Hai Rui dared to write a book to admonish, why was he able to die a good death? What's the mystery behind it?
Some people wonder why Hai Rui of the Ming Dynasty dared to reprimand the emperor in front of everyone, but in the end he retreated. This is truly unusual. Let's see what kind of character this is.
Hai Jui is an honest official and has won the support of the people.
Hai Rui, the word Ru Xun, the number Xiyan, sick hermitage, Ming Dynasty Guangdong Chaozhou Prefecture Chaoyang County (now Shantou) people. He was an honest official, won the hearts of the people, and was respected by later generations"The sea is blue"。
Born into a scholarly family, Hai Rui has been brilliant since childhood, and has shown extraordinary talent as an adult. He hoped to enter the imperial examination to improve his family situation and serve the country. Therefore, Hai Jui has been studying hard since he was a teenager and constantly accumulating knowledge.
When Hai Jui was 20 years old, he learned that an old gentleman named Liu Cha had opened a private school in his home, which enrolled many students who wanted to study. When Hai Jui found out, he immediately went to visit the old gentleman and asked to come to his room for a lesson.
He saw that Hai Jui was sincere and eager to learn, so he gladly accepted him as an apprentice. Under the careful teaching of the old man, Hai Rui made rapid progress. He not only read a lot of poetry books, but also thought deeply about the political gains and losses of ancient and modern times, the economy and people's livelihood. Hai Rui's personality is also becoming more and more simple, open-minded and cheerful.
At this time, Hai Rui had been at the old man's house for more than seven years. During this period, he listened carefully, studied diligently, often consulted the old gentleman, and learned a lot. Seeing that the old gentleman was extremely strict with himself and took special care of himself, Hai Rui poured his knowledge accumulated over the decades to teach him, and he saw that the old gentleman had high hopes for himself.
In 1549, at the age of 35, Hai Jui finally passed the county examination and was able to travel to Grantham to take it. He was ecstatic because he had been lifted. But he didn't know that this was only the first step in his career, and the road ahead would be rough and difficult.
The following year, Hai Rui went to Beijing to take the exam with the ambition of skipping the dragon gate and reading to see the world. However, the competition was fierce, and Hai Rui returned home.
Undeterred by difficulties, Hai Jui studied for another four years, and passed the entrance examination again in the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554). However, the exam questions were unexpected, and Hai Rui failed the exam and had to return to his hometown.
The failure of both exams was a big blow to Hai Jui, who realized that the door to entering the official career through the imperial examination had been closed to him. However, Hai Jui did not give up on his goal of becoming a civil servant. After thinking about it, he decided to start from the grassroots level and serve the people with practical actions.
Hai Rui served as a teacher at a county school recommended by his hometown in Guangdong. This is an internal teaching position, mainly responsible for the education and teaching of students in the district, but he is also sent to teach in the people's school in the countryside.
Hai Rui is dedicated to teaching, and the teaching method is rigorous. He compiles his own teaching materials, explains them himself, and teaches his students unconditionally. In order for students to understand, Hai Jui often cites vivid examples, old events or daily experiences, so that boring learning becomes vivid and vivid.
Hai Jui also understands the students' family backgrounds, answers students' questions carefully, and treats students as if they were their own children. When students encounter learning difficulties, she will explain carefully until the students solve the problem. Due to the family's financial difficulties, Hai Rui also subsidized tuition fees so that students could successfully complete their studies.
For eight years, Hai Jui has been very popular with students and neighbors. Locals even built an ancestral hall in his honor as a memorial to him. This is undoubtedly the best affirmation of Hai Jui's dedication to education and funding for post-secondary education.
In 1562, at the age of 41, Hai Jui finally got his wish and became governor. For Hai Jui, this is a great opportunity to realize its ambitions.
As the county magistrate, he first investigated the actual situation on the ground and patiently listened to the voices of the people. Hai Jui re-surveyed the land of the poor, reduced taxes, and solved the urgent needs of the people. At the same time, he cleared up the backlog of cases, re-investigated the outstanding cases in the court, sought justice for the people, and rebuilt the people's confidence in the local government.
