sb doing sth
32.by doing sth 33.end up doing sth 34.do a survey about doing sth 35.be afraid of doing sth
36.be used to doing sth 37.be terrified of doing sth 38.give up doing sth
39.instead of doing sth 40.h**e nothing against doing sth 41.be serious about doing sth
42.h**e a chance of doing sth 43.before/ when /while +doing sth 44.start doing sth
45.h**e a lot of experience doing sth 46.prefer doing sth 47.consider doing sth
48.dream of / about doing sth 49.continue doing sth 50.put off doing sth
51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth 52.prefer doing sth to doing sth 53.without doing sth
54.be comfortable doing sth 55.can’t stop/help doing sth 56.look forward to doing sth
57.be against doing sth 58.h**e trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth 59.suggest doing sth
60.be busy doing sth 61.be worth doing sth
Non-predicate verb practice.
I.1 -what about___a rest? -ok! let's go for a walk
a.toh**e b.had c.h**e d. h**ing
2. my parents enjoy___for a walk after supper.
a. go b. goes c. to go d. going
3. please tell the students___quiet in class.
a. keep b. keeping c. to keep
4. goldilocks decided___for a walk in the forest.
a. go b. to go c. going d. goes
5. lisa is a little poor at chinese. i think she needs___it every day.
a. practise to speak b. to practise speaking c. practise speaking
6.colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad, energetic or sleepy
a feel b. to feel c. felt d. feeling
7. it took me two weeks___reading the novels written by guo jingming.
a finish b. to finish c. finishes d. finishing
8. -i've shown you all the interesting and important places of our school.
thank you for___so much time.
a taking b. spending c. costing d. h**ing
9. -let me help you carry the box, granny.
thank you, li lei. it's very nice___you___me.
a. of; to help b. for; to help c. of; helping d. for; helping
10. the teacher often told mike___too much time playing computer games.
a not to spend b. to not spend c. doesn't spend d. not spend
11. mr li asks the students___in the river, because it's too dangerous.
a swim b. to swim c. not to swim d. to not swim
12. it was such a funny show that people couldn't help __again and again.
a. laugh b. to laugh c. laughing
13. my penfriend andrew found it difficult___chinese well.
a. learning b. learn c. to learn d. learned
14. china plans to let tourists___the xisha islands in the south china sea this year.
a. visit b. visits c. visiting d. visited
15. it's dangerous __with the wild animal.
a. for us to play b. of us playing c. for us playing d. of us to play
16. the peaceful music in the cd made the students___relaxed.
a feel b. feels c. felt d. to feel
17. -is tom in the next room? -well, it's hard to say. but i heard him___loudly when i passed by just now.
a. speak b. to speak c. spoken d. speaking
18. -how about climbing the hill? -i would rather___along the river than___the hill. i'm a bit tired.
a. walk; climb b. walking; climbing c. walking; to climb d. walk; to climb
19. we must do everything we can___our earth cleaner and safer.
a. made b. to **c. make d. to make
20. when i passed the classroom, i heard a girl___in it,a sing b. to sing c. sang d. singing
21. -remember___to my daughter's dance show next friday.
of course i will. i'll never forget __her dance for the first time last year.
a. to come; to see b. coming; to see c. to come; seeing d. coming; seeing
22. i prefer __some shopping to __camping since the weather isn't lovely.
a. do; going b doing; go c. do go d. doing; going
23. drivers shouldn't be allowed __after drinking, or they will break the law.
a drive b. driving c. to drive d. to be driven
24. -tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show. -i think so. he practises __it every day.
a. play b. playing c. to play d. plays
25. -why, not __john a toy car for his birthday?
good idea! he is crazy about cars,a buy b. buying c. to buy d. buys
26. lots of fast food restaurants use the colour red___make customers __
a to; eating faster b. want to; eat fast c. to; eat faster d. to; to eat fast
27. -do you enjoy __a volunteer? -if you want __this, you'd better join us.
a. being; knowing b. to be; knowing c. being; to know d. to be; to know
28. i enjoy playing computer games, but i can't___too much time __that.
