Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Capacity Building of Power Grid Peak Regulation and Intelligent Dispatching" Policy Interpretation.
The construction of power grid peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching capacity is the main measure to improve the regulation capacity of the power system, the key support to promote the large-scale and high-proportion development of new energy, and the important content of building a new power system. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and relevant departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Power Grid Peak Regulation and Intelligent Dispatching Capacity" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions"), which systematically put forward the overall requirements, main objectives, key tasks and safeguard measures for the construction of power grid peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching capacity, providing a solution for the formation of power system regulation capacity suitable for the rapid development of new energy, and building a new power system, promoting clean and low-carbon energy transformation, and ensuring the safety and stability of energy and power Significant significance.
1. Deeply understand the importance of improving the capacity building of power system regulation
(1) Improving the capacity building of power system regulation is the proper meaning of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system
With the continuous acceleration of the pace of construction of new power systems, the scale of China's power grid is expanding day by day, the power grid components are becoming more and more diversified, the traditional AC power grid is transforming to the AC and DC hybrid power grid, and the "double high" characteristics of "high proportion of renewable energy" and "high proportion of power electronic equipment" are becoming more and more prominent. By the end of 2023, China's installed renewable energy power generation capacity will reach 151.6 billion kilowatts, accounting for more than 50% of the country's power generation capacity, and renewable energy power generation is nearly 3 trillion kilowatt hours, accounting for about 1 3 of the electricity consumption of the whole society. Increasing the capacity building of power grid peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching can effectively improve the regulation capacity of the power system, and can effectively solve the problem of power balance in medium and long time scales and the safety and stability problems such as anti-disturbance performance and frequency regulation and voltage regulation in short time scales brought by the "double high" characteristics to the power system, which is an important part of ensuring the safety and abundance of the new power system.
(2) Improving the capacity of power system regulation is an inevitable choice to alleviate the contradiction of new energy consumption
By the end of 2023, the total installed capacity of wind and solar power generation in China will reach 10About 500 million kilowatts, accounting for 36% of the power generation machine. With the rapid increase in the penetration rate of new energy, both the new energy base projects in the north and the distributed energy resources in the central and eastern regions are facing severe consumption pressure. Due to the huge impact of the intermittent and fluctuating nature of new energy on the stable operation of the power system, it is urgent to strengthen the peak regulation capacity of the system, promote the construction of various energy storage capabilities, and promote the construction of intelligent dispatching capabilities, so as to provide key support for the consumption of new energy.
(3) Improving the capacity of power system regulation is the development orientation of improving the operational efficiency of the power system
On the power supply side, with the grid-connected access of large-scale new energy, the grid-connected points and nearby local power grids will produce a series of impacts including voltage sags, frequency deviations, harmonics and three-phase imbalance. On the load side, the rapid development of new diversified loads represented by electric vehicles may exacerbate the power quality problems of the distribution network in local areas and specific periods due to the temporal and spatial uncertainty of their loads. Increasing the capacity building of power grid peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching can effectively adapt to the intelligent regulation and control needs of multiple interactions of source, grid, load and storage, stabilize the fluctuation of new energy and electricity load, prolong the service life of generator sets, improve the utilization rate of power transmission and transformation equipment, and improve the power quality of users, which is of positive significance for improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy resources.
Second, take into account the overall consideration, and systematically establish a new model for improving the regulation capacity of the power system
(1) Scientifically set the goal of improving the regulation capacity of the power system
The "Guiding Opinions" co-ordinate the key links of power system regulation capacity such as peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching, and propose that by 2027, the pumped storage power station will be put into operation to more than 80 million kilowatts, and the demand-side response capacity will reach more than 5% of the maximum load. At the same time, we will focus on policy guarantees, requiring the establishment of a policy system to ensure the market-oriented development of new energy storage and the formation of an intelligent dispatching system that adapts to the new power system, so as to support the proportion of new energy power generation in the country to reach more than 20% and the utilization rate of new energy to remain at a reasonable level.
