Li De returned to the Soviet Union, where did the Chinese wife and children go
In Shanghai in August 1933, a 29-year-old Chinese invited a young German man in his early thirties to serve as his military adviser to the Soviet zone to command the Red Army in battle.
Comrade Wang Ming begged the German youth Braun not to joke, saying that he had just graduated from the Military Academy and had no experience in combat command, and that he had only come to Shanghai to run errands and give money.
However, Comrade Braun told him that it was not a joke and invited him to take over the command of the Red Army. Although Braun was unsure of his own experience, he agreed to Wang's proposal.
From September 1933, this young German, who had never commanded a battle, took over the leadership of the Red Army, and this is not **, but real history.
In 1931, the senior intelligence officers of the Comintern, Niu Lan and their son, were in Shanghai**. In order to rescue Niu Lan and his wife, the Comintern did whatever it wanted, and was even willing to exchange Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Ching-kuo in the Soviet Union, but Chiang Kai-shek categorically rejected this proposal.
Otto Braun, a German boy born in 1900, fought in World War I at the age of 16, albeit just as an ordinary soldier. At the age of 28, he was wanted by the German authorities for his activities and had to flee to the Soviet Union.
There he was recommended to study at the Frunze Military Academy of the USSR.
In 1932, shortly after graduating, Li De received a task to carry 40,000 US dollars to Shanghai with another comrade, and hand over the money to the "Sorge Group", the intelligence agency of the General Staff of the Soviet Red Army in Shanghai, so that they could use the money to rescue Niu Lan and his wife.
After completing the mission, Li De planned to return to China, and happened to meet Wang Ming, an acquaintance who had studied and worked in the Soviet Union. Wang Ming did not let Li De go back, but hoped that the other party could become his military adviser.
It turned out that although Wang Ming had studied and worked in the Soviet Union, he had not attended a military school, so he felt a little unsure about commanding the Red Army in the Soviet area. He had urged the Comintern to send a military adviser to China, but somehow the German Manfred Stern had not arrived.
As a result, Wang Ming decided to temporarily find Otto Braun as his military adviser, who was also a military adviser to the CCP, and was recognized by the Comintern. However, Braun had only simple military training and did not command any battles, so his performance in commanding the Red Army was not ideal.
Prior to this, the Red Army was mainly commanded by the Red Army, but after the "Gannan Conference" in November 1931, it was excluded from the leadership of the Red Army.
On June 20, 1932, the CCP sent a request to the Comintern, hoping to send a military expert to China to assist the Red Army revolution. Unexpectedly, however, the Comintern sent not a military expert, but a foreigner named Otto Braun.
In China, he is better known as Li De. It is said that he worked in China for a while, but some people are skeptical of this statement, because he entered the Frunze Military Academy in 1929 and by the time he graduated in the summer of 1932, he was already working in the General Staff of the Soviet Army.
This is not only a waste of talent, but also the profession is not right, and it does not work to act across departments. The only possible scenario is that Li De has nothing to do after graduation, and when he waits for the assignment, his friend comes to China to deliver money, and he follows.
However, when he came to China, he found himself unable to return and ended up staying in China for six years. Due to his lack of actual combat experience, Li De's command style in battle can only be summed up in the words "blind command."
The Red Army under his command failed in the fifth anti-encirclement campaign, and the fruits of the victory in the early stage of the Chinese revolution were lost, resulting in the Red Army having to carry out the Long March.
One wonders if Li De had been an experienced general, would the results have changed drastically? However, the answer may be disappointing. Because the situation in the Soviet Union was completely different from that of China, the Bolsheviks and the bourgeoisie joined forces to overthrow the Tsar before the revolution, and the two sides were equal in strength, the Bolsheviks controlled most of the army and navy, and the working class was also under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party (CPSU).
In addition, compared to China, which has a more developed industry and a strong labor force, the October Revolution was chosen to be carried out in the cities, and it was successful in less than half a month.
Li De received an education in regular warfare and positional warfare in the Soviet Union, and his knowledge did not correspond to China's agricultural conditions, so he could not be copied from him. General Chen Shiyu recalled that Li De's military theories were passed and his tactics lectures were vivid, but he did not integrate these theories with China's actual conditions.
Under the influence of Wang Ming, he commanded the Red Army to concentrate its forces and fight positional warfare and fortress warfare with the Kuomintang army, which was not suitable for China's national conditions and therefore did not work well.
This tactic, which was completely in line with Chiang Kai-shek's expectations, was of great benefit to the Kuomintang, and left a profound lesson in the almost destruction of the Red Army's vital forces. The "left-leaning" adventurism of Li De and Wang Ming eventually led to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression, and the Red Army had to leave the base area and embark on an arduous 25,000-mile long march.