a. take; doing b. spend; doing c. spend; for doing d. take; to do
29. -why don't you go out to play, rose?
i'm afraid i can't. i h**e much homework __
a do b. does c. doing d. to do
30. -dad, why should i stop __computer games?
for your health, my boy,a to play b. playing c. play
31. since you h**e finished your homework, how about __
a. go to run b. go running c. going to run d. going running
32. we know that she enjoys __books very much.
a read b. reads c. reading d. to read
33. you need to take notes at the meeting so make sure __a pen and some **with you. a bring b. bringing c. to bring d. not bring
II. ) 1. at times, parents find it difficult___with their teenage children
a talk b talked c. talking d. to talk
2. mary called and asked her husband __home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home.
a to le**e b. le**e c. go d. to go
3. -simon, i hear you are going abroad for further study. h**e you decided___next september.
a. when going b. when to go c. how going d. how to go
4. she's not strong enough___walking up mountains.
a. to go b. going c. go d. went
5. paul made a nice cage___the little sick bird till it could fly.
a keep b kept c. keeping d. to keep
6. he promised___his old friend during his stay in tianjin.
a see b. seeing c. saw d. to see
7. don't throw away the waste **it needs __so that it can be reused.
a to destroy b. destroying c. to collect d. collecting
8. i found a letter___on the floor when i came into the classroom
a lying b. lay c. lie d. lies
9. mr wang often encourages us___close to nature and enjoy its beauties.
a. get b getting c. to get
10. it takes me half an hour___the piano every day.
a play. b. playing c. to play
11. remember___off the .lights when you le**e the room, please.
a .to turn b. turning c. turn
12. why not___your teacher for help when you can't finish___the story by yourself.
a. to ask; write b. to ask; writing c. ask; writing d. asking; to write
13. lucy is shy. she would not invite her classmates___dancing with her.
a. practise b. practises c. practising d. to practise
14. -would you like___camping with me?
i'd like to. but i'm busy___my homework.
a. to go; to do b. to go; doing c. going; to do d. going; doing
15. he is too he**y. he has decided___some exercise to keep healthy.
a. to take b. not to take c. take
16. -would you mind___the window? it's very hot. -no, not at all.
a. open b. to open c. opening
17. many old men prefer___in the peaceful countryside.
a. to live b. living c. live d. lived
18. -i didn't hear you come in just now. -that's good. we tried___any noise, for you were sleeping.
a not make b not to make c. to-make d. *
19. -do you like zhou libo's talk show? -yes. his talk show is very funny. it always makes people___
a laugh b laughed c. laughing d. to laugh
20. seeing their teacher___into the classroom, they stopped___at once.
a. walk; telling b. entering; to speak c. enter; to tell d. walking; talking
21. the retired couple enjoy __photos.
they always go out with their cameras.
a. take b. took. c. to take d. taking
22. -i'm looking forward to___my parents soon. what about you? -me too.
a seeing b see c. saw
23. he often drinks two cups of___water when he comes back.
a boiling b boil c. boiled d. boils (
24. when you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place___
a to live b. living in c. to live in
25. -george was heard___just now. what happened?
peppa was telling a joke.
a. to cry b. cry c. to laugh d. laugh
26. -why is linlin practising speaking english?
_abroad for further study.
a go b gone c. to go d. goes
27. the little boy pretended___when his mother came in.
a sleeping b asleep
c. to asleep d. to be asleep
28. everyone may feel time___very quickly when they do something interesting.
a. go by b to go by c. went by
29. the tree___by your grandma grows very will.
a planting b. is planted c. planted
30. animals are our close friends. we are supposed __them.
a .to protect b. protecting c. protect (
31. he wants to, h**e his tv___
a. repairing b repaired c. to repair (
32. -nobody likes___so we should be kind to everyone, -i agree with you.
a to laugh b. laughing at c. to be laughed d. to be laughed at (
33. how kind you are! you always do what you can __others.
a help b. helping c. helps d. to help
3. )1 The driver wanted his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to
a. park b. parked c. to park d. parking
2. -some children can't afford___necessary stationery.
