"There are talented people from generation to generation, and each has led hundreds of years of ......", this is the opening poem of the fascinating long chapter of Hui Ti history ** "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". This masterpiece not only has countless readers in the Chinese-speaking world, but has also had a profound impact on the world.
**, this great man of the ancient and modern world, under the influence of the "Zizhi Tongjian", paid special attention to the Three Kingdoms period. Whether it is Luo Guanzhong's ** "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or Chen Shou's official history "Three Kingdoms", * I read it repeatedly and annotated it many times when I was a teenager.
In 1936, he shared his reading experience in a conversation with an American journalist, specifically mentioning ancient Chinese legends, such as "Water Margin", "Zuo Chuan", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Journey to the West".
Among them, the stories of deceit, offensive and defensive conversion, and winning more with less in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" provided him with a lot of knowledge and practical truths about marching and arranging. These knowledge and principles not only provided indispensable theoretical guidance for the people of the whole country and leading cadres at all levels at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on future generations, greatly reducing the mistakes made by the Chinese people in the process of understanding and transforming the world.
Many characters in the Three Kingdoms period have been evaluated, among which his evaluation of Liu Bei is particularly profound. In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", when Cao Cao and Liu Bei cook wine and talk about heroes, we can see that Liu Bei may not be as good as Cao Cao in terms of knowledge.
However, it was precisely because he had a group of wise and brave people around him who gave him advice that he was able to achieve success in later generations. Chen Shou, the author of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, also gave a very objective evaluation: "The ancestor of Hongyi is generous, knows people and treats people, covers the style of ancestors, and is a hero." ”
In other words, Liu Bei is just like the original Han Gaozu, who can know how to make good use of people, and has the demeanor and strength of a leader.
I have Kong Ming, just like a fish has water. * Agree with this statement.
Liu Bei is a discerning leader who knows how to identify and appoint talents. For example, after the capture of Changsha, it was suggested that Wei Yan be executed on the grounds that he had a backbone in the back of his head.
However, Liu Bei was not affected by the gossip, he saw that Wei Yan was brave and skillful, and he was very smart, so he insisted on staying and reusing Wei Yan. As it turned out, Liu Bei's decision was correct, and Wei Yan later became an indispensable and important force in Shu Han.
** He once applied this wisdom of Liu Bei to real life, emphasizing the importance of a good relationship between cadres and the masses. He took the story of Liu Bei's entry into Yizhou as an example to remind leaders to pay attention to problems in organizational construction and personnel unity.
This story has been used as a warning to leading cadres and the importance of unity and cooperation.
** It was once pointed out that Liu Bei had two major shortcomings that made him unable to compare with Cao Cao, who was both wise and brave. He pointed out that Liu Bei was always because of these shortcomings, resulting in "when things come out, they can't see through them at a glance and grasp them in time, and they are always slow to act", which eventually led to him missing a good opportunity to unify the country.
Under the leadership of ***, after the peaceful liberation of Beiping, he and the ** organ left. When resting on the way, ** said with emotion: "We came to the place of 'Taoyuan Three Knots'.
Liu Bei is a man with great ambitions, but his shortcoming is that he replaces policy with feelings, which ultimately leads to his own failure. * Take this as an example to warn the cadres not to be Li Zicheng, not to be arrogant, and to use reason and policy to deal with problems.
His remarks are full of a deep understanding of history, as well as his wisdom and vision.
Liu Bei's image of affection and righteousness is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, whether it is the description of Changbanpo in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, or the depiction of the fiery sex in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it vividly shows his personality charm.
It is precisely because of his affection and righteousness in troubled times that the people are willing to follow him, which is also an important reason why he was able to obtain the nickname Emperor Zhaolie. However, history has taught us that as a political leader who is in charge of the lives and deaths of millions of people, it is not enough to focus on affection, because it is easy to be emotionally influenced by major decisions, which can lead to irreparable disasters.
** Liu Bei once criticized Liu Bei for ignoring the overall situation and acting with will, which also reminds us that whether on the battlefield or in political decision-making, we should not be swayed by feelings, but should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.
