Humble turnipsZhang Xiongwen.
If the cuisine is also a strict society, then the radish greens, which are similar to sea cucumber and bird's nest, are the most ordinary and low-level people, like ordinary and simple husbands and wives in the countryside.
Turnips took over almost all of my taste memories on my childhood dinner table. I don't know if it's my mother's super high skills or the radish is cheap and easy to raise, a few furrows dug in the vegetable field on the hillside, I didn't see how to serve, the radish rubbed out, happily spread a layer of oily greenery, rendering the late autumn or midwinter of the mountain village of the grass and trees into a vigorous spring, and also steaming my family's barren dining table. Shredded radish, radish cubes, diced radish, radish strips, or fried, or stewed, or boiled, or pickled, without the companionship and comfort of meat and bones, and even the oil stars in the soup are very limited. On the cold Chinese New Year's Eve, the radish was finally able to get close to a grass carp that had just been distributed in the production team's pond, and was simmered in an iron pot by the smiling mother, and then accompanied by white peppers dried and collected in the summer, to make a large bowl of oily fish radish. My father took a piece of radish that seemed to have suddenly become much fatter, stretched it into my rice bowl, which was a little too fast, and told a story in the village with a smile: there was no fish and meat in a certain family for the New Year, only two bowls of radish and greens, and the husband was not less interested, and said to his wife loudly, eat less radishes, eat more vegetables! This happened to be heard by a neighbor passing by, thinking that his family had made a fortune this year and got some rare vegetables, so he curiously looked at the crack in the window and saw that there was just a bowl of green vegetables, so he laughed dumbly. Many years later, my old father probably didn't remember this and said it many times, and he always had to repeat it to us happily during the New Year.
The router is so common that it is often despised by a certain noble to the lowly. A high-end newspaper that happened to be spread out in his hand came into view with an inkblot headline: "Why did rare earth sell for 'radish price'?" If you don't read the content, you know that radish is cheap in the author's heart, and like the pitiful cabbage in "Cabbage Price", people can't hide some kind of neglect and disdain. I don't have much affection for turnips either. It is probably a childhood that has eaten enough radishes for other people's lives, and the skin texture and pores are full of radish flavor, as if people who grew up on the grassland always have a pungent sheepish smell on their bodies no matter how they go. When I became an adult, there were radishes on the table, and even if I had pork ribs, local chickens and ducks and other passionate companions, I never moved chopsticks easily.
It was many years later that I realized my ugliness and shallowness. The "ancestors of radish are also wide", and they are indeed not ordinary, and even the name is very elegant: reed, laiphane, luofu or hail, like some high-class masters with a crown and a bold and extravagant atmosphere. Radish had a prominent place in the Book of Songs as early as 2,500 years ago. "The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Xinnanshan" said: "There is a house in Zhongtian, and there is a melon in Xinjiang." It is to peel and dedicate the emperor to the ancestors. ”
Su Dongpo, the most romantic celebrity in the Northern Song Dynasty, had a soft spot for radish. One day I walked to the vegetable garden, and saw that the radish stems and leaves in the garden were green and green, and the long beard was twisted, and the poem came out of his mouth: "In autumn, the frost and dew are all over the east of the garden, and the reeds give birth to mustard and grandchildren." I am full with He Zeng, and I don't know how to eat chickens and porpoises. In his eyes, the earthy radish has surpassed the fatness of chicken, duck and fish, and has become an indispensable favorite.
Mr. Dongpo is far from the only one who loves and respects turnips. Liu Zihui, a Song ** scholar, was suddenly attacked by Jingkang, and the father of the envoy died in Jinying. State affairs and family affairs could not be looked back, he sat on the chair of the general judgment for a while, and then resolutely hung up the seal and resigned, presiding over the Chongyou Temple in the depths of Wuyi Mountain, feeding on light rice and garden vegetables, and taking lectures and preaching as his responsibility. One day, he occasionally walked into the vegetable garden with slightly brushed stems and leaves, and sighed: "The dense soil is deeply rooted, and the wind and frost have been experienced. How pure white matter, near the pedicle stained slightly blue. ”
There are also poets who are deeply upset by turnips. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when Xie Yingfang, a physicist who was "plain and noble", was hiding from the war, he ate radish one day, looked at the treacherous clouds outside the window, and suddenly sighed: "The green dragon vein is crispy and fragrant." The jade is like Kungang. Poor not into the Yao Chi banquet, to curling, the flavor is desolate. ”
What I didn't expect was that radish not only wrapped in the stomach, but also warmed and comforted the sluggish stomach in the hunger, and could also remove diseases and cure diseases, which was no less than the noble ginseng in the eyes of the world. A Chinese medicine friend said that radish is sweet and spicy, non-toxic, dissolves stagnation, detoxifies alcohol, and disperses blood congestion. Eating radish often has many effects such as digestion, smoothing qi, dissolving phlegm, relieving cough, moistening the intestines, diuretic, clearing stool and replenishing deficiency. Seeing that my face was full of suspicion and disbelief, he casually handed over a yellowed "Essay on Chongqing Hall". I flipped through it, it was a medical book written by Wang Bingheng in the Qing Dynasty, and the words and sentences were condescending, but I could still roughly understand it. Really.
