Going to the Tang Dynasty requires a mighty qi, and this kind of qi that the Qin and Han empires once had, but eventually dissipated for various reasons. Although Wei and Jin celebrities, Wang Xizhi, Tao Yuanming and others continued the noble spiritual vein, they were too secretive to echo the world, so they could not create a prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty.
The forces of the wilderness (uncivilized brute forces) can participate in creating a great cultural flourish, as long as they can quickly self-civilize. China gained this wilderness power in time, and from the eastern foothills of the northern part of the Great Khing'an Mountains, the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe gradually became stronger.
After successfully defeating other tribes, they established the Northern Wei Dynasty and completed the unification of the Yellow River valley through a half-century of campaigns. However, after the victory and the expansion of the scope of their rule, they had to think about how to effectively lead the agricultural civilization, and finally chose to fully adopt the social management model of the Han people, and through a series of Sinicization measures, including moving the capital to Luoyang, banning the Xianbei language, changing the wearing of Hanfu, changing the name, and reforming the form of sacrifice, etc., to fully implement the Sinicization.
These orders sparked a fierce **, but Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong resolutely carried it out, and finally completed the Sinicization reform, realizing the cultural inflection point in northern China, which had a profound impact on later generations.
Thus, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong was an outstanding emperor and cultural reformer in Chinese history.
Title: "Two-way Homogeneous Vortex Mutualization" in Chinese History: The Context of the Fusion of Han Culture and Xianbei Culture Text: When you delve into the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, you may find that it is misleading to the intellectual circles of China today.
Some fanatical Han nationalists and Dazhonganists seem to believe that Emperor Xiaowen's actions proved the superiority of Han culture. However, this was not the whole story of Emperor Xiaowen's reforms.
His actions were not only motivated by the admiration of Han culture, but also by more practical reasons. When Emperor Xiaowen saw the vast territory he ruled, he realized the importance of qualifications for rule outside of the military.
He found ways to find qualifications to rule, like Alexander the Great of ancient Macedon, and whenever he conquered a place, he reverently paid homage to the gods there.
Emperor Xiaowen did not restrain his subordinates from bringing heroic spirit into Han culture, but encouraged them to fully sinicize it, so that heroic spirit could truly be integrated into Han culture. Emperor Xiaowen's Sinicization reform also affected the Han people.
He forbade the Xianbei people not to wear Hanfu and not to speak Chinese, but he did not prohibit Han people from wearing Hanfu and not speaking Chinese. This process of sinicization of "Hu people" and Hu transformation of "Han people" constitutes a blending mode of "two-way homogeneous vortex mutualization".
This model was fully embodied in the Northern Wei Dynasty, when the Han people absorbed a large number of ethnic minority ecological cultures from the north and the western regions, such as the Hu Ji, Qiang flute, Qi drum, Qiuzi pipa and other musical instruments, which were all applied in the Tang Dynasty Symphony**.
At the same time, the culture of the Tang Dynasty has also been influenced by the Han culture, forming a grand, open, free and relaxed atmosphere. More importantly, Emperor Xiaowen promoted the intermarriage between the Xianbei and Han ethnic groups, so that the integration of the two ethnic groups in blood began to be in full swing.
This is not only a fusion in the political sense, but also a non-separation in the sense of life, which is a grand harmony in the field of anthropology. Finally, we want to emphasize that the Tang Dynasty Royal Li is the crystallization of the mixed blood of the Xianbei and Han ethnic groups.
The biological mothers of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan and Tang Taizong Li Shimin are both Xianbei people, and the queen of Tang Taizong is also Xianbei people. This makes Tang Gaozong's lineage 3 4 Xianbei and 1 4 Han Chinese.
The mother of Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty is also a Xianbei person, she and the mother of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan are sisters, and their origins are regarded as "Luoyang, Henan", which is the design of Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong.
In a gentle and practical way, Emperor Xiaowen allowed his nation to participate in a great historical ceremony. He opened a road for the Tang Dynasty, which was narrow, outway, and dangerous, but eventually became a key avenue.
In general, the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen and the blending of the Xianbei and Han ethnic groups jointly shaped the history of the Tang Dynasty. It was a period full of vitality and vitality, and it was a key turning point in Chinese history.
03 The road to the Tang Dynasty, the most symbolic is the Yungang Grottoes and the Longmen Grottoes. The Yungang Grottoes are in Datong, Shanxi, and the Longmen Grottoes are in Luoyang, Henan, which are the two capitals of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The road to the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty was marked by these two grottoes. I'd love to depict them a little bit, so that those who are too immersed in the traditional Han culture will be a little shaken.
