-- Research on the interactive industry of the car network
China Energy News Network Research Group.
In recent years, China's electric vehicle industry has developed rapidly, and more and more families choose electric vehicles as a means of travel. In the context of vehicle-network interaction, electric vehicles are being given a new meaning other than "means of transportation".
The so-called vehicle-network interaction, that is, the electric vehicle is connected to the public power grid, microgrid and other power supply systems or buildings, residential and other power distribution systems through charging and discharging devices, and the power battery is used as a flexible resource for mobile energy storage or controllable load aggregation to participate in the operation of the power grid, so as to realize the two-way interaction of energy flow and information flow between the electric vehicle and the power grid.
To put it simply, electric vehicles are not only the "beneficiaries" of energy obtained from the power grid, but also the "beneficiaries" of orderly charging and even reverse power transmission with the power grid because of their massive charging and discharging resources.
At present, how is the interaction between China's vehicle and network? How can EV users benefit from vehicle-to-network interaction? A few days ago, the reporter visited all aspects of the development of China's vehicle-network interactive industry and conducted in-depth research on its significance and difficulties.
"Participating in the interaction of the car network can achieve 'free driving'".
Parking, inserting guns, scanning codes, ......After a series of charging actions, Ms. Yan, the owner of the electric car, has been smooth. Unlike most car owners, Ms. Yan also has another identity - a senior car-network interactive participant.
I've been involved in Vehicle-to-Net Interaction for three years. There are two main ways to participate, one is to charge off-peak during the time period when the electricity price is low, and the other is to use the electric vehicle as an energy storage facility to use the electricity price difference in different periods for charging and discharging operations. Both of these ways allow me to 'earn' money while using the car. Ms. Yan said with a smile.
As Ms. Yan said, at present, vehicle-network interaction is mainly carried out in the form of intelligent and orderly charging and two-way charging and discharging of vehicle-network. In the orderly charging scenario, car owners can use the orderly charging pile to charge at low hours; In the bidirectional charging and discharging scenario, vehicle owners can use V2G piles (V2G) to discharge electric vehicles as mobile energy storage units during peak hours.
However, after visiting dozens of electric vehicle owners in Beijing, the reporter learned that only a few car owners have an understanding of the interaction between the car network. These car owners admit that the biggest incentive for them to participate in car-network interaction is income.
I hope that a car-network interaction can earn the price of a cup of coffee. ”
If the benefits of vehicle-to-network interaction can offset the cost of EV charging, I would like to consider participating. ”
The reporter saw from the "e-charging" APP used by Ms. Yan that in the past three years, she has used the vehicle to participate in reverse power transmission to the power grid in her spare time, and obtained more than 8,000 yuan in discharge income, exceeding the charging expenditure, and basically realizing the "freedom of charging".
However, Ms. Yan also told reporters that due to the current popularity rate of vehicle-network interaction is not high, her discharge income cannot be withdrawn, and it is limited to consumption and use in "e-charging". At the same time, because of the characteristics of her work, she has the opportunity to frequently participate in the charging and discharging of the power grid, so that the frequency of participating in the interaction between the car and the network is higher than that of ordinary car owners.
Journalists also made calculations on average. At present, the average capacity of electric vehicle batteries is 70 to 80 kWh, if each time you use 20 kWh of capacity to participate in vehicle-network interaction, according to 100 times of charging and discharging per year, you can get 08 yuan estimates, a year to participate in the car network interaction income is about 1,600 yuan.
Li Jianbo, vice president of Telai New Energy Co., Ltd., affirmed the above data and said: "In an ideal state, ordinary private car owners can participate in the interaction of the car network and basically realize free driving. ”
In terms of revenue, there are also a significant number of EV users who are concerned about the life of the battery. In the interview, more than eighty percent of respondents expressed concern about the impact of frequent charging and discharging on the service life of car batteries.
In this regard, Li Jianbo calculated an account for reporters: "According to our statistics, the average charging frequency of most private vehicles is about 50 times a year. According to the 10-year life of the car, the number of charging times used by the owner in the whole cycle is about 500 times. At present, the design life of the power battery is at least 3,000 times, and according to the conservative calculation of the actual service life of 2,000 times, each electric vehicle still has more than 1,000 battery charging times in the whole life cycle to participate in the vehicle-network interaction. ”
According to the reporter's understanding, at present, there are a number of vehicle network interactive projects in China that have been piloted in the country and have been commercialized in some areas.
For example, the State Grid has carried out the construction of pilot projects in more than 10 provinces and cities across the country, and has deployed more than 300 V2G stations and more than 1,000 V2G piles, and relied on the pilot projects to explore V2G participation in multi-scenario applications such as general industrial and commercial peak shaving and valley filling, distribution network interaction, etc.