At the Zunyi Conference, Li De was deprived of the command of the Red Army, but after the Red Army's Long March arrived in Yan'an, Li De was still entrusted with the important task of serving as the director of the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Strategic Research Office, and his living conditions were still very high.
Li De is a young man with strong blood, who came all the way to China, he is a bachelor, it is normal to have normal needs, and he has his own life needs.
According to the regulations of our party and our army, he also has the right to marry a wife and start a family. In fact, he didn't do anything wrong, he just longed for a family and a normal human life.
* The leadership did not interfere with his starting a family either. It's just that as a foreigner, many lesbians have a sense of distance from him, and there are language and cultural barriers when it comes to falling in love. Therefore, Li De's marriage problem has not been resolved, which makes Li De a little impatient and wants to solve the problem as soon as possible, but he made a joke and had a bad impact.
Once, Li De fell in love with a female warrior and walked directly forward to confess, regardless of whether the other party could understand his German or not. Not only that, the other party was already frightened by him and retreated, but he didn't care about the other party's feelings, and directly reached out to pull.
Ah, you are as beautiful as a flower! After saying that, he even wanted to take her into his arms immediately. Seeing that Li De was so impulsive, Wang Shengrong could only call Li De's translator Wu Xiuquan, and after some persuasion, he finally persuaded Li De to leave.
After this incident, the ** leaders felt uneasy, they thought that they should solve their personal problems for Li De, because he came to help us make a revolution, and we couldn't let him become an "ascetic", otherwise it would not only affect the work, but also have problems sooner or later.
Once this happens, the impact becomes out of control. Therefore, the superiors entrusted Li Jianzhen, Minister of Women's Affairs, to find a girlfriend for Li De and regarded it as an important political task.
What Li Jianzhen didn't expect was that before she could introduce Li De, Li De had already fallen in love with a girl.
Lai Shuidi was the niece of Yang Shiliang, chairman of the Shazhouba District Soviet, and Yang Shiliang, for the sake of the party's cause, agreed to Li De's relationship with Lai Shuidi, and tried to persuade Lai Shuidi to accept Li De.
However, Lai Shuidi had previously set up a baby kiss, and her fiancé also joined the Kuomintang, which brought problems to Li De's political censorship. In order to solve this problem, Li Jianzhen decided to find another partner for Li De.
She thought of her Guangdong hometown Xiao Yuehua, who was born in a poor peasant family in Dapu County, Guangdong, and embarked on the revolutionary road and joined the Communist Party because of the influence of Cai Suping when she was young.
Xiao Yuehua previously served as a women's minister in Dapu County, and later worked in the Young Communist Party, and she looks very good, I believe it will be Li De's satisfactory choice.
Li Jianzhen specially arranged a riverside appointment with Xiao Yuehua. By the river at night, she went straight to the point and asked Xiao Yuehua if she was considering marrying Comrade Li De. Xiao Yuehua immediately shook her head and refused, saying that she was unwilling to marry a foreigner, thinking that the language difference was a problem.
However, Li Jianzhen retorted that as proletarians, the revolutionary goals of the whole world are the same, and nationality does not matter. Li Jianzhen solemnly told Xiao Yuehua that this was a political task entrusted to her by the party, and hoped that she would seriously consider it.
This night, Xiao Yuehua tossed and turned, unable to sleep. After much deliberation, she decided to accept the assignment. Under Li Jianzhen's arrangement, Li De and Xiao Yuehua met by the river.
Li De was deeply attracted by Xiao Yuehua's unique oriental feminine charm and began to praise her warmly.
Xiao Yuehua looked at the distant scenery in a daze, absent-minded. Although the ** leader held a wedding for her and Li De, and many responsible persons were present to congratulate her, she was not happy.
The two don't speak the same language, have different cultures, and her future is full of unknowns. Sure enough, not long after getting married, Li De asked her to quit her job and concentrate on staying at home with her. As the Kuomintang launched the fifth "encirclement and suppression," the situation in the base areas became more and more severe, and the pressure on Li De's shoulders became greater and greater, and his emotions gradually got out of control.
Xiao Yuehua returned home and saw the messy home, and her heart was exhausted. Her husband hadn't come back yet, and she simply ate something and rested. In the middle of the night, Xiao Yuehua was woken up by her husband and saw him with a blue face, holding biscuits and accusing her of stealing them.
At that time, the rationing system was implemented in the Soviet area, Li De enjoyed the highest level of materials, and Xiao Yuehua could only get ordinary treatment. Li De refused to share the materials, which made Xiao Yuehua feel very aggrieved.
