Note: "Let the County Clarify the Benzhi Order", also known as the "Shu Zhi Order", is an important article with an autobiographical nature in which Cao Cao, the prime minister of the late Han Dynasty, expressed his thoughts and experiences to the outside world. This edict first describes in detail Cao Cao's political aspirations and aspirations and aspirations in peace. Secondly, the writing of this Lingwen is vigorous and powerful, the momentum is majestic, the tone is grim and the feelings are strong and pure. The author skillfully uses historical facts and images to vividly narrate and fully confess his political aspirations and lofty aspirations.
The first paragraph) is a lonely and honest person, young, who thinks that he is not a well-known person in the cave, and is afraid that he will be seen by the people of the sea and foolish, and wants to be a county guard, so that he can be a politician and religion to establish a reputation, so that the world will know it. So in Jinan", began to remove the remnants of the filth, elected peacefully, and violated the permanent servants. thought that the strong man was angry, and he was afraid of causing family disaster, so he returned the illness with illness.
The second paragraph) After going to the office, he was still young. Gu is fifty years old, and he is not called old. From then on, it has been twenty years, and when the world is clear, it is the same as the one who started to raise the same age. Therefore, he returned to his hometown at four o'clock, and built a fine house in fifty miles east of Qiaodong, wanting to study in autumn and summer, and hunt in winter and spring. Seek the land below, and want to cover yourself with muddy water, and stop the hope of guests coming and going. However, it can't be as expected. Later, he became a lieutenant and moved to a military academy lieutenant, so he wanted to make meritorious contributions to the country, and wanted to be a marquis as a general of the expedition to the west, and then inscribed a tomb and said"The tomb of Cao Hou, the general of the Han Dynasty", this is also the ambition.
The third paragraph) and suffered from the difficulty of Dong Zhuo, and raised volunteers. It is the time when the soldiers can gain more ears, but they often damage themselves, and they don't want more. Therefore, if there are many soldiers, and fighting with a strong enemy will be more troublesome. Therefore, the battle of Bianshui was thousands, and then it was raised in Yangzhou, but it was not more than 3,000 people, which is limited in its original will. After leading Yanzhou, 300,000 people broke the yellow scarf. Yuan Shu is also called in Jiujiang, and he is called a minister, and the famous door is called the number of the door, and the clothes and quilts are all made by the Son of Heaven, and the two women are fighting for the queen. The plan has been decided, and people have the persuasion to make the emperor the throne and expose the world. Answer"Cao Gong is still here, but he can't"。Later, he begged for his four generals, won his people, and then made the art poor and relieved his depression, and died of illness. As for Yuan Shao's base in Hebei, the army was strong. Alone in the situation, it is really invincible. But he planned to die for the country, and he destroyed himself with righteousness, and his feet hung behind and broke Shao, his second son. Liu Biao thought that he was a clan, hiding a treacherous heart, but at first glance, he looked at the world, possessed Jingzhou, and was lonely and settled, so he leveled the world. As the prime minister, the nobility of the people and ministers has been extreme, and the hope has passed. If you are arrogant and want others to speak, you have nothing to say. Let the country be lonely, I don't know how many people will be called emperors and how many people will be kings.
The fourth paragraph) or people who see that they are lonely and strong, and do not believe in the destiny of heaven, are afraid of selfish judgments, and have no inferior ambitions5, and are vainly suspicious, and every time they use it. Qi Huan and Jin Wen are known to this day, with their vast troops, they can still serve the Zhou room. The Analects of Confucius:"There are two out of three parts of the world, in order to serve Yin, Zhou Zhide can be described as the most virtuous. "The husband can also be big and small. Xi Leyi left Zhao, and King Zhao wanted to draw Yan with him. Le Yi fell and wept, and said:"The king of ministers, the king of Judah; If the minister is punished, put it in another country, there is no life, and he can't bear to conspire with Zhao's disciples, and the heirs of Yan! "Hu Hai's killing of Meng Tianye, Tian said:"From my ancestors to my descendants, I have accumulated trust in the third generation of Qin; There are more than 300,000 generals today, and their strength is enough to betray, but those who know that they will die and keep righteousness do not dare to insult the teachings of their ancestors to forget the ancestors. "Every time I read these two books, I didn't feel scared.