The more than 500,000 terminals operated by the special call charging network can also meet the interaction of the vehicle network, which can realize local interaction and orderly charging, and at the same time can participate in interactive services such as peak shaving auxiliary services and market-oriented demand response on a regular basis, with an adjustable capacity of more than 3 million kilowatts.
In addition, vehicle-network interaction has driven the layout and application of multiple links in the industrial chain.
At present, China has completed a series of independent research and development of DC charging and discharging piles such as 7 kilowatts, 15 kilowatts and 60 kilowatts. BYD, GAC, Great Wall and other car companies have also launched more than 10 V2G models, and simultaneously carried out technical research on the charging and discharging efficiency of power batteries and participating in V2G life analysis.
He Xu, head of the charging and swapping planning and management department of NIO, said in an interview with reporters that at present, all models of NIO support vehicle-network interaction, and at the same time, the construction of V2G stations will be promoted on a large scale to guide electric vehicle users to participate in V2G business.
In addition, the relevant documents issued by the state and local governments on carbon peaking, energy storage, renewable energy, electricity prices, etc., also generally include vehicle-network interaction in the scope of support.
With the continuous improvement of China's power market mechanism, it is expected to support vehicle-network interaction to fully enter the power market in about 3 to 5 years, realize the fair competition between V2G aggregate resources and fixed energy storage, improve the allocation efficiency of China's power flexibility resources, and promote the formation of vehicle-network interaction market. Liu Yongdong, deputy secretary-general of the China Electricity Council, said.
"Electric vehicles will become a 'consumption artifact' for new energy power generation."
For ordinary electric vehicle users, the value of vehicle-network interaction is most intuitively reflected in the increase in personal income. For the entire energy system, vehicle-network interaction is a good medicine to improve the operation efficiency of the power system and improve the flexibility and stability of the power grid.
Liu Yongdong said that the vehicle-network interactive technology combines electric vehicles with large power grids to realize two-way transmission and optimal utilization of energy, which is of great significance for promoting the transformation of energy structure and achieving sustainable development. At the same time, the coordinated development of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure and the energy Internet is also an important way to cultivate new momentum for the development of the electric vehicle industry, improve the flexibility and stability of the power grid, and promote the clean and low-carbon transformation of energy.
Wang Wen, deputy general manager of State Grid Intelligent Vehicle Networking Technology, pointed out in an interview with reporters that with the construction of new power systems, the penetration rate of new energy is getting higher and higher, resulting in more and more randomness and volatility on the power supply side, which will bring severe challenges to the operation control of the power grid.
The load of electric vehicles has the outstanding characteristics of large scale, flexible and adjustable, and good economy, and is a high-quality adjustable load resource. Through vehicle-network interaction, the problem of insufficient supply and demand coordination in the construction of new power system can be effectively solved. Wang Wen said.
The reporter learned from the State Grid Smart Vehicle Networking Technology that in 2023, the company will rely on the State Grid Smart Vehicle Networking Platform to aggregate a total of 2More than 60,000 charging stations, more than 60,000 charging piles, and more than 2,000 MW of new energy vehicle charging loads have participated in the peak shaving auxiliary service market and power demand response market in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanghai and other places, and promoted the integrated development of new energy vehicles and new power systems.
Li Jianbo also expressed the same view. He believes that at present, the proportion of new energy power generation in China is increasing year by year, although the behavior of new energy on the power generation side is uncontrollable, but it can be constrained and controlled on the load side through vehicle network interaction, so as to achieve the response and conversion of demand.
The mobile energy storage of electric vehicles and the orderly charging network of the industrial park form a 'reservoir', which is very likely to solve the problem of disorderly power generation after the current large proportion of new energy access, and electric vehicles will also become a very good new energy 'consumption artifact'. Li Jianbo said.
In addition to building a bridge between the disorder of the power generation side and the orderliness of the load side, Li Lili, deputy director of the New Energy Vehicle Energy Storage Research Institute of Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, also interpreted the significance of vehicle-network interaction from the perspective of economy.
Li Lili explained that the current distribution network needs to leave enough redundant power to ensure the safety of electricity consumption, resulting in community private charging piles and public fast charging stations are facing the bottleneck of charging facilities for installation. At present, the construction of community private charging piles occupies a large public space and has a high investment cost, and the intelligent and orderly charging that can be realized through vehicle-network interaction can increase the access capacity of the distribution box to more than twice the original, which greatly reduces the scale and investment cost of community private charging piles and the corresponding distribution network construction.
