The debate between the Vain Mountain and the Stone Pillar Gang is debated
Ma Yunjun. Today's Qi River is very short, but the Qi River in history is very long. The ancient Qi River is not the Qi River we see today, today's Qi River is only a small section of the ancient Qi River, and figuring out the history and geography of the ancient Qi River can help us better understand the history of the Qi River and both sides of the Qi River.
The historical geographer Mr. Shi Nianhai's research on the ancient Qi River is divided into two sections: the Qi River that flows through Qibin District today (from the source of Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province to Qimen Village, Xinzhen of Jun County) is a section, which is the upper reaches of the ancient Qi River in historyFrom below Qimen, the Guqi River generally follows today's Wei River, and continues to flow down until it reaches Lao Storkzui Village, Tunzi Town, Jun County, which is a section.
Mr. Shi Nianhai inspected Lao Storkzui Village and did not go any further. So, what about the course of the Guqi River below the old stork's beak in **?
Li Daoyuan, a historical geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty, said in "The Book of Water Notes Qishui": Qishui is in the northeast of Shandong and west of the city. "Spring and Autumn Left Biography": In the fourteenth year of Dinggong, the Guild Qi Marquis and Wei Hou Yu were also involved. Du pre-said: There is a city in the northeast of Liyang (now Junzhai Village, Wangzhuang Town, Jun County), that is, this city. Qishui and the northeast stone pillar gang, the northeast note. East through the south of Neihuang County, for the white ditch.
The ancient city of Liyang is in the east of the Da Ling Mountain in Jun County, and most of the places in Jingdian Town and Er'an Town in Neihuang County in the northeast have always belonged to Huaxian County or Linhe County in history, and only belonged to Neihuang County after liberation, which is obviously not the south of Neihuang County referred to by Li Daoyuan.
Mr. Zhang Zhi, a historical and cultural master of Anyang City, has a convincing research on the Neihuang County in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and he believes that the Hannei Huang County is in the Gucheng Village of Rengu Town, Tangyin County, and was moved to other places in the Sui and Tang dynasties. "Anyang Examination Interpretation Huang Ze and Nei Huang".
Based on this positioning, the Guqi River should flow from the east of Lao's Storkzui Village to the northeast of the village, and the river should flow east of Shaocheng Village, Wagang Town, Tangyin County, west of Wacha Village, Wuling Town, Tangyin County, until it flows to the south of Rengu Town, Tangyin County, and flows into Huangze (Guangrunbo in present-day Tangyin County and Anyang County).
Could you be more specific?The positioning of the mountain and the stone pillar hill is very important.
Vain Mountain in **?Shizhugang is in **?
First, the vain mountain is in **?
Li Daoyuan obviously located the Wasted Mountain in the northwest of Liyang, and its northwest pointed to the area of Tunzi in present-day Jun County, including the southeast of present-day Tangyin County.
1."Sui Geographical Chronicles" cloud "Jijun Liyang has vain mountains".
The "Daimyofu Zhi Jun County Chapter" in the year of the Ming Dynasty said: Shanhua Mountain ......There are three peaks such as Dingzhi, also known as three mountains, it is said that the killing is better than doing here, also known as the vain mountain.
2.Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Injection Dang Shui" also said: "The water of Changsha Ditch (that is, Yishi Ditch that flows through Tangyin) passes through the Varen Mountain in the east."
Qianlong Tangyin County Chronicles Geography Wasted People Mountain" cloud: "Wasted people mountain, in the east of the county twenty-five miles.
So, which one is accurate?Is Vain Mountain in Jun County or in Tangyin?
The Sui Geographical Chronicles "There is a vain mountain in Liyang, Jijun", but it does not specify which mountain it is. "Sui Tujing" said: Vain Mountain, commonly known as Shangyang Three Mountains, or clouds, kill than dry in this mountain, because of the name.
The "Five Rites General Examination" written by Qin Huitian in the Qing Dynasty said: "Da Ling Mountain, a Liyang Mountain, is now in the southeast of Jun County, that is, the so-called Dongshan of Jia Yan. Vain Mountain, a Shanhua Mountain, in the northwest of the county twenty-five miles, commonly known as Shangyang Mountain, that is, Jia Wei's so-called West Mountain. ”
Shangyang Mountain is Shanhua Mountain, that is, Vain Mountain.