It can be said that Hai Jui finally realized his ambition, led the country conscientiously, and won the love of the people, who admired him very much. After years of hard work, Hai Jui's fame gradually spread in the local area, and people affectionately called him"Grandpa Hai"。
Just when Hai Rui was secretly complacent, he received a letter from his boss, informing him that he had been accused of secretly soliciting bribes and violating laws and disciplines during his tenure. Hai Jui was taken aback, and it turned out that he had been attacked by his political enemies. As a result, Hai Jui immediately published the letter and asked the nobles to testify on his behalf. In the end, the testimony of the nobles proved that the denunciation was false, and Hai Jui's reputation was restored. The incident further increased public sympathy for Hai Jui.
* is corrupt. Harry gave him sincere advice.
In 1566, Lu Guangzu, the secretary of the Ministry of Officials, suggested that Hai Jui be the head of the Yunnan Department of the Ministry of Officials, and Hai Rui was given the opportunity to succeed in his career and become an official in Beijing.
This promotion should be an eye-opener for Hai Rui. It turned out that the DPRK and China had long been corrupt, the officialdom was muddy, **abuse of power, **corruption. The main reason for all this is that Emperor Jiajing did not take care of political affairs and did not enter the palace for a long time to listen to politics.
Emperor Jiajing was obsessed with praying all day at the West Altar, searching for the elixir of life, and became acquainted with the Taoist priest Wang Taoist. Wang Taoist even instigated Jiajing to often worship Emperor Huashan of Xiyue as a teacher, in order to seek immortality. So, Jiajing planned to build a Huashan Hall in the palace, but after getting the stones, he forced the migrant workers to work for him, resulting in countless deaths and injuries, and the people were grieving.
The courtiers were also not concerned with public affairs and only wanted to offer symbols"Auspicious"something to please the emperor. When the emperor prays for a blessing, they will rush to send it"Ganoderma lucidum"、"Fairy grass"and so on to curry favor with Jiajing. Once, a minister advised Jiajing to concentrate on state affairs, but was provoked by Jiajing. After that, no one dared to say anything anymore.
Hai Rui saw the darkness in the palace and was filled with righteous indignation. He decided to write a letter condemning Jiajing's barbaric policies and urging the emperor to change his ways as soon as possible. Thus, the "Words of the Law" was born.
Hai Rui asked Jiajing unhurriedly"Isn't the family innocent and poor? "People are poor, the treasury is empty, how to manage the world?
In the feudal imperial system, accusing the emperor of pedantic incompetence was simply a reckless move, and the consequences were of course very serious.
Jiajing despises Hai Rui very much and wants to kill him.
Emperor Jiajing saw Hai Rui's recital and was furious. He threw the piece on the ground, smashed the inkstone, and rebuked Hai Jui in public"Reckless"、"Stupid", and command left and right:"Depose this madman, the sin is unforgivable! "
The eunuch Huang Jin noticed this and hurriedly diverted his attention:"Hai Rui must have been looking forward to this day, the palace is already overcrowded, waiting for His Majesty to leave. Your Majesty, please think again! "
Huang Jin's words made Jiajing a little stunned. With Hai Rui's character, it is inevitable to write such a plan when he is ready to implement it.
Jiajing thought about it and couldn't help but sigh:"Hai Rui is comparable to Bigan back then, but unfortunately I am not the king of Shang, so I can't cut off his tongue with a guillotine. So, he barely suppressed the urge to execute Hai Rui.
However, only a few months later, Jiajing became terminally ill. Believing that his time was short, he decided to pass the throne to the crown prince. In the succession debate with Prime Minister Xu Shi, Jiajing once again mentioned Hai Jui's preaching, and in a fit of rage, ordered Hai Jui to be imprisoned.
This time, Hai Rui's life really hung by a thread. In order to win Jiajing's favor, some courtiers even played to hang Hai Jui to set an example. These people hated Hai Rui at first, but now they have the opportunity to want to kill him.
Hai Rui is in a desperate situation, and this time he should be afraid of death. The prison conditions were extremely harsh, and Hai Jui was tortured to extract a confession, and his body and mind were devastated. All day, he wondered if he regretted making the suggestion, but quickly dismissed the idea. Hai Rui told himself that even if he died 10,000 times, he would stick to the right path, but at the same time he did not complain.
Harry's warrior is Xu Jie.
But in this great and powerful empire, not everyone is against it. Outside the prison, two virtuous and upright ministers, Xu Jie, chief of staff, and Huang Guangsheng, the secretary of the criminal department, secretly advocated the protection of Hai Jui.