But I hesitated and decided to give up, because before Yungang and Longmen, words were not very useful. There is a piece of evidence at hand, the female writer Bingxin once visited the Yungang Grottoes with her friends when she was young, and almost used up the excited words when she wrote and described, and she almost couldn't get around, and finally admitted that the words were useless.
She wrote: Trillions of incarnations, carved all over the mountain, ghostly, terrifying. As it comes, a world, a wing, a hoof, a flower, a leaf, each with its own precision, can not be written, and cannot be painted.
The backward side makes infinite nostalgia, and the foresight causes immeasurable aspirations. The eyes can't be noted, the feet can't stop, such as stealing into the treasure house, the soul is lost, I don't know what to carry, and recalling afterwards is also like dreaming into the heavenly palace, and after waking up, the heart knows itself and can't speak, at this time I know that the words are useless!
Bing Xin was obviously taken aback. The reason is that the Xianbei rulers who presided over the construction of the grotto not only showed the majestic beauty of the wilderness here, but also heartily introduced more and more distant civilizations in the grotto.
Since they dare to relax their posture with Han culture, they will inevitably relax with other cultures.
However, Empress Feng Yuan was an exception, she refused to speak Chinese and wear Hanfu, and demanded that everyone around her be like her. This behavior bothered Takubahiro, and although he tried to convince her several times, he was unsuccessful.
In the end, in July of the twenty-seventh year of Taihe, he abolished Feng Yuan's status as the empress, demoted her to a concubine, and sent her to Yaoguang Temple for retirement. Although Feng Yuan and Tuoba Hong have a good relationship, one party in the marriage cannot be too willful, especially after becoming emperor.
Feng Yuan didn't realize this, so her ending was not unexpected. A woman's true talent lies not in her earning ability and career achievements, but in her ability to see through a man's mind and grasp a man's pulse.
The position of the queen was vacant, and Tuoba Hong remembered Feng Run. Feng Run is Feng Yuan's half-sister and entered the palace with Feng Yuan. Feng Run is beautiful and graceful, but he suffers from ** disease and is contagious.
Although Tuoba Hong likes Feng Run very much, she can only avoid it because of her illness. However, Tuoba Hong never forgot Feng Run, and after learning that her ** illness was under control, he admitted her to the palace and canonized her as the queen.
Feng Run used to be a smart and sensible girl, but the years were ruthless, and coupled with the torture of illness, she became selfish and narrow-minded. Tuoba Hong did not notice these changes, and in his heart, Feng Run was still the same as before.
No matter how smart and capable a man is, he will always be a little ignorant when facing emotional problems, and Tuoba Hong is no exception.
After Feng Run became the queen, he could not tolerate the many concubines in the harem. She firmly believed that Tuoba Hong would only love her alone, so she designed to get rid of several concubines that Tuoba Hong loved.
However, Takubahiro was busy with state affairs and rarely had time to spend with her. After a long time, she began to feel lonely and unbearable, and felt that the empty room was unbearable. Whether it's a man or a woman, problems can occur as soon as they can't resist loneliness.
Feng Run's gaze began to shift to men, and she found a man named Wang Bodhisattva interesting, and the two began to fornicate. Once things start, it's hard to stop.
Feng Run uses his power and influence to find more and more suitable lovers for himself. Feng Run's younger brother Feng Shu was named the Duke of Beiping by Tuoba Hong, and he has always coveted Tuoba Hong's sixth sister, Princess Pengcheng.
Feng Shu told Feng Run about this, and Feng Run said without hesitation, I will decide, I will marry her to you.
When Princess Pengcheng learned of this, she was very indignant and decided to consult with Tuoba Hong. And Tuoba Hong was busy fighting on the front line at this time. Princess Pengcheng told Tuoba Hong in detail what Feng Run had done.
Tuoba Hong was shocked and angry at Feng Run's presumptuous behavior, but he didn't expect his queen to be so shameless. However, the long-term fatigue had already weakened Tuoba Hong's body, and Feng Run's affairs were even worse, aggravating his condition.
Upon returning to the imperial court, Tuoba Hong immediately disposed of Feng Run, first imprisoning him and then ordering his execution. However, due to illness and anger, Tuobahong's condition gradually worsened, and he eventually passed away a few years later.
Some descendants commented that Tuoba Hong was angry with his wife.
February** Dynamic Incentive Program