The fifth paragraph) The lonely ancestor, the father, and even the lonely body should all be the responsibility of the relatives, which can be said to be the believer, and the brother of Zihuan, which is more than three generations. The lonely non-disciples said this to the kings, and often used words for wives and concubines, all of which made them know this meaning. Lonely words"Take care of me after 10,000 years. Thou shalt marry him, and thou shalt make preaching my heart so that others may know it. "Lonely words are all the key to the liver. Therefore, those who are diligent and diligent in talking about their henchmen, see that Zhou Gong has the book of "Jin Teng" to explain himself, and he is afraid that people will not believe it.
Paragraph 6) However, it is impossible to ask Gu Bian to donate the soldiers of the institute to return the deacon and return to the Marquis of Wuping. Who? I am afraid that I will leave the army and cause disaster to others. If you are planning for your descendants, and if you are defeated, the country will be in danger, and you will not be able to deal with real disasters because you must not be famous, and you must not do this. The three sons of the former dynasty were enshrined as marquis, and they were not subject to fixed words; Now I want to accept it even more, not to be proud of it, but to think that foreign aid is a plan for all peace. Lonely Wen introduced the avoidance of Jin Feng, Shen Xu's escape from Chu reward, did not give up the book and sighed, there is self-reflection. Fengguo Weiling, conquest with money, push the weak to overcome the strong, small and big. What you want is going to do, and what you are worried about is not going anywhere? Then the world was leveled, and the Lord's life was not dishonored, which can be described as the help of the Han family, not human beings. However, it is also four counties, with 30,000 households, and he is worthy of it! The rivers and lakes are not quiet, and they cannot give way; As for the land, it can be resigned. Today, there are 20,000 households in Yangxia, Zhe, and Ku counties, but 10,000 households are leveled by food and martial arts, and they are slandered by sharing losses and reducing the responsibility of orphans.
When I was first promoted as filial piety, I was very young, and I thought that I was not the kind of person who lived in seclusion in the mountains and had a reputation, and I was afraid that I would be regarded as a mediocre and incompetent person by the people of the world, so I wanted to be the chief of a county, and do a good job in politics and education, so as to establish my reputation.
Let the people of the world understand me clearly, so when I was in Jinan, I began to eliminate maladministration and select and recommend officials fairly, which offended the magnates of the imperial court. Therefore, I was hated by the powerful and powerful, and I was afraid that I would bring disaster to my family, so I returned to my hometown under the pretext of illness.
After my resignation, I was still young, and when I looked back, some of the people who were recommended in the same year as me were in their fifties and had not yet been called old. I calculated in my heart that from now on, in the next 20 years, I will wait until the world is stable and peaceful.
I am only equal to those of my age who have just been raised up to filial piety. Therefore, he built an exquisite study fifty miles east of Qian County, planning to study in autumn and summer, hunting in winter and spring, only hoping to get a little barren land, wanting to grow old in the wilderness, not being known, and cutting off the idea of interacting with guests. But this wish did not come true. Later, I was drafted as a lieutenant and transferred to the military academy, and I wanted to make meritorious contributions to the country again. I hope to get the marquis to be a general to conquer the west.
Army, after his death on the tombstone inscription said:"The tomb of Cao Hou, the general of the Han Dynasty"That's what I was trying to do. However, when Dong Zhuo committed a rebellion, troops rose up in various places to fight. I could have gathered more troops, but I often cut them down, and I was reluctant to expand; Therefore, this is done because there are too many soldiers and they are arrogant, and if they want to fight against a strong enemy, they may cause trouble again. Therefore, during the Battle of Bianshui, my subordinates only had a few thousand, and when I went to Yangzhou to recruit again, there were still only 3,000 people, because my original ambition was very limited. Later, I served as the assassin of Yanzhou, defeated the Yellow Turban peasant army, and recruited more than 300,000 people. Then Yuan Shu stole the title of emperor in Jiujiang, and his subordinates all called him vassals, and renamed the city gate as the number gate. The clothes and costumes are in accordance with the emperor's system, and the two wives rush to be queens in advance. The plan has been decided, and some people persuaded Yuan Shu to ascend the throne immediately and publicly announce it to the people of the world.