Liu Bei's family was poor in his early years, and he was friendly with the small people in the market, which formed his characteristic of valuing feelings. In the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Liu Bei was awarded the post of county lieutenant for his meritorious service in assisting the Han army in suppressing the Yellow Turban Army.
Liu Bei could have used this position to recruit soldiers locally to increase his strength and prestige. However, in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Liu Bei was forced to resign because his second brother Zhang Fei violently beat the postal supervisor sent by the imperial court, causing his own men to flee in all directions.
In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Liu Bei was listed as a target for dismissal because of the policies of the imperial court. The superintendent was in charge of layoffs, and Liu Bei personally went to meet him, but the superintendent pretended to be sick and disappeared.
Liu Bei was furious, rushed in with people, hung the official seal around his neck, and gave 200 lashes before abandoning the official.
When Liu Bei was faced with emotional troubles, he frequently moved between various forces over the years, like a stray dog, and was in danger several times, and may even be wiped out.
However, with Zhuge Liang's assistance, Liu Bei won the Battle of Chibi and successfully captured Jingzhou and Yizhou, consolidating the cornerstone of Shu Han. During this period, Liu Bei's prestige reached its peak, and even Sun Quan chose to marry him to seek the strength to fight together.
During this glorious period, it seemed that there was hope for the revival of the Han dynasty, but Liu Bei lacked Liu Xiu's political talents, and his emotional personality eventually ruined the overall situation.
Under the guidance of "Longzhong Pair", Liu Bei has achieved many great achievements. Among them, Jingzhou has a superior terrain and is surrounded by water on three sides, which is a typical place where dragons and tigers are located, and has extremely important strategic significance for Shu Han.
For this reason, after careful consideration, Liu Bei decided to hand over the garrison of Jingzhou to the loyal and brave Guan Yu, and sent Mi Fang to assist.
Guan Yu and Mi Fang don't like each other in Jingzhou, Guan Yu is an extremely arrogant person, and his passing five levels and killing six generals and going to the meeting with a single knife can reflect this. Mi Fang is Liu Bei's confidant, and he doesn't like Guan Yu, a martial artist.
The two sides clashed in Jingzhou every day, Guan Yu reprimanded Mi Fang by force, and Mi Fang also used means to interfere with Guan Yu's training.
A fire broke out in Nanjun, and the ** library in Mi Fang's stills was burned to the ground. Guan Yu angrily reprimanded Mi Fang, but he was so frightened that the six gods had no master. Under such circumstances, Sun Wu took the opportunity to send Lü Meng to disguise himself as a businessman, and plotted against Mi Fang to attack Jingzhou, and finally killed Guan Yu.
Liu Bei made a lot of calculations, but he didn't expect that Guan Yu's eyes couldn't contain sand, if he had known that this was the case, he would definitely restrain Guan Yu.
Liu Bei, in deep self-blame and chagrin, was once again carried away by emotions. In order to avenge Guan Yu and make up for the strategic losses of Shu Han, he ignored the advice of Zhuge Liang and others, poured the strength of the whole country, went down the river, and marched into Eastern Wu.
However, the result of this battle of Yiling made Shu Han almost annihilated, completely buried Zhuge Liang's strategy of "Longzhong Pair", and forced Zhuge Liang to go north in order to protect himself.
At a special historical moment, ** took Liu Bei's Three Kingdoms stills as an example to warn cadres not to be complacent. The liberation of Peking marked the imminent victory of total victory, however, many cadres began to lose their minds.
**Before entering Beiping, he reminded everyone: "Li Zicheng is a peasant leader, he unveiled the rod and led the troops, went forward one after another, and finally won the victory, but he failed as soon as he was proud, and even his life was not saved."
We can't be the next Li Zicheng! ”
** The fight against corruption under the leadership Although the call of *** has made most cadres stick to the bottom line of morality, there are still some cadres who are driven by ** and begin to show a tendency to be corrupt and degenerate.
On February 10, 1952, the first corruption case of the Republic shocked the whole country, and the perpetrators ** Shan and Zhang Zishan were both senior national cadres, who followed the Red Army all the way to the establishment of New China.
However, after their positions were promoted, their mentality changed, and they embezzled them, withheld grain, colluded with profiteers, and resold steel, amounting to more than 1.7 million yuan, which had an extremely bad impact on people from all walks of life in New China.
