Hawthorn is a nutritious fruit with medicinal and edible properties. Here's how to grow hawthorn to help you grow a hawthorn tree successfully.
First, the selection of varieties.
There are many varieties of hawthorn, and choosing one that is suitable for the local climate and soil conditions is the key to success. In general, varieties that bloom in early spring, ripen in summer, are resistant to disease, have wide adaptability, and have good fruit quality are better choices.
2. Seedling. There are two types of hawthorn propagation: seed propagation and graft propagation. Seedlings propagated by seeds grow slowly and are generally not used; The seedlings propagated by grafting grow fast and can maintain the excellent traits of the female parent, which is a commonly used propagation method in production. When grafting and propagating, the rootstock is generally selected from hawthorn seedlings, and the grafting method can be bud grafting, splitting, cutting grafting, etc.
3. Planting site selection and land preparation.
Hawthorn is adaptable, but grows best on sandy loam or loam soils with loose soils, good aeration, deep soil layers, and strong aeration and permeability. Before planting, the land should be deeply cultivated, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and drainage and irrigation facilities should be done.
Fourth, colonization. Planting is generally done in the spring before bud break, around late March to mid-April. The planting density is determined according to the land conditions and variety characteristics, and the row spacing of 2 meters and 3 meters is generally adopted, and about 100 trees are planted per mu. When planting, the seedlings should be put into the pit, the root system should be stretched, the soil should be filled, and the root water should be watered.
5. Soil, fertilizer and water management.
Hawthorn trees are drought tolerant and afraid of waterlogging, so they should be watered and drained in a timely manner to keep the soil moist. Before budding in spring and after leaf fall in autumn, water should be watered once a year to promote root absorption and flower bud differentiation; Watering during the growing period should be based on soil conditions and rainfall to prevent root rot caused by overwatering; Water the freezing water once before freezing in winter to improve the cold resistance of the plants.
6. Pruning and shaping.
Pruning and shaping of hawthorn trees is one of the important measures to improve yield and quality. Pruning should be carried out according to the age, growth status and variety characteristics of the tree, mainly pruning weak branches, diseased branches, overlapping branches and dense branches, so that the tree structure is reasonable, ventilation and light. The shaping can adopt natural round head shape, scattered layered shape, etc., so that the crown is ventilated and transparent, which is conducive to fruit development and picking.
7. Pest control.
Common pests and diseases of hawthorn trees include powdery mildew, anthracnose, aphids, red spiders, etc. In prevention and control, it is necessary to follow the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", strengthen agricultural prevention and biological control, use chemical pesticides in a timely manner, and control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. Specific measures include strengthening field management, regular inspections, and removing diseased branches and fallen leaves.
Through the introduction of the above seven aspects, we can understand that the planting methods of hawthorn include variety selection, seedling, planting site selection and land preparation, planting, soil fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, and pest control. In production practice, it is necessary to choose suitable varieties and methods for planting management according to local climate and soil conditions, so as to obtain high-quality and high-yield hawthorn fruits.