Yuan Shu replied"Cao Gong is still here, and he can't do this yet. "After that, I sent troops to attack, captured his four generals, captured a large number of subordinates, and caused Yuan Shu's strength to be exhausted, collapsed, and finally fell ill and died.
When Yuan Shao occupies the north of the Yellow River and has a strong army, I estimate that my strength will not be able to match him; But thinking that I am dedicating my life to the country and sacrificing for justice, this is enough to leave a name for future generations.
Fortunately, he defeated Yuan Shao and beheaded his two sons. There is also Liu Biao, who thinks that he is a fellow member of the royal family, harboring treacherous intentions, advancing and retreating, observing the situation, occupying Jingzhou, and I pacified him again.
Make the world peaceful. I have become the prime minister, and as a courtier, I have become extremely noble, and I have exceeded my original wishes.
When I say this today, it seems that I am very arrogant, but I really want to eliminate people's criticism, so I have nothing to hide. If the country didn't have me, I don't know how many people would be emperors and how many would be hegemons!
The reason why I recounted these confidants so diligently was because I saw that Zhou Gong's book "Jin Teng" could show my heart, and I was afraid that others would not believe it.
But if I want to give up the army under my command, return the military power to the court, and return to the fief of the Marquis of Wuping, this is really not possible. Why? I am really afraid that if I give up my military power, I will be murdered by others. This is not only for the sake of future generations, but also for the sake of their own downfall, and the country will be in danger of being subverted. Therefore, we should not covet fame and expose ourselves to actual evil. You can't do that. Previously, the court enshrined my three sons as marquises, and I resolutely refused to accept them, but now I have changed my mind and intend to accept them. This is not to be proud of this anymore, but to use them as foreign aid, from the sake of ensuring the absolute safety of the court and himself. Now that the world is not settled, I cannot give way. As for fiefdoms, some can be dismissed. Now I will return the taxes of 20,000 households in Yangxia, Zhe, and Ku counties to the imperial court, and only enjoy 10,000 households in Wuping County. Let's use this to quell the slander and discussions, and reduce the accusations against me a little!
Brief Analysis] This edict is a representative work of Cao Cao's prose, published in December of the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210). At that time, Cao Cao had unified the vast Yellow River Valley, monopolized power, and was a great minister, but his dominance was not yet stable: there were two major military and political groups of Sun Quan and Liu Bei, which were enough to pose a threat; There are pro-Han factions who suspect that he has "not inferior ambitions"; The Battle of Chibi suffered a serious setback, which provoked internal contradictions. In order to win the first and advance by retreating, Cao Cao wrote this edict.
This decree shows that he has no political ambition to usurp the Han Dynasty and claim the emperor, but because "the rivers and lakes are not quiet", he still "cannot give way", but he can withdraw from the three counties of Shiyi to express his will.
The full text is six paragraphs, which can be divided into two parts.
The first part, (the first three paragraphs), recalls the history of his 30 years of development and recounts the process of realizing his political ambitions.
The first paragraph (from the beginning to "Therefore Returning to Illness") briefly describes the situation during the period from the age of 20 to the age of 33, indicating that the aspirations are not high and the ambitions are not great, and the specific facts of attacking the powerful and violating the eunuchs clarifies the lie that the political opponents scolded themselves as "eunuchs and ugliness".