It turned out that the case of **Shan and Zhang Zishan attracted huge attention at the public trial meeting, and because of the high level of their cadres, Hebei Province ** did not dare to make a decision on its own.
Therefore, the case was transferred to *** and further submitted to *** who, after reviewing the case file, did not hesitate to make the decision to execute.
However, this question was raised, asking whether the verdict could be changed if someone interceded for the two persons. In this regard, ** once again made a resolute response: "Not allowed. ”
Under the resolute attitude of ***, **Shan and Zhang Zishan were finally sentenced to the punishment of being shot by law. This move had a strong shocking effect on the whole country and effectively safeguarded the achievements of the New China Revolution that was still struggling against various reactionary forces at that time.
** Point out a fatal flaw of Liu Bei: unable to distinguish between primary and secondary contradictions. In 1941, the New Fourth Army was besieged by the Kuomintang in southern Anhui and almost completely annihilated.
**In the face of the influx of people, he deliberately gave an example of the Battle of Qiting of Liu Bei of Shu Han in history, so as to show that at this time, the Kuomintang army was following Lu Xun's strategy of waiting for work at ease, and our army would inevitably suffer huge losses if it acted rashly.
** Emphasizing that the most important thing at present is the anti-Japanese united front, and this main contradiction needs to be resolved by our concentrated efforts, while the secondary contradiction of the Kuomintang can be put aside for the time being.
In this way, ** succeeded in calming down the anger within the party and effectively supported the anti-Japanese cause of the whole of China.
During the Three Kingdoms period, China's economic center was located in the north, with the regions north of the Yangtze River being the richest. After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao to unify the north, the main reason why he was able to stabilize the border between the north and the barbarians in a short period of time was here.
As a separatist force, Eastern Wu has formed an alliance of interests with the local tribes, and with the advantage of the Yangtze River moat, it is impossible to easily surrender to the northern forces controlled by Cao Cao.
Therefore, Cao Cao became the main contradiction between Liu Bei and Sun Quan.
Under Zhuge Liang's careful planning, Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and successfully defeated Cao Cao's army in the Battle of Red Cliffs, paving the way for the development of Shu Han. Although Cao Cao's northern power was not devastated, with the abundance and resources of the north, Cao Wei's army was bound to make a comeback and attack southward in time.
Liu Bei was furious and raised troops to fight against Sun Quan, wanting to avenge his beloved second brother Guan Yu and the lost Jingzhou. However, Zhuge Liang and other strategists advised Liu Bei to endure this evil breath and wait for the opportunity to take revenge in the future.
Zhuge Liang made a painful statement, pointing out that the culprit of Jingzhou's fall was Cao Cao, not Sun Quan, and hoped that Liu Bei would accept Qin Mi's advice, recuperate, wait for the opportunity, and seek a better future for the country and the world.
After watching the stills of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei said loudly: "I have already decided, no one should persuade me again!" Although Liu Bei was already ready to shoot at this time, he had to send it, because Shu Han was a team formed by Liu Bei with affection and kindness, if he didn't avenge Guan Yu, I was afraid that a civil strife would break out in Shu Han after he returned.
As the ancients said: "There is only one famous general of Shu Han, Guan Yu, and after Guan Yu's death, the morale of the army will decline." ”
Liu Bei showed the emotions of a gambler in the Three Kingdoms drama, because he felt that it was not impossible to recapture Jingzhou when the Eastern Wu had a firm foothold and the troops were scattered. However, his attack was disrupted by Lu Xun's burning company camp, resulting in numerous casualties, and finally died of grief in the White Emperor City.
** once criticized Liu Bei, thinking that although he has the wisdom to understand people, he is ambitious and talented, impatient and unstable. At the Chengdu Conference in March 1958, he also said: "Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period was not good, and it was more suitable for someone more experienced to lead." ”
** evaluation is not simply praise or belittlement, but through the use of materialist dialectics, objective and dialectical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of historical figures, so as to achieve the use of the past for the present.
We should learn from Liu Bei's excellent qualities of knowing how to make good use of people and treating people generously, and at the same time, we should also recognize his shortcomings, such as being burdened by love. Thoughts and words still have value in guiding us in building a happy life today.