Inside the Tang Monument. Around 2010, a tombstone of the first year of Tianyou in the Tang Dynasty (904 AD) was unearthed in Beili Yu Village, Tangyin County, more than 20 miles north of Shanhua Mountain, Jun County, and the inscription is as follows:
Among them, there is "looking at the water in the east, looking at Taihang in the west, looking at the peak of Shangyang in the south, and looking at the temple of Zhang Xianggong in the north." East to Woniugang 2 miles, west to the tomb of the Three Kings 2 miles, south to Longquan 1 mile, north to Huangquegou 2 miles". Yushui, that is, the Grand Canal of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qishui in the eyes of Li Daoyuan has been transformed by Yang Guang, the Yang Emperor of the Sui Dynasty, and has become the Grand Canal connecting Luoyang and Zhuozhou (now Beijing), which is commonly known as the "Royal River" by the common people. This also shows that the ancient Qi River was already called "Yuhe" in the Tang Dynasty, not "Yuhe" in the Song Dynasty.
Looking at Yushui in the east, Taihang in the west, Shangyang Peak in the south, and Zhang Xianggong Temple in the north" This passage shows that the ancient Qishui (Yushui) is on the east side of Shangyang Mountain and Zhang Xianggong Temple, and Shangyang Mountain and Zhang Xianggong Temple are separated from the north and south of the tomb. From the passage of "east to Woniugang 2 li, west to the tomb of the three kings, south to Longquan 1 li, north to Huangquegou 2 li", it can be determined that the tomb is near Beili Yu Village, and the south of Beili Yu Village is Shanhua Mountain. This provides a basis for us to determine the location of Shangyang Mountain, which is today's Shanhua Mountain.
Let's take a look at the vain mountain referred to in the Tangyin County Chronicle
Qianlong year of the Qing Dynasty "Tangyin County Chronicles Geography" cloud: "Yishi ditch water, to the vain mountain and Tang Shui in Yue Wang Xianqian East Gaohui Village, there are double bridges. ”
There is a high post called Gaohan Temple in the east of Tangyin County today, and the Yongtong River (that is, Changsha ditch water) and the Tang River meet here.
Obviously, this vain mountain in the Tangyin County Chronicles of the Qianlong Year of the Qing Dynasty refers to the Gaohan Temple Gang in Caiyuan Town, Tangyin County.
In the Qianlong year of the Qing Dynasty, the Tangyin County Chronicle "Geography Chronicles of the Vain People Mountain" is another cloud: "The Vain People Mountain is twenty-five miles east of the county. Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Note" said: Changsha ditch (that is, Yishi ditch) water and east through the Yuanren Mountain. Sui "Tujing" cloud: Killing is better than doing it in vain mountain. It is commonly known as Bowanggang. Because there was an ancestral hall of Zhang Xiang in the past, it was suspected that Zhang Qian was ordered to worship Han Dangyin. Moved to be similar to Qianyin, so it was falsely called the Bowang Hou Temple. ”
There is a "Zhang Xianggong Ancestral Hall" on the Gaohan Temple very early, which coincides with the unearthed Tang Monument. That is to say, the "Vain Mountain" mentioned in the Qingtangyin County Chronicle is the "Zhang Xianggong Temple" in the Tang Monument.
But Gaohan Miaogang has never been called "Shangyang Mountain". It is only in the Qianlong year of the Qing Dynasty that the Tangyin County Chronicles have a record of the Vain Mountain, which is probably related to the Sui "Tujing" record of "killing is better than doing in the Vain Mountain".
Obviously, the Gaohan Miaogang in Tangyin County is not a vain mountain in "Water Jing Zhu Qi Shui", but a kind of misunderstanding of people after the Qing Dynasty.
Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Injection Dang Shui" said that "Changsha Ditch (i.e., Yishi Ditch) water and east passage through the Vain Mountain", this Vain Mountain also refers to Shanhua Mountain. It's just that the Changsha ditch water is in the west of the Vain Mountain (Shanhua Mountain), and the Qi water is in the east of the Vain Mountain (Shanhua Mountain), and the two are separated on both sides of the Vain Mountain (Shanhua Mountain), and the Shanhua Mountain is in a north-south direction according to Huolonggang, and the Qi Water and the Changsha Ditch water flow from its southwest direction.
Therefore, Li Daoyuan said that "the water of Changshagou (i.e., Yishigou) passes through the mountains in the east", and "the northeast of Qishui flows through the people of Shandong".
Shanhua Mountain. Since then, we can determine that the "Shanhua Mountain" in today's Jun County is the "Vain Mountain" in the "Water Jing Zhu Qi Shui".
Second, Shizhugang is in **?
Water Jing Note Qi Water Chapter" and clouds: Qi Water and the northeast stone pillar Gang, the northeast note. East through the south of Neihuang County, for the white ditch.