The second paragraph (from "after going to the official" to "this is his ambition") describes the situation of studying and hunting in the secluded village, explaining the idea of retiring in the troubled times and waiting for the political clarity before going out; He also wrote that after being conscripted as a military lieutenant (188 AD, when Cao Cao was thirty-four years old), he hoped to obtain the throne through the establishment of meritorious service. These words are meant to show that he has never been an emperor.
In the third paragraph (from "suffering from the difficulties of Dong Zhuo" to "several people calling themselves kings"), he recounts his experience of begging Dong Zhuo, breaking the yellow scarf, cutting down Yuan Shu, destroying Yuan Shao, and Dingjingzhou, boasting of his exploits in denouncing Dong Zhuo and leveling the heroes, and shows that he is cautious and "his ambition is limited", which is used to echo the above "want to guard a county" and the ambition of the marquis. This passage also shows that he has no ambition to be the emperor.
The second part (the last three paragraphs) mainly shows that he has always been loyal to the royal family and has no "unworthy aspirations", and at the same time confesses his bitterness of not being able to hand over political power and military power.
In the fourth paragraph (from "or people see lonely and strong" to "not without sorrowful tears"), compare yourself with the two historical figures of Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, showing that you can also"Take the big things small", there is no usurpation ambition; And by analogy with Le Yi's loyalty to Yan and Meng Tian's loyalty to Qin, he can also be loyal to Han.
Fifth paragraph (from"Lonely ancestor"to"I am afraid that people will not believe"It shows that the Cao family has been reused by the Han family for generations, and he should be grateful for the picture and newspaper, and he will never be disloyal to the court. Is this a deepening of the meaning of the previous paragraph, or is it a confession of heart.
Sixth paragraph (from"However, he wanted to be lonely and commissioned to donate to the soldiers"to the end), indicating that for the sake of *** and their own descendants, they cannot give up their military power, and to"Introduce the avoidance of the Jin seal"、"Shen Xu's escape was rewarded"The case of the three counties was expressed in their willingness to let the three counties be fiefdoms. Cao Cao was a heroic figure with great talent and strategy in history, he was able to judge the situation and soberly realize that it was not easy to dominate the world at that time, and in order to get rid of the passive situation, in order to be advantageous, he must repeatedly state with a large number of facts that he did not usurp power, and at the same time, he must make great economic sacrifices in order to consolidate his position and appease the suspicion of his subordinates. Cao Cao's generous relinquishment of the land shows that he was far-sighted and had the demeanor of an outstanding statesman in feudal society.
This essay is very distinctive in its writing. The first thing that impresses the reader is that he has a frank attitude, dares to tell the truth, tells the truth, and is not pretentious. It is rare to write an order and write a common phrase for writers. As Mr. Lu Xun commented:"He is very bold, and he has a lot of strength in his articles, and he has no worries when he writes articles, and he writes what he wants to write"("Wei and Jin Manners and the Relationship between Articles and Medicine and Wine"). The second is that the writing is vigorous, the momentum is flying, it seems to be a letter and a pen, but in fact it is carefully written, first in chronological order, writing about personal history and ideological development, will"Mingzhi"This meaning is implicit in the middle; Then widely quote historical facts, discuss the present with the past, and refer to people directly"Mingzhi"。In this way, it is a good expression of Cao Cao's distinctive character as a minister of Zaifu.
Notes] 1 This article is excerpted from "The Story of Wei Wu" quoted by Pei Songzhi's note in "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, and Emperor Wu". The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms is a chronicle of the history of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, including the Book of Wei, the Book of Shu and the Book of Wu. It was originally written separately, and it was synthesized into a book in the Northern Song Dynasty and named "Three Kingdoms". The author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is Chen Shou, a famous historian of the Western Jin Dynasty. After Chen Shou's death, Emperor Wen of Song of the Southern Dynasty ordered Pei Songzhi to annotate the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" in the sixth year of Yuanjia (429 AD). Pei Songzhi annotated the original book, and the focus was not on the annotation of the original text, but on the addition and revision of historical facts. He cited more than 200 works of the Wei and Jin dynasties, several times more than Chen Shou's original books, and preserved a large number of historical materials. This article is an order issued by Cao Cao in December of the fifteenth year of Jian'an (21o AD). Rang County: refers to the return of land and 20,000 household registrations in three of the four counties that were sealed to him. Self-evident intentions: explain your own wishes.