Xu Jie believes that Hai Rui only listens to the emperor's voice and is loyal to his ears, and the emperor should not wantonly kill innocents in anger. Huang Guangsheng also asked the emperor to forgive Hai Rui and give him a chance to repent. The sincere words of the two finally led to a commutation of Hai Rui's sentence.
Thanks to the refugee camp, Hai Jui's death penalty was finally unsettled. A few months later, Jiajing died, Emperor Longqing ascended the throne, and Hai Rui was released, not only was he not held accountable, but he was also appreciated by Longqing and reinstated.
After Hai Rui was released from prison, Emperor Longqing summoned him to the palace, appeased and encouraged him, and promoted him to the rank of secretary of the Ministry of Industry in Nanjing. Hai Rui thanked him and assured Emperor Longqing that he would serve the country sincerely and try to avoid getting into trouble.
Six years later, Longqing died, and Emperor Shenzong ascended the throne. Emperor Shenzong also appreciated Hai Rui's talent and wanted to reuse him for important positions. However, some powerful ministers were jealous of Hai Jui and feared that Hai Jui would speak ill of them, so they strongly opposed Emperor Shenzong's reuse of Hai Jui. Their behind-the-scenes deals have once again hindered Hai Jui's promotion.
In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Hai Rui's mentor Xu Jie died. Xu Jie protected Hai Rui all his life and knew him very well. The death of his mentor made Hai Jui very sad, and he felt that he had lost his strongest backing.
In the fourteenth year of Wanli (1586), Huang Guangsheng, the secretary of the Criminal Department, took him as an example. Huang Guangsheng also participated in Hai Rui's life-and-death struggle, saving his life twice. Now that Huang Guangsheng has left him again, Hai Rui is full of emotion, and he is no longer a mentor and friend in the court.
At this time, Hai Rui was already old and physically and mentally exhausted. Watching the power of the clouds come and go, he longs to return to the countryside and spend the rest of his life there. As a result, Hai Jui kept sending requests to the emperor to leave his post and go home.
Finally, in the fifteenth year of Wanli (1587), the 72-year-old Hai Rui got his wish, and the emperor allowed him to return to his hometown. Hai Rui was very happy and immediately returned to his hometown. Along the way, he chanted happily"The old garden spring dawn willow"with"Small bridges and flowing water"The poems seem to see the scenery of the hometown.
But the good times didn't last long. Hai Rui, who had just returned home, fell ill in bed due to overwork. When the old people in the town heard about it, they came to visit, but Hai Rui's condition deteriorated.
Before he died, Hai Rui did not have the slightest resentment, because he had paid his life's work, and he did not feel guilty.
Hai Jui's last words were:"The happiest thing in life is to have a good ending"。He thanked God for allowing him to return to his hometown and reunite with his family in the last moments of his life. Although he did not realize his ideal of joining the government, Hai Jui was satisfied with his life's work.
Before his death, Hai Rui specially instructed his family to do his funeral well and not to spend too much manpower and financial resources. He hoped that his final farewell would be simple and dignified, and not extravagant, because he had served the dynasty.
In this way, in the early morning of March 15, 15 (April 29, 1587), Hai Rui gently left this world under the care of his relatives. He was 72 years old.
Hai Jui's funeral was as simple and grand as she had hoped. At the farewell ceremony, the people who came to mourn were grieved and the atmosphere was warm. People say that Hai Jui is a rare clean official, and as a judge, he loves and cares about the people.
The news of Hai Rui's death soon spread to the capital. The palace and the people were mourning, and people praised Hai Rui for his upright life and guarding the hearts of the king. Even Emperor Shenzong expressed his condolences over Hai Jui's death.
In order to commemorate Hai Jui's exploits, after Hai Jui's death, the emperor went to his hometown to build a special mausoleum for him, which was named after him"Wending"。Since then, on the day of Hai Jui's death, the locals will hold sacrifices to express their grief.
Hai Jui's life is wonderful and full of legends. He encountered Jiajing's rust twice, provoked the emperor's anger, and was on the verge of death several times, but fortunately he was rescued by the virtuous ministers, and finally died a good death.
Although Hai Jui lived in the feudal era, he defended justice and ideals and became a world-renowned figure at that time. His spirit and purity of character in attacking the powerful have inspired generations and deserve our eternal admiration and learning.