What about Shizhugang in **?
At present, no historical records have been found about Shizhugang.
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty "Tangyin County Chronicles Volume of the Nine Arts Literary Chronicles Kaigangtou Puji River Inscription Yang Zhaolin" cloud: Thirty miles away from the city in the east of Yi, there is Bowanggang, the left of the Gangzuo depression, the confluence is a lake, and it does not dry up for many years. Every autumn rain is promiscuous, the water is the trouble, extending to the plateau, according to the West River in the north, the willow circle in the south, the 35 villages around Donggang and Xigang, all of them are Zeguo, and the large partial shop and the small partial shop are hundreds of acres of land, all belong to the barren land, and there are those who do not see the grain for more than ten years. Yu Yongzheng six years, set up a tent kiln meeting, it is expected that the Beijing building is in the west of Gangtou, and Bowanggang is far away, and the ground is rising. The time of pen and ink, when swimming with the group **. Zhan He is submerged, and he sees the soaring of Suixiong, the sky and water, and the depression. I don't see the hoe, but I look at the cover, and I don't sigh.
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty "Tangyin County Chronicles: Nine Arts and Literature Chronicles, Building the Wuling River Embankment Inscription Qin Pu" is also cloudy: Wuling (mainly referring to the area of Wacha Village, Wuling Town, Tangyin County) is near the Wei River, and the embankment along the river has been incomplete for a long time. In the summer of the second year of Qianlong, when it rains heavily, the river is steep and long, rushing and surging, straight and thin embankment, fierce and fierce, and the residents are not royal. Because of the old stork's beak people, there is an old traffic embankment, which has been rolling for a long time and has low damage, and the water overflows by this, and the prevention is not blocked, resulting in more than 20 zhang of ruin. The flood overflowed, and the villages in the embankment were flooded, and the ancient city, Rengu, Collapsed River, Shaocheng, vegetable gardens and other places were also flooded.
These two ancient inscriptions are about the southeast geographical topography of Tangyin County and the record of the water of the Wei River, so far there is a saying in the southeast of Tangyin County that "Wacha Decision, flooded half of the county", and the Wacha Village of Tangyin County is located opposite the old storkzui village in Jun County, which is consistent with the ancient Qi River channel investigated by Mr. Shi Nianhai.
Bowanggang is Gaohan Temple Gang, that is, the location of "Zhang Xianggong Temple" said by the Tang tablet unearthed in Beili Yu Village, Bowanggang is also the head of Huolonggang, and there is no high post after the ancient Qi River flows northeast from here.
Based on this, we determine that the "Shizhu Gang" in the "Water Jing Note Qi Water Chapter" is the "Gaohan Temple Gang", that is, the "Zhang Xianggong Temple" in the Tang Tablet unearthed in Beili Yu Village.
Gaohan Temple stone pillar post.
3. The course of the Guqi River below the old stork's beak.
Under the southeast slope of Bowanggang in the southeast of Tangyin County (Shuijing Injection Qishui Shizhugang), there is a long belt-shaped depression from south to north, and the traces of the ancient river channel are very obvious. Examining its geographical topography and combining with the record of Gu Qi Water in Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Zhu Qi Shui", we can basically determine that this depression under the southeast slope of Bowanggang in the southeast of Tangyin County is the old channel of the Gu Qi River.
The ancient Qi River channel in the southeast of the Dioren Mountain and Shizhugang in the Water Jing Note Qi Shui, from the following of Lao Stork Mouth Village, Tunzi Town, Jun County to the section of "East through the south of Neihuang County", we can basically determine: Lao Stork Zui (Jun County) East, Wacha (Tangyin) West - East of Shaocheng Village, Wagang Town, West Xiaozhang Village, Wuling Town - East of Liuquan Village, Wagang Town, West of Yanzuo Village, Wuling Town - East of Hanquan Village, Wagang Town, West of Yanzhuang Village, Wuling Town - southeast of Gangtou Village, Caiyuan Town, northwest of Fuzhai Village, Wuling Town - southeast of Bailong Village, Rengu Town, Northwest of Qizuo Village, Rengu Town-southeast of Gucheng Village, Rengu Town, and north of Rengu Village, Rengu Town-"East through the south of Neihuang County".
Schematic diagram of the Guqi River flowing through the southeast of Tangyin.
Satellite map icons.
What is the significance of identifying this period of history as the course of the ancient Qi River?
First, it can help us determine the core areas of the three ancient place names of Shao, Wei and Hu.