2 Cao Cao: Mengde, nicknamed Apu, Pei Guo (Giao), now Anhui Hao County), born in 155 A.D., died in 220, was a famous politician and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao also has outstanding achievements in literature, and can write and write poetry. His poems inherit the fine tradition of Han Yuefu folk songs reflecting reality, and the style is sad and generous, and some poems reflect his political ideals and lofty ambitions. The prose was written in a simple and concise manner, which had an important impact on the development of prose in the Wei and Jin dynasties.
3 Lonely: The name of the ancient prince who was humble. Here is what the author calls himself. At this time, Cao Cao served as prime minister and was named Marquis of Wuping, so he called himself to his subordinates"Lonely"。Filial piety: The names of the two subjects of the Han Dynasty elected officials. filial piety, which refers to filial piety to parents; Honesty refers to good conduct and integrity. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he ordered the local **, and recommended the so-called"Filial piety","Cheap"of people to replenish the ranks of the bureaucracy. Later, they were collectively called filial piety.
4 Less: Those under the age of 30. Young: Young age. Cao Cao was just twenty years old when he was elected filial piety.
5 Think: Think. Cave: Deep in the mountains and poor valleys, refers to a place of seclusion. When the eunuchs of the Eastern Han Dynasty were in power, many famous people refused to go along with the same stream and lived in seclusion. This means that he thought he was not a well-known person who lived in seclusion in the first place.
6 Domestic: Domestic. Foolishness: Mediocre stupidity. for ......So: means passive. 7 Guard: That is, the Taishou. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, local administrative areas were divided into prefectures, counties, and counties**. A county warden is the chief executive of a county.
8 Jinan: A kingdom in the Eastern Han Dynasty, quite a county. The kingdom has a minister, and his authority is equivalent to that of the county guard. In the first year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (184 AD), Cao Cao was appointed prime minister of Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong).
9 Eradication: Eradication of brutal political forces. De-defilement: Changing the bad customs of society. When Cao Cao was the prime minister of Jinan, he dismissed eight officials who were dependent on the powerful and paid bribes, and forbade the officials and people to burn incense and worship the temple to break superstition.
10 wii: rebellious, disobedient. Violation: to disobey, to offend. Zhu: Conjunctive words, of. Chang Shi: that is, the middle Chang Shi, the official name, the emperor's attendants and close ministers. The Eastern Han Dynasty was often filled by eunuchs, so the government was in their hands. 11 With: due to. Resentment: Resentment, dissatisfaction.
12 To: incurred.
13 With: Borrow. This sentence means, so under the pretext of illness, he resigned and returned to his hometown. This refers to Cao Cao's transfer from Jinan to the post of Taishou of Dongjun, and he returned to his hometown due to illness and did not take office.
14 Go: Depart. To go to the official: refers to the resignation of the official.
15 Same age: Refers to a person who was recommended for filial piety in the same year.
16 name: called, called.
17 Inside: Heart. Pictured: Intended.
18 But he went: after that, and again. 19 Qing: Taiping.
20 Initiator: A person who is fifty years of age at the time of his recommendation. Etc.: Equal in age.
21 And so, in, in. Four o'clock: refers to the four seasons of the year.
22 The house: a house for students to study and teach.
23 Bottom: inferior, barren. Muddy water: Refers to muddy roads. Concealment: Concealment, here refers to seclusion.
24 Look: Thoughts. 25 Commander: The name of the military attaché, who is in charge of the military affairs of a county. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Emperor Wu Ji":"At the end of Guanghe (the year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty), the yellow scarf rose. Worship the captain and beg the Yingchuan thief. "Cao Cao was enlisted as the commander of the capital before he became the prime minister of Jinan. It is inconsistent with this order.
