Industrial chiller is a kind of equipment that can provide low-temperature cold water, which is widely used in various industrial fields, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, printing, electronics, etc. Chillers can be divided into household type and industrial type according to the purpose of use, and industrial chillers can be divided into screw chillers, low-temperature chillers, water-cooled chillers, air-cooled chillers, etc. according to their use. The structure of different types of chillers is different, but the basic composition structure is roughly the same, mainly including the following parts:
1. Compressor.
The compressor is the core component of the chiller, and its role is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and by compressing the refrigerant, increasing its temperature and pressure, the refrigerant is condensed in the condenser and evaporated in the evaporator. The compressor is the most expensive component of a chiller and one of the key factors that determine the performance and efficiency of the chiller. Depending on the application and refrigeration needs, different types of compressors can be selected, such as screw, scroll, centrifugal, etc.
Second, the condenser.
The condenser is another core component of the chiller, which is used to cool the hot refrigerant gas into a liquid while transferring heat to the cooling water or air. According to different cooling methods, condensers can be divided into two types: water-cooled and air-cooled. The water-cooled condenser dissipates heat through cooling water, which has a good heat dissipation effect, but requires regular maintenance and cleaning; Air-cooled condensers dissipate heat through air, which has a relatively poor heat dissipation effect, but does not require the use of cooling water and is easy to install.
3. Evaporator.
The evaporator is another important part of the chiller, which is used to evaporate the liquid refrigerant into gas and absorb heat, so as to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. The evaporator is usually made of copper or aluminum tubes, with cold water flowing inside the tubes and evaporator refrigerant passing through the tubes. Evaporators can be divided into two types: dry evaporators and flooded evaporators. The refrigerant of a dry evaporator flows inside the copper tube, while the refrigerant of a flooded evaporator is fully filled outside the copper tube.
4. Expansion valve and capillary.
Expansion valves and capillaries are the components that control the flow and pressure of the refrigerant. Expansion valves are usually installed between the condenser and the evaporator to control the cooling capacity of the evaporator by controlling the flow of refrigerant. The capillary is a throttling element, usually installed at the outlet of the evaporator, which plays the role of throttling and depressurization. The length and inner diameter of the capillary need to be selected according to the cooling capacity of the evaporator and the type of refrigerant.
5. Control system.
The control system is the command center of the chiller, which is responsible for controlling the normal operation and safety protection of the chiller. The control system mainly includes various sensors, controllers and actuators. Sensors are used to detect various parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow, etc.; The controller controls the running status of the chiller according to the detection results of the sensor; The actuator performs the corresponding actions according to the instructions of the controller, such as switching the power supply, adjusting the valve, etc.
The above is the main structure of the industrial chiller, and each part cooperates with each other to complete the refrigeration task. There may be slight differences between different types of chillers, but the basic principles and structures are similar. Understanding and mastering these structures and working principles can help us better use and maintain chiller equipment, improving its operational efficiency and reliability.