himThe children were sent abroad, and their last words were forbidden to serve China, and a daughter was notorious
Before reading, please click "Follow", it is convenient to discuss and share, and it can also bring a unique sense of participation, thank you for your support! Opening: In 1912, the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen completely collapsed the crumbling Qing Dynasty.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Revolutionary Party did not exterminate all members of the Qing imperial family, but promised preferential treatment. Although Pu Yi said in "The First Half of My Life" that he did not receive a dime from the preferential treatment of the national **, objectively speaking, the ending of the Manchu nobles was much better than that of other nobles who died in the country, and at least there was still a life.
Although the fall of the Qing Dynasty has become an irreversible fact, there are still some stubborn "old guards" who harbor illusions of "restoring the Qing Dynasty". Among them, "Prince Su" Aixin Jueluo Shanqi is one of its representatives.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Shanqi led his family to flee to the northeast, where he went all out to promote the so-called "restoration of the Qing Dynasty". He always insisted that the legal status of the national ** was not recognized, and even forbade his children and grandchildren to recognize them as citizens of "China**".
In order to let his children inherit his desire to restore the Qing Dynasty, he sent 38 children abroad to receive education in foreign cultures. These children have indeed continued the "legacy" of Shanqi, and most of them have grown up to serve in the enemy puppet regime and provide services to imperialism.
However, as the "Iron Hat King" of the Qing Dynasty, why did Shanqi stand with the imperialism that carved up the Qing Dynasty?
Aixin Jueluo Shanqi was born in the fifth year of Tongzhi, and his grandfather was the "Prince Su" at that time. Since childhood, he has lived a luxurious life, worry-free food and clothing, all by the imperial court**. When he was twenty years old, the imperial court gave him the title of "second-class Zhenguo General", but this was not a general with troops in the modern sense, but only a title.
When he came of age, Shanqi was likely to inherit his grandfather's title of prince. The court's move was just so that he could receive the money, after all, he couldn't always rely on his parents when he became an adult.
In the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu, Shanqi's father Aixin Jueluo Longyan passed away. The following year, he naturally took over the title of "Prince Su", and at the same time became the last "Prince Su" in Manchu history.
According to common sense, inheriting the title of "prince" should be a great joy, but Shanqi can't be happy, why is this? It turned out that Britain had launched the infamous "Opium War" and used its powerful military force to open the door of the Qing Dynasty that had been closed for hundreds of years, and the Qing Dynasty's rule over China began to gradually come to an end.
In July of the 26th year of Guangxu, the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded Beijing, and Cixi and Guangxu had to flee the Forbidden City and flee westward. During this period, Shanqi did his best to protect Lafayette, and Cixi's impression of him became better and better.
Shanqi was trusted by Cixi to handle state affairs together with Yixuan and Li Hongzhang, reflecting his noble character and selfless dedication. Unlike other Manchu princes, Shanqi not only had to do everything himself, but also insisted that he and his subordinates do it"Honesty and integrity"。
In October of the 26th year of Guangxu, he was appointed by the imperial court as the supervisor of Chongwen Gate, which was a real "fat difference", mainly responsible for the taxation of all goods entering Beijing.
However, instead of being attracted by wealth, Shanqi saw this position as an opportunity to serve the people and perform his duties dutifully.
The previous "Chongwen Gate Supervisor" was "Prince Qing" Yixuan, and Shanqi's successor was Nayantu. Although both Yixuan and Nayantu have reaped some benefits in this position, Shanqi has always adhered to his principles and focused on his work.
As soon as he took office, he began to rectify corruption in Chongwenmen, and through his efforts, the tax paid by this department to the imperial court increased significantly compared to before. Therefore, Emperor Guangxu praised him greatly, and the Empress Dowager Cixi also gave him a "yellow coat" to express her affirmation of the work of the good elderly.
Not only that, Shanqi is also good at discovering and cultivating talents, and has delivered a large number of excellent ** for the imperial court.
In 1905, a "constitutionalist" emerged on the Chinese political scene. They advocated emulating the British constitutional monarchy and making the Qing dynasty a democratized state.
These people continued to appeal for more than a year, and the ruling class was forced to begin preparing for a constitution, and the first step in the constitution was to change the bureaucracy. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty added a department to the "six ministries" - the "Ministry of Civil Affairs".
Shanqi became the first "minister" of the "Ministry of Civil Affairs" of the Qing Dynasty, which was "Shangshu" in the words of the time. Shanqi was a Manchu aristocrat, and according to common sense, he was the "number one" in the "Ministry of Civil Affairs", and it was reasonable that the leadership team should be his cronies.
However, it is surprising that Shanqi actually boldly used the "revolutionary party" people within the "Ministry of Civil Affairs"! This was undoubtedly a major challenge to the traditional bureaucracy, and it also heralded an important turning point in China's modern history.
The Revolutionary Party, the Confederacy, belonged to an organization that was considered "rebels" at the time. However, Shanqi not only did not reject them, but reused them, and Cheng Jiaqi, Gu Sishen and others even became Shanqi's most trusted staff.
This shows that Shanqi was a relatively enlightened Manchu aristocrat politically. But why did this politically enlightened prince collude with imperialism? To answer this question, we have to mention one person - Naniwa Kawashima.
2. Meet the samurai descendants Kawashima Naniwa was born in a samurai family in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, and has been deeply influenced by bushido since childhood. At that time, Japan was poor in resources, and some activists insisted that "the Yamato nation is the best nation in the world", arguing that Japan failed to dominate the world because of limited resources.
In order to break through the restrictions, the "radicals" advocated aggression against China, and this erroneous idea permeated the whole of Japan. As a young man, Naniwa Kawashima suffered greatly from it.