26 Lieutenant of the Dian Military Academy (jlao): Military attache of the Praetorian Guard. In the fifth year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (188 AD), the Eastern Han Dynasty established the Xiyuan Army (Jingshi Garrison), and set up eight captains, one of which was the military captain.
27 Thief: This is a slander against the Yellow Turban rebels.
28 Tomb Road: Also known as the Envy Road, an underground passage connected to the tomb. This refers to the stone monument in front of the tomb.
29 It's: Make use of the first person, mine. below"This is also limited in its original will"of"the", the usage is the same.
30 Encountered: Encountered, encountered. Dong Zhuo: He was originally a strong man in Liangzhou, and he was a former general when Emperor Ling. In the sixth year of Zhongping (A.D.), he took the opportunity of the eunuch relatives to fight for power, led the troops into Luoyang, abolished the young emperor Liu Wei, set up the emperor Liu Xie, self-proclaimed Xiangguo, dictated the government, and wantonly plundered **, which brought a deep disaster to the people of Guanzhong, and was later killed by Wang Yun and Lu Bu.
31 Volunteers: The army of the righteous. Xingyi soldiers: refers to the six years of Zhongping, the counties in the eastern part of the country raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo.
32 Joining forces: This refers to the recruitment of soldiers. 33 Loss: Decrease, Self-Loss: Self-Restraint, Reduction.
34 If: Perhaps, maybe. Woe: Woe.
35 Battle of Bianshui: In the first year of the First Ping Dynasty (19 AD), Cao Cao participated in the coalition led by Yuan Shao against Dong. In order to preserve their strength, the armies waited and watched, and only Cao Cao led his troops to fight with Dong Zhuo's general Xu Rong at Xing (Xing) Yang Bianshui (southwest of present-day Xingyang County, Henan Province), and Cao Cao was defeated. 36 Re-recruitment: Re-recruiting soldiers.
37 Ling: Meaning of temporary custody: Yanzhou: the name of the state, now the east of Puxian County, Shandong. Leading Yanzhou: refers to Cao Cao's tenure as the pastor of Yanzhou (a governor). In April of the third year of Chuping (A.D. 192), the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Peasant Rebel Army invaded Yanzhou with one million and killed Liu Dai, who promoted Cao Cao as the pastor of Yanzhou (Cao was the Taishou of Dongjun at that time).
38 Yuan Shu: A great warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuan Shao's younger brother, seized the Jianghuai region. Falsehood: Beyond duty. False Title: Misappropriation of the Emperor's title. In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Shouchun, but was defeated by Cao Cao and died of illness. Jiujiang: The name of Han County, the county seat is in Shou County, Anhui.
39 name: named.
40 Quilt: This refers to clothing.
41 Lubu: Proclamation. Lubu World: Announce to the world.
42 Fowl: same"Captured"。Four generals: refers to Yuan Shu's generals Qiao Rui (rui), Li Feng, Liang Gang, and Le Yu.
43 Destitute: Fleeing from poverty. Jie frustration (ju): to disintegrate and lose. This sentence refers to the complete collapse of Yuan Shu.
44 Yuan Shao: A great bureaucrat of the clan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the brother of Yuan Shu. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the power was the strongest, with hundreds of thousands of troops. Hebei: north of the Yellow River. At that time, Yuan Shao occupied four prefectures: Hebei, You, Qing, and He (including the two provinces of present-day Hebei and Shanxi, and parts of Henan and Shandong).
45 degrees (duu): Estimate: Measure the situation.
46 Dan: only. Count: Taken into account. Surrender to death: to die, to sacrifice.
47 Order: For. Righteousness: Righteousness refers to the elimination of separatism and the stabilization of the whole country.
48 Hang: Circulation. Together with the above sentence, it means that only considering dedication to the country and sacrificing for the sake of justice is enough to be passed on to future generations.
49 xiao: Beheaded for public display. Two sons: Yuan Shao's sons Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang.