Secondly, vehicle-network interaction can also save more than one trillion yuan of power supply and flexible adjustment of social costs. Li Lili pointed out that the current power grid exceeds 95% of the annual peak load for less than 50 hours, in order to ensure this part of the peak load demand, the power system often needs to be equipped with peak power supply or transmission channels, and the marginal cost is very high.
According to Li Lili's team, by 2035, China is expected to achieve "net peak shaving" of daily load through vehicle-network coordination, and "complete peak shaving" by 2050, reducing the construction demand of peak units and transmission channels by 20% compared with the traditional load mode.
The huge social costs saved can be fed back to every aggregator and every car owner through the market-based mechanism. Li Lili said.
"It is necessary to strengthen the coordination of charging infrastructure, policy mechanisms, user guidance, etc."
Although it is beneficial, a number of industry experts also revealed to reporters that in order to realize the desire of car owners to "go online as soon as possible", there are still many pain points in car network interaction that need to be broken through.
Wang Wen believes that at present, the two-way interactive development of electric vehicles and power grids mainly faces five constraints: technical standards, pile construction costs, load aggregation, advanced mechanisms, and consumption habits.
For example, in terms of pile construction cost, because there is no scale effect, the current charging and discharging pile ** is about 2 3 times that of conventional DC pile, that is, the cost of a 15 kilowatt charging and discharging pile will be 20,000 or 30,000 yuan, and whether the cost can be significantly reduced in the future mainly depends on whether it can be promoted on a large scale. Wang Wen explained.
In terms of car companies, He Xu believes that the current technical standards for vehicle-network interaction are not perfect, and there is also a lack of first-class mechanism and business model for vehicle-network interaction.
Liu Yongdong pointed out that at present, the participation of vehicle-network interactive flexibility resources in the power market is still restricted by many factors, such as the peak auxiliary service market has not yet been established, personal charging pile users have not been able to participate in the main market of spot and other electric energy, the charging facility resources below the grid gate meter are still difficult to directly aggregate and participate in the market, and V2G aggregation resources have not yet been able to have the market participation status of independent energy storage power stations.
In this context, Liu Yongdong suggested that the vehicle-network interaction spans multiple links such as power grid, transportation, and charging, and the industrial chain is long and involves many departments, so it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of charging infrastructure, policy mechanisms, user guidance, etc., accelerate the introduction of top-level design documents for vehicle-network interaction, and accelerate the identification of market entities. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the top-level design of the coordinated transformation of energy and transportation, and accelerate the synchronous upgrading of multiple links such as charging infrastructure network, terminal equipment, technical standards, market operation and service community property cooperation on the basis of clarifying the technical path, key areas and division of labor between departments.
Li Lili said that the top-level design and commercialization roadmap of vehicle-network collaboration should be formulated at the national level as soon as possible, a cross-industry coordination mechanism should be established, the construction of technical standards and testing and certification systems should be accelerated, and the construction of pilot demonstration zones should be carried out to improve the supporting market mechanism and policy supervision system.
In order to vigorously cultivate a new industrial ecology of vehicle-network integration and interaction, and strongly support the construction of a high-quality charging infrastructure system and the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry, a few days ago, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration and other four departments issued the "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Integration and Interaction of New Energy Vehicles and Power Grids" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Opinions"), proposing six key tasks such as synergistically promoting the core technology research of vehicle-network interaction and accelerating the establishment of a vehicle-network interaction standard system, which has clarified the development path for the development of vehicle-network interaction in China.
According to the goals set in the "Implementation Opinions", it is expected that by the end of 2025, more than 5 demonstration cities and more than 50 two-way charging and discharging demonstration projects will be built, and at the same time, more than 60% of the annual charging power in the pilot demonstration cities in 2025 will be concentrated in the trough period.
In addition, in response to the problem of standardization of vehicle-network interaction, Wang Wen made it clear that the standardization of vehicle-network interaction is conducive to promoting the high-quality development of the charging and swapping infrastructure system, accelerating the promotion of charging and swapping service operators and load aggregators to carry out vehicle-network interaction practice and commercial operation, creating an innovative ecology, and consolidating and expanding the development advantages of new energy vehicles.
In the next step, we will give full play to the role of the Vehicle-Network Interaction Standard Working Group, gather the industry's advantages, and continue to revise the "Vehicle-Network Interaction Technology Standard System" on a rolling basis, so as to better serve the development of Vehicle-Network Interaction technology and business, and lead the rapid development of Vehicle-Network Interaction with high quality. Wang Wen said. (Research team members: Wang Yi, Bai Yu, Feng Congcong).
Curated |Wang Yi.
Reporter |Bai Yu Feng Congcong.
*Filming |Feng Congcong.