Kawashima Naniwa, a person who was admitted to the foreign Chinese school set up by Japanese militarism to train spies for foreign expansion at the age of 17, studied Chinese. Behind his activities in China lies the mission of "gathering Chinese intelligence".
After the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War, Kawashima Naniwa came to China again as a translator. After a long period of communication, he has become a "China expert". Kawashima Naniwa was keenly aware of China's internal and external contradictions, believing that the fall of the Qing Dynasty provided an opportunity for **China.
How to undermine China? Kawashima Naniwa Project: Choose a Manchu nobleman with imperial blood and let him establish himself as a Japanese puppet regime in the Manchurian and Mongolian regions. He tried his best to finally select the "Prince Su" of the Qing Dynasty - Aixin Jueluo Shanqi.
Shanqi has a noble status, and he didn't take Kawashima Naniwa in his eyes at first. However, an incident occurred in 1900 that made Shanqi take a strong interest in Kawashima Naniwa.
When the Eight-Nation Coalition captured Beijing a year earlier, the Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu took refuge in the face of an existential crisis, calling the trip "Western Hunting."
However, at this moment, the Germans set up artillery on the top of Jingshan, claiming to blow up the Forbidden City and avenge the Minister Klinde, who was mistakenly killed by the Qing army. Although Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi were not in the Forbidden City at this time, they were still concerned about the safety of this palace.
Because the Forbidden City is not only the residence of the emperor, but also the symbol of the imperial family. Once destroyed, the emperor will have nowhere to live when he returns, and the reputation of the Qing Dynasty will be seriously affected.
Therefore, for the sake of the dignity of the country and the honor of the royal family, it is especially important to protect the Forbidden City.
When Shanqi learned of this, he was so angry that he rushed to the crown. In the face of the Germans who are showing off their might, how can he, the unarmed "prince of the Qing Dynasty", **? Just when he thought the Forbidden City was going to be reduced to ashes, a Japanese translator named Naniwa Kawashima stepped forward and persuaded the Germans to stop the destruction.
Kawashima Naniwa directly broke into the German command headquarters and was in front of the **. The Germans eventually compromised and promised not to bomb the Forbidden City as long as the men of the Forbidden City opened the gates within 48 hours.
The next day, the Forbidden City's Xinhua Gate slowly opened, and the Japanese army took over. Although the treasures in the Forbidden City were almost looted by the coalition forces, the palace was preserved intact.
Since then, Shanqi has developed a strong interest in Kawashima Naniwa and has begun to reach out to him. And this is exactly what Kawashima Naniwa is looking forward to.
In 1912, the establishment of the Chinese Provisional and the demand for the abdication of the Qing Emperor put great pressure on the Qing Dynasty. At the imperial meeting, Yuan Shikai persuaded the Empress Dowager Longyu through the "preferential treatment clause", hoping that she would sign the edict of abdication.
However, Shanqi, Liangbi, Tieliang and others in the "Zongshe Party" resolutely opposed the emperor's abdication and scolded Yuan Shikai. In this incident, Liangbi, the core figure of the "Zongshe Party", was assassinated, which caused great panic among the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty.
Soon after, the Empress Dowager Longyu agreed to the abdication request, and the Qing ** also fell. Shanqi thought that if he continued to stay in Beijing, he would be like Liangbi sooner or later, so he decided to "run away" immediately.
Kawashima Naniwa advised Shanqi to take his family to Manchuria, promising that the Japanese would help him restore the Qing Dynasty. Kawashima used his eloquence to suggest that the Northeast had the support of the Japanese and Zhang Zuolin, who had promised to send troops to King Qin when the imperial court was in trouble.
Zen-jai's trust in Kawashima and his reasonable advice led him to decide to head to Tohoku.
He was once controlled by Kawashima Naniwa, and the two were "friends of the inverse" and fled to the northeast together. Kawashima Naniwa was busy with his restoration, but Shanqi did not know that he was actually trying to establish a puppet regime controlled by Japan, Manchukuo.
* In the past three years, Okuma has trusted the Japanese Prime Minister and strongly supported the Kawashima Naniwa Project, and Sino-Japanese contacts have become increasingly frequent.
In order to realize his ambition to restore the Qing Dynasty, Shanqi sent 38 of his children abroad for militarist education before his death, including Yoshiko Kawashima, who later participated in the "Huanggutun Incident", "918 Incident" and "Shanghai 1.28 Incident".
However, it turned out that most of Shanqi's children became "traitors" in the War of Resistance against Japan, serving the enemy puppet regime, among which Yoshiko Kawashima was even more notorious.
The evaluation of historical figures requires an objective and fair attitude. For example, Shanqi, judging from his political career, he is an honest, realistic, and innovative person, and he is also an enlightened thinker and important minister.
However, from the perspective of his conspiracy with Kawashima to ** the country, he seems ignorant and ignorant, rigid in thinking, easy to be manipulated by others, and reduced to a thief. From this, we can see that whether it is actively promoting reform or actively seeking **, the ultimate goal of Shanqi has never changed.
That is to maintain the Qing Dynasty, maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, or safeguard its own interests, keep its own title of "Iron Hat King", and maintain its social status.
The fall of the Qing Dynasty was due to the narrow and selfish concept of "family" of the rulers. As Yan Fu said, "Since the Qin Dynasty, China has not had the concept of 'Tianxia', there is no concept of 'country', only 'family'.
Once a family arises, billions of people become its servants. The rise and fall of a family is the rise and fall of a family. The Son of Heaven himself is a symbol of the constitution, the state, and royal power, and the decline of the family means that everything declines with it. ”
On the other hand, in modern China, every citizen has the consciousness that "the rise and fall of the country is the responsibility of the husband". Although the power of one person is insignificant, the power of 1.4 billion people, once gathered, will be extremely powerful.
That's why modern China is so powerful.