50 Liu Biao: The word Jingsheng. At that time, an important representative of the southern separatist forces, Jingzhou Thorn History. In July of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (A.D. 2o8), Cao Cao marched south to Liu Biao, Liu Biao died of illness in August, and his youngest son Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao in September. Clan: Royal kinship. Liu Biao is a descendant of Liu Yu, King of Lugong of the Han Dynasty.
51 Treacherous heart: **'s intention, referring to Liu Biao's desire to be the king.
52 Cha: Suddenly. At first glance, at first glance: suddenly forward, suddenly backward. According to the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and the Biography of Liu Biao": During the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao asked Liu Biao for assistance, but Liu Biao agreed but did not move, but he also refused to join Cao Cao. Here is in response to Liu Biao's attitude of sitting and watching success or failure and making indecisive moves.
53 If: It seems. If it is: yes. 54] Exhaustion: The meaning of having nothing to say.
55 Obscurity: Concealment. Together with the above sentences, it seems that it is arrogant to say these things now, but in order to make others have nothing to say, so I do not hide it.
56 Inferior: Disloyalty. Inferior: refers to the intention of the Han emperor to be called emperor.
57 Use: Cause. Geng Geng: I feel uneasy.
58 Hang: Handed down. Title: Praise.
59 Virtue: Supreme morality. The above quotation is in the Analects of Tabor, and the words are slightly different. These are the words of Confucius praising King Wen of Zhou. It means that King Wen of Zhou won two-thirds of the world, and he still served King Yin with the attitude of a courtier. King Wen Zhou's morality can be said to have reached the highest standard.
60) Le Yi: Yan people during the Warring States period. When the king of Yan Zhao, he was worshiped as a general, and he led Zhao, Chu, Han, and Luo Yan to attack Qi and capture more than 70 cities. Later, he was named the king of Changguo. King Zhao died, Hui was in the position, and he fell into the anti-plot of the Qi general Tiandan, and let Dai Leyi be the general. Le Yi was frightened, did not dare to swallow, and fled to Zhao State.
61 Li: To offend.
62 Exile: exile, exile.
63 No: same"Death"。Immortal: Death.
64 Apprentice: A prisoner who served in prison, in this case a slave.
65 Heir: Descendant, referring to King Yan Hui, son of King Yan Zhao.
66 Hu Hai: The youngest son of Qin Shi Huang, after the death of the first emperor, he was made emperor and called II. Meng Tian: A famous general at the beginning of the Qin Dynasty. After Qin unified the six countries, he led 300,000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall.
67 III: Three generations, referring to the grandfather Meng Qi (ao), the father Meng Wu and Meng Tian himself. These three generations were all famous generals of the Qin State and were trusted by Qin.
68 Righteousness: refers to the righteousness of kings and ministers.
69 Ancestors: Refers to grandfathers and fathers, and Ancestors: refers to Qin Shi Huang.
70 Sorrowful: The look of sorrow. Tears: tears.
71 Grandfather: Grandfather. Refers to Cao Cao's grandfather Cao Teng, who served as the chief servant of the Han Dynasty during the time of Emperor Huan, and was named the Marquis of Fei Ting. Father: Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, is Cao Teng's adopted son, and the official of Emperor Ling is the first lieutenant.
72) Affinity: refers to being trusted and valued by the emperor. Affectionate duties: important positions of cronies.
73 Seeing the Letter: Being Trusted.
74) Yu Huan: The character of Cao Cao's son Cao Pi.
75 And the words of the predicate: unto them.
76) Shun: Nian thought.
77 Cao: Senior. Ru Cao: You.
78) 鬲: Same"Intestines", Horizontal Ticket Liver: Refers to the heart, the heart. To refer to the most important words, and to the liver septum: the important words in the heart.