let's donate our pocket money to them.
a. buy b. buying c. to buy d. be bought
3. it was dark outside. sue decided___to the bank alone.
a not going b. going not c. not to go d. to not go
4. don't throw away the waste **it needs___
a. to recycle b. recycling c. recycle (
5. -simon, what do i need to take for the hiking?
you'd better___more water than usual. it's hot today.
a to take b. take c. taking d. took
6. my old neighbour charles enjoys __photos. he always goes out with his camera.
a take b. to take c. taking d. took (
7. -what's the most important morning news on cctv today?
the chinese government warned japan___do harm to china's territorial sovereignty again and again
a to not b. didn't c. not to d. do not (
8. -mary was heard___just now. what happened?
joe was telling her some jokes.
a cry b. laugh c. to laugh d. to cry (
9. can you hear someone___in the classroom? it is mary.
a. sing b. sings c. singing d. sang (
10. -it's our duty___our city clean and beautiful.
yes. we should do something for it. a to keep b. keep c. keeping
11. -the world cup is coming. i won't __any game!
i'm looking forward to___every match of it. too.
a miss; to watch b miss; watching c. to miss; watch d. to miss; watched (
12. when summer comes, a lot of people feel like___to h**e fun
a. to swim b. swim c. swimming d. h**e swum
13. -we don't h**e enough money for our field trip. what shall we do?
the best way___money is to sell news***s.
a raise b. to raise c. raising (
14. -wow, so many coins here!
right! my father is fond of___coins. a collect b collects c. collecting
15. read the instructions before___the new machine.
a use b. to use c. using . d. used (
16. in order___for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. a. not to be late b. not being late c. to be late d. being late
17. why h**e you stopped___kitty? the singing competition is coming up soon!
a. to practise to sing b. to practise singing c. practising to sing d. practising singing
18. i wouldn't mind___a roommate. we can help each other and s**e money as well.
a h**ing b to h**e c. h**e d. had (
19. -a storm is on the way. don't forget __the window when you go to sleep, mike.
i won't, mum
a close b. closing c. to close
20. please remember___your notebook here tomorrow.
a brings b. brought c. bringing d. to bring
21. -what do you usually h**e for breakfast?
i used to___dumplings, but these days i'm used to___bread and milk
a eat; h**e b. eating; h**ing c. eating; h**e d. eat; h**ing
22. -would you like something___yes, i'd like some___
a. drink; orange b. to drink; orange c. to eat; orange d. eat; oranges
23. i like places where the weather is always warm.
i hope___hawaii this winter.
a visiting b. to visit c. visited
24. -excuse me. could you please tell me___my car?
sure. park it right here i'll help you.
a. how to stop b. where to park c. when to park
25. _vegetable juice is a good habit, which helps you eat a balanced diet.
a drink b drank c. drunk d. drinking
26. the old man prefers to___at home rather than___to h**e a picnic.
a staying; going b. stay; going c. stay; go'
27. the doctor advised my father to give up___
a. smoke b. smoking c. smokes (
28. -you look so tired.
my mother makes me___playing the piano for 2 hours every day.
a practise b. to practise c. practising (
29. -walking more is 'good for our health.
you're right. so i'd rather___an hour's walk to work than consider __a car.
a. take; driving b. take; drive
c. take; to drive d. to take; driving
30. remember to return the book to the library when you finish___it.
a. read b. to read c. reading d. reads
31. the students in this school are made___school uniforms on monday.
a to wear b. wearing c. wear d. worn
32. with the___of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. so we should do what we can___our environment.
a. develop; protect b. developing; to protect
c. development; protect d. development; to protect
Cf. *** a.
1—10 ddcbb abbaa 11—20 cccaa adadd 21—30 cdcba ccbdb 31—33 dccad b
Cf. *** II.
1—10 ddbad ddacc 11—20 acdba cabad
21—30 daccc cdaca 31—33 bdd
Cf. *** III.
1-5.cccbb 6-10.cccca 11-15.bcbcc 16-20.adacd
21-25.dbbbd 26-30.cbaac 31-35.adcab