(2) Systematic planning to improve the ability to adjust on the basis of safety and abundance
The "Guiding Opinions" focus on peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent scheduling, highlight all aspects of the whole process such as planning, construction and operation, put forward requirements from all aspects of technology, management, policy and mechanism, and give full play to the role of various regulatory resources of source, grid, load and storage. At the same time, it is required to adhere to the safety first.
1. Establish first and then break down, dynamically study and judge the power system's demand for regulation capacity, appropriately accelerate the construction of peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching capabilities, promote the power system to maintain a reasonable margin of regulation capacity, enhance the ability to prevent and respond to extreme situations, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.
(3) Orderly and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of all types of entities to build adjustment capacity
Whether various entities can be effectively mobilized to implement the requirements of peak regulation capacity building in their respective fields is the key to improving peak regulation capacity. The "Guiding Opinions" highlight the concept of "market-led, policy support", through a variety of market mechanisms and policy mechanisms, give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, better play the leading role, improve the market system and mechanism that reflect the value of flexible adjustment, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of subjects to build adjustment capabilities.
3. Implement classified policies and comprehensively explore a new path for improving the regulation capacity of the power system
(1) Strengthen peak regulation capacity
The "Guiding Opinions" focus on the construction of peak regulation resources on the power supply side, the power grid side, and the demand side, and consider the balance between various types of regulation capacity as a whole. On the power supply side, systematic arrangements will be made for peak regulation of coal, renewable energy, gas and nuclear power。 Among them, for the flexible transformation of coal-fired power plants, the "Guiding Opinions" requires that by 2027, the flexible transformation of existing coal-fired power units "should be changed as much as possible"; For the depth of flexible transformation of coal-fired power, on the basis of the existing requirement of 35% minimum output (40% for pure condensing units and 40% for heating units), the "Guiding Opinions" further enhance the depth of transformation of coal-fired power in areas with a high proportion of new energy and insufficient peak regulation capacity, requiring that the minimum power generation output of coal-fired power units reach less than 30% of the rated load under the premise of ensuring safety, so as to further enhance the role of coal-fired power as a flexible regulated power source. On the power grid side, the "Guiding Opinions" focus on the optimal allocation capacity of the power grid, requiring that the role of the large power grid as an optimal resource allocation platform be given full play, strengthen the construction of the grid at the sending and receiving ends, strengthen the construction of inter-regional and inter-provincial contact lines, explore the application of new transmission technologies such as flexible DC transmission, and improve the transmission and consumption capacity of renewable energy with a high proportion. On the demand side, the "Guiding Opinions" focus on giving full play to the role of various new business formats, requiring in-depth exploration of the potential of resources such as adjustable loads and distributed power sources, supporting the formation of large-scale regulation capabilities through the aggregation of load aggregators, virtual power plants and other entities, and promoting the implementation of minute-level and hour-level demand response, so as to cope with the short-term power supply and demand tension and the difficulty of new energy consumption.
(2) Promote energy storage capacity building
Pumped storage and new energy storage have become an important part of improving the regulation capacity of the system, and the "Guiding Opinions" highlight the coordinated development of energy storage in all aspects of power generation, transmission and distribution, and require the overall planning of pumped storage and other regulation resources, and the rational layout, scientific and orderly development and construction of pumped storage power stations; On the power supply side, new energy enterprises are encouraged to reasonably determine the scale of energy storage allocation based on system demand, and improve the level of new energy consumption and utilization; On the grid side, it is encouraged to optimize the layout of energy storage in combination with the operation needs of the system to improve the efficiency of energy storage operation; On the user side, relying on the integrated mode of source, grid, load and storage, the user-side energy storage is reasonably allocated, and the electric vehicles are promoted to participate in the regulation of the power system in various forms, so as to give full play to the flexible adjustment ability of the user side. Technological innovation is still the core of the development speed and degree of new energy storage, in view of the blooming of various new energy storage technologies, the "Guiding Opinions" emphasize that it is necessary to combine the needs of different application scenarios of the power system, select appropriate energy storage technology routes, carry out integrated innovation and research of key core technology and equipment, focus on overcoming long-term energy storage technology, solve the system regulation needs of time scales above the day, and explore and promote the coordinated development and optimal allocation of other types of energy storage technologies to meet the needs of multi-scenario applications of energy systems.