79 Confidant: Refers to what is to be said in the heart.
80) Golden Waist: The abbreviated name of "Shangshu", with the record of "Historical Records of Lu Zhou Shijia": King Wu of Zhou was seriously ill, and the Duke of Zhou made a prayer to worship God, and asked him to die instead of King Wu. Afterwards, the prayer was placed in a cabinet in a kinten (sealed with metal). King Wu died, King Cheng ascended the throne at a young age, and Duke Zhou assisted the government. There were rumors that the Duke of Zhou was going to usurp the throne. After Zhou Gong heard this, he left the national capital to Luoyang to avoid suspicion. Later, King Cheng found the prayer in the Jinteng Ark, and only then did he know that the Duke of Zhou was loyal, so he personally took the Duke of Zhou back and let him return to power. Cao Cao borrowed this allusion to show that he had no ambition to stand on behalf of the Han Dynasty.
81 Breth: Easily. Consignment: Waiver. Codex: In charge.
82 Deacon: Officer, in this case the imperial court.
83 Entering the country: After the princes of the Han Dynasty were entitled, they did not go to the capital but returned to the feudal country to live, which was called"National"。WU Ping; The name of the county is in the northwest of Luyi County, Henan Province. The marquis of the Han Dynasty was quite a county. In the first year of Jian'an (196 AD), Cao Cao was named Marquis of Wuping.
84 Woe: Murder. This means that I am really worried that if I give up the army, I will be murdered.
85 Real woes: In the midst of actual calamities.
86 What is not to be done: What cannot be done. Refers to the above relinquishment of military power.
87 Three sons: Cao Zhi, Cao Ju, and Cao Bao. According to the Book of Wei, in the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211 AD), Cao Cao's son Cao Zhi was the Marquis of Pingyuan, Cao Ju was the Marquis of Fanyang, and Cao Bao was the Marquis of Raoyang.
88 Referral push: that is, the push of the introductory, or the meson push. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a courtier of Duke Wen of Jin. Before Chong'er ascended the throne, he followed him into exile abroad for nineteen years; Chong'er returned to China to be the monarch, and he didn't talk about the position, and Chong'er never gave him the position. He and his mother lived in seclusion in the mountains.
89 Shen Xu: That is, Shen Baoxu, the doctor of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Wu attacked Chu and captured the capital of Chu (now Jiangling, Hubei), Shen Baoxu asked for help from Qin, Qin refused to send troops, he cried bitterly in the Qin court for seven days, and finally moved Qin Aigong, sent troops to rescue Chu and repelled the Wu army. King Chu Zhao returned to Yingdu and rewarded the meritorious heroes, but Shen Baoxu fled and refused to accept the reward.
90 Shedding: Giving up, letting go. Drop the book: Put down the book.
91 Flattery: to bear, to rely on. Guo: Country, refers to the Han Dynasty. Welling: Prestige.
92) 钺 (yue): The big axe, one of the ancient weapons, is also a kind of honor guard. In ancient times, the Son of Heaven went out on an expedition, holding a yellow Dai (golden axe). Money conquest: It means that the Son of Heaven will go on the expedition to defeat the separatist forces.
93 Push: Advance. Push weak: refers to the force that pushes one's weakness. Keqiang: refers to overcoming powerful forces.
Position 94: At. Small and Big Birds: Capture a strong enemy in a weak position. 95 Meaning: Thought. Pictured: Intended to seek.
96 Move: to act, to do. Together with the preceding sentence, it means that what you intend to seek is not unsuccessful.
97 Direction: Refers to what is going and doing. Ji: Success.
98 Humiliation: Humiliation, disappointment. Lord's order: The king's order, here refers to the order of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.
99 Seals: Fiefdoms. Both: Both. Four counties: Wuping, Yangxia (now Taikang County, Henan Province), Zhe (now Zhecheng County, Henan Province), Ku (now Luyi County, Henan Province).
100 食: refers to the food eup. In ancient times, those who received the title of knight, that is, enjoyed the tax of that land, which was called a food eup. The number of households in a city indicates the level of the Lu position. 30,000 households: enjoy the support of 30,000 households.
101 Return: Return, return to the imperial court.