Wu Xiuquan rushed to hear the news and tried his best to mediate the conflict between the husband and wife.
After the quarrel, Li De began to hold grudges, intensified, had nothing to do, began domestic violence, and often punched and kicked his wife, causing Xiao Yuehua to be bruised and purple, and his body was incomplete.
Xiao Yuehua was dissuaded by Li Jianzhen, but still chose to leave Li De's home. Soon, the Red Army's Long March arrived in Yan'an, and this marriage came to an end. At this time, Xiao Yuehua already had a child, Bu Xiao Dehua, and the child's appearance did not follow Li De, but black hair and yellow **.
The arrival of a new life did not change the outcome of this marriage, and the two still chose to divorce. Li De resolutely didn't want a child, and Xiao Yuehua couldn't rest assured that the child was by his side, so the child followed his mother, and his name was changed to Xiao Ningning.
Li De has no nostalgia for Xiao Yuehua, and he has no feelings for children, and rarely goes to see children. After Li De left China in 1939, the father and son became strangers and had no contact since.
After divorcing Li De, Xiao Yuehua had a deep fear of marriage, and did not remarry for a long time, relying on her son Ning Ning for her life. Without the fetters of marriage, Xiao Yuehua spent all her time on work, obeyed the arrangements of her superiors, and traveled around to carry out work.
In 1960, Xiao Yuehua was awarded the rank of colonel, and in 1982, he was adjusted from the rank of full division to the rank of deputy army.
Li De's marriage to Xiao Yuehua was full of pain, but despite this, Li De never took the initiative to contact her, even if it was just to write a letter. Xiao Yuehua died in Guangzhou in November 1983 at the age of 73, and her son, Xiao Ningning, lived a low-key and almost silent life.
However, Li De's relationship did not end because of this, but opened a new chapter. His new partner's name is Li Lilian, a film, drama, and song star from Shanghai, who has many fans.
At the party, Li Lilian saw Li De sitting in the front row at a glance, and out of politeness, she greeted Li De in English. Li De developed a strong curiosity about this beautiful English-speaking woman.
At the dance party a few days later, Li De took the initiative to shake hands with Li Lilian and invited her to a singing and dancing party. At the party, Li Lilian sang the northern Shaanxi folk song "Driving the Spirit", and her melodious and tactful singing voice made Li De fascinated.
Li De had already decided to return to the Soviet Union, but after meeting this beauty, he decided to stay in Yan'an for a while. Compared with his ex-wife Xiao Yuehua, Li Lilian is undoubtedly more charming, which makes Li De unable to give up.
As a person who has seen the world, Li Lilian is full of affection for the tall and handsome Li De. Under the arrangement of the organization, Li Lilian became Li De's second wife. Both love romance and speak English, so there are no barriers to communication.
In addition, Li Lilian is avant-garde and outgoing, and has no personality conflict with Li De, and the two get along harmoniously and beautifully, which is very enviable. However, this wonderful marriage did not last, and soon after the two got married, Li De had to return to the Soviet Union.
In the early morning of August 28, 1939, Li De was freshening up when he received a notice from Zhang Wentian telling him to go to the airport quickly. It turned out that ** fell from a horse not long ago and broke his arm and never recovered, so it was decided to fly to the USSR **.
At this time, the Comintern sent a telegram asking Li De to return to the Soviet Union to report on his work. Therefore, ** decided to let Li De and *** fly to Moscow together. Although Li De and Li Lilian already had a deep relationship, he did not bring his wife with him, because the matter came too suddenly, and the formalities had not yet been completed.
So, Li De had no choice but to say goodbye to Li Lilian reluctantly beside the plane and shed sad tears. This separation became forever. Li De boarded the plane, Li Lilian cried so much that she fainted to the ground, if she knew that she would be separated so soon, why should she get together?
What a ruthless God, forcibly tearing the two apart. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Li Lilian served as deputy director of the International Liaison Department of the All-China Women's Federation, and she also re-established a new family.
In 1965, Li Lilian, who was only 51 years old, died tragically in Beijing. However, despite the great losses inflicted on the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army during his tenure, after returning to the Soviet Union, Li De was no longer highly regarded by the Comintern, and had to sit on the cold bench and be transferred to the publishing work.
On August 15, 1974, Li De died in East Germany at the age of 73. Although Li De was a staunch communist, and his command mistakes did bring irreparable damage to the Chinese revolution, the reasons were also very complex and could not be blamed solely on him.
In any case, as a foreigner, Li De has a spirit of sacrifice and risk, paid his own efforts for the Chinese revolution, and persevered in completing the Long March, and is a real tough guy.