There is "Huang Su saw a blind reed seed to urinate, and was surprised." Gai does not know that the reed is also the fastest thing to breathe, and those who take it will pass it, and the disease is due to the closure of the air", "The reed can make face poison, so one comes to take it, and the word is also taken" and many other records. Wang Bingheng's reputation is not obvious, I refused to lie in wait in the end, and after I went back, I quietly found a "Compendium of Materia Medica", and finally convinced.
A few days ago, I happened to read the newspaper and learned that radishes can also be drunk with tea. The method is: wash the radish, slice it and boil it, and then drink it with a pot of good tea. The function is to clear the lung heat, especially to clear the poisonous heat accumulated in the human body due to the heat before the heat, so that people are refreshed. What is the medicinal effect of this kind of eating, regardless of it for the time being, just one of the sentences "radish is tea, so angry that the doctor crawls all over the ground" leads me to laugh more than once, and there seems to be a miserable situation in front of me where the ordinary and arrogant doctors are helpless to lose their jobs and have no way to ask for help. In this case, it is actually the doctor who should make a feud with the radish.
During these days of studying in the Lu Academy in Beijing for four months, the canteen on the basement floor had a rich amount of food, a wide variety of food, and it changed every day, and I was deeply afraid that we would be treated badly by the sour and rotten dancers of the literary and ink artists, but it was bitter and spicy, and it gradually became like purgatory for me, a Hunan person who loves spicy food. At dinner today, a classmate and fellow villager stepped into the restaurant, mysteriously took out a glass bottle from his arms, and stared at me for a long time before hesitating to say that something was sent at home. When I opened it, it was chili powder mixed with radish strips, pickled. I vaguely saw a jar of medicine that I was used to eating as a child, the spicy and crisp taste reappeared in my mind and rushed to the top door, quickly reached out and grabbed it, picked up most of it to the plate, and didn't care that he stomped his feet with a bitter face and said, "Leave some, leave some", and then buried his head and ate it happily.
Selected from "Selected Essays" Issue 2, 2020).
18. Briefly summarize the difference between the author's attitude towards turnips? And briefly analyze what are the reasons for the different attitudes? (6 points).
19. The language of the article gives people a sense of vividness and elegance, how do you think the article achieves these two effects? (3 points).
20. Briefly analyze the role of the last paragraph of the article. (3 points).
21. What are the similarities between the writing style of the article and "In Praise of the Poplars"? Try to combine the two articles with a brief analysis. (3 points).
Cf. ***
18. (1) Attitude: Before: contempt, disdain, no favor. Reason: Turnips occupy almost all the gustatory memories on the author's childhood table (the author ate enough radishes in his childhood to eat other people's turnips in his childhood); The common sight of radish is very humble in people's hearts.
2) Attitude: After: Respect, praise. Reason: The "ancestors of the radish are also wide", and they are brilliant. Radish not only wraps the abdomen, but also has the effect of removing diseases and curing diseases.
19. The article uses metaphors and anthropomorphic rhetorical techniques, and quotes humorous anecdotes and colloquialisms to make the language vivid; The article uses elegant words and quotes a large number of ancient poems and sentences to make the language elegant.
20. Structurally: It corresponds to eating radishes as a child in the previous article. Content: Describe the incident of eating spicy radish happily while studying in Beijing, showing the author's love and attachment to radish, and pointing out the theme of the article.
21. They all use the writing method of wanting to promote and suppress first. "In Praise of the Poplar" first writes about the monotony of the Loess Plateau, and then praises the appearance and spirit of the poplar tree, first suppressing and then raising; This article first writes about the ordinary simplicity of radish, and people despise it, and then writes about the love and respect of the ancients for radish, and the efficacy of radish, first suppressed and then promoted.