Shao, Wei and Hu are the three states strung together by the Guqi River and its tributaries. The capital of the early Wei Dynasty - Hebi Xin Village is located on the left bank of the Qi River, the capital of the Shao State - Shaocheng is located on the right bank of the ancient Qi River, and the capital of the Kingdom of Hu - Hu Yi (now Niwan Village, Weihui City) is located on the bank of the Qingshui, a tributary of the ancient Qi River, they are all located in the core area of Yinxu, the ancient Qi River is their common historical and geographical features, leaving Yinxu and the ancient Qi River to find Shao, Wei and Hu, are all nonsense. Mr. Wang Guowei thinks that the ancient Shao country is in Laishui, Hebei, which is unreasonable, and some people also think that the ancient Shao country is somewhere in the south, which is also wrong.
Second, it can help us better understand the historical context of "The Book of Songs", "The Book of Songs, Wei Feng" and "The Book of Songs".
The historical and geographical landscape described in the Book of Poetry, the Book of Poetry and the Book of Poetry and the Book of Poetry are on both sides of the ancient Qi River (from Qibin District of Hebi City to the southeast of Tangyin County), and the scenery in the Book of Poetry can still be seen here, the ancient Qi River and the hill (now Huolonggang) are still here, and the ancient Yellow River is still there. There are also traces of the ancient cold spring, and the "Book of Poetry" said that "the spring water of Bibi also flows in Qi", and its existence can also be felt.
It is precisely because "The Book of Poetry, Shaofeng", "The Book of Poetry, Wei Feng" and "The Book of Poetry" describe the landscape on both sides of the ancient Qi River, so their poetic styles are similar, and they are considered by later generations of literati to be the same national style - Wei Feng.
Third, it can help us determine the origin of ancient place names such as Anyang City.
The "Jiajing Zhangde Mansion Chronicles" (i.e., Ye Cheng) compiled by Cui Mian, a native of Anyang in the Ming Dynasty, said, "Qin Bei will Zhang Tang attack Wei and pull out Zheng." Wang Qian attacked Handan, did not pull out, led troops from Tang Baning Xinzhong, and changed his name to Anyang. Change peace to peace, righteousness is similar. Shuibei Mountain South Yang, which is in Qibei so yes!”
Cui Milling identified that "Anyang is in the north of Qishui" said Yang.
Mr. Zhang Zhi, a scholar from Anyang, based on the "Ye Cheng" "Qin Ancient City is forty-three miles southeast of the state, near Neihuang County" and other ancient records, Qin Anyang City is in Guxian Village, Tangyin County. Combined with our research on ancient Qi water, Qin Anyang City is located in the north of ancient Qi water.
Therefore, the interpretation of the "yang" of Anyang in "Ye Cheng" is correct. Anyang is in the north of the ancient Qi water, so it is called Yang.
In 1932, the "Continuation of Anyang County Chronicles" objected: "The north of the water should be named Yang, and the "Ye Cheng" is the Yang, not the north of the country but the north of Qi, which is far-fetched to say that it is solid, and it is also close to speculation. ”
This should be because they didn't know that at that time, the ancient Qi water flowed through the southeast of Tangyin County. Historical changes, ancient Qishui has evolved into "Weihe" in the southeast of Tangyin, no one knows Qishui, no wonder they.
By the way, Cui Milling is a great Confucian in the Ming Dynasty, known as "Xiao Yan Hui", very knowledgeable, and there is "Xiao Yan Lane" in the old city of Anyang to commemorate him. His father-in-law was Li Qi, the official of the Ministry of Industry who was an official in the same dynasty as him. Li Qi's hometown is located in Zhenfuzhai Village on the right bank of the ancient Qishui (now Fuzhai Village, Wuling Town, Tangyin County), according to Cui Miao's "Huan Ci" records, Cui Mi often went to Zhenfuzhai Village as a guest, he should have an understanding of the history and geography of ancient Qishui, and will not speculate.
Mr. Zhang Zhi thinks: Ning Xinzhong, Ning is a verb. Xinzhong is a whole, representing a place name technical term commonly used by the ancients, just like the "city" of Anyang City as we speak today.
Therefore, changing "Ning" to "An" is also valid.
To sum up, this is the origin of the place name "Anyang", and the old river channel of ancient Qishui plays a vital role.
Reference: Shi Nianhai, "Examination of the Ancient River in the West of Daling, Jun County", Historical Research, No. 2, 1984.
Zhang Zhi, Anyang Interpretation, Xinhua Publishing House.
Jun County Chronicles", "Tangyin County Chronicles", "Weihui City Chronicles".
Tang Bei** is provided by teacher Liu Yihua, special thanks.