(3) Promote the construction of intelligent dispatching capacity
The new digital and intelligent power system can more efficiently realize the coordination of source, grid, load and storage, promote multi-energy complementarity and multi-interaction, and is an effective control means to improve the regulation ability of the system. The "Guiding Opinions" require that, based on the application of advanced digital information technology, efforts should be made to improve the collaborative interaction capabilities of power supply, energy storage, load and power grid, focusing on the two cores of "large power grid" and "distribution network", and putting forward specific construction goals for the cross-provincial and cross-regional coordination and dispatching ability of the large power grid and the new distribution network dispatching and operation mechanism. Adjustable resources such as electric vehicles can be connected to the grid to improve resource allocation capabilities and local consumption of new energy. The "Guiding Opinions" require the exploration of multi-energy varieties and the coordinated dispatching mechanism of source-grid-load-storage, improve the overall regulation performance of large-scale renewable energy bases, optimize the collaborative optimization of various entities of source-grid-load-storage, and reduce the regulation pressure of large power grids.
Fourth, strengthen the mechanism to stimulate the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in the improvement of the power system regulation capacity
(1) Strengthen market mechanisms
The market mechanism is the basis for stimulating all kinds of entities to improve their ability to adjust. The "Guiding Opinions" require that the independent market position of the main body of the regulating resources on each side of the source, grid and load be clarified, the construction of the electricity spot market should be accelerated, and the regulated resources should be supported to obtain benefits through market-oriented methods. The "Guiding Opinions" proposes to explore the benefits of coal-fired power units through market-oriented start-stop peak regulation, and explore the increase of auxiliary services such as standby, climbing, and moment of inertia. The "Guiding Opinions" proposes to establish an ancillary service sharing mechanism with the participation of power users in accordance with the market-oriented principle of "who benefits, who bears", so as to fully stimulate the enthusiasm of the main body on the power side.
(2) Strengthen the best mechanism
*Mechanism is the driving force that stimulates all kinds of subjects to improve their ability to adjust. For coal-fired power, the "Guiding Opinions" proposes to implement a coal-fired power capacity electricity price mechanism through partial or full fixed costs of capacity electricity prices, so as to stabilize the expectations of the coal power industry. For energy storage, due to the lack of a stable first-class mechanism and a mature business model, the grid side, the power supply side, and independent energy storage cannot form a stable income, and it is necessary to continuously update and iterate to continuously improve the energy storage formation mechanism, which is required by the "Guiding Opinions". For the load-side mechanism, the existing peak-to-valley time-of-use electricity price, peak electricity price, etc., can effectively motivate the user side to participate in system regulation, and can promote users to actively allocate flexible resources such as energy storage.
(3) Strengthen the management system
The "Guiding Opinions" require the establishment and improvement of technical standards and management systems related to peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching of power systems, and the improvement of technical standards for new energy and energy storage grid connection, virtual power plants, and deep peak regulation of coal power, so as to fully adapt to the requirements for improving the regulation capacity of the new power system from the perspective of standards, so as to achieve standard guidance. Network information security is the top priority to improve the ability to regulate, and the "Guiding Opinions" require that the network security guarantee capacity of the new power system be strengthened, and the risk prevention of intelligent information security in dispatching should be strengthened.
In general, the "Guiding Opinions" adhere to the system concept, anchor the goal, focus on the key points, take the peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching capabilities of the power grid as the main starting point, promote the establishment of new models, new paths and new mechanisms for the regulation capacity of the power system, and realize the rapid improvement of the power system regulation capacity through in-depth coordination on the power supply, power grid and load side; The "Guiding Opinions" have clear goals, precise measures and clear responsibilities, which have important guiding and practical significance. All regions and departments should fully understand the importance of improving the power system's regulation capacity, comprehensively strengthen the sense of responsibility for the construction of peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching capacity of the national power grid, formulate the implementation plan as a whole, strengthen the evaluation and implementation of the plan, and work hard for a long time to ensure the safety and stability of power, and promote the clean and low-carbon transformation of energy and power.
Zhang Lin is the director of the Planning and Development Department of the China Electricity Council.
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