Text |Chen Ying is a special researcher at the Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era, a researcher at the Institute of Ecological Civilization, and a deputy director of the Research Center for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Recently, the China Meteorological Administration issued guidance to further promote the realization of the value of climate and ecological products, tap the potential of climate resources, optimize and improve the value realization mechanism and industrial chain of climate and ecological products, improve the ability of meteorological services and tourism and health care, develop climate and ecological products according to local conditions, expand the theoretical and practical path of "two mountains", and do a good job in the utilization of climate and ecological resources.
The Earth's climate system is a complex system of the Earth's surface atmosphere, oceans, continents, cryosphere and biosphere. Climate is the multi-year average state of the atmosphere in a region, which is the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival, and is also an important basic resource for sustainable economic and social development. Climate resources refer to natural substances and energies such as sunlight, heat, clouds, wind, and atmospheric components that can be used by human production and life, and are an important part of ecological resources.
The ancients skillfully used climate and ecological resources to guide agricultural production and summarized the 24 solar terms. In modern times, especially since the Industrial Revolution, climate change caused by human activities has been intensifying, resulting in frequent extreme weather and climate disasters around the world. Climate change not only affects the distribution of climatic factors such as light, heat, water and wind, but also affects economic activities such as agricultural production, human health and urban construction, bringing severe challenges to the sustainable development of mankind, and it is urgent to respond to climate change. In the context of climate change, with the continuous development of climate change science and technology, human society has gradually deepened its understanding of climate and ecological resources, and has become more and more conscious of protecting and developing climate ecological resources.
From an economic point of view, climate ecological resources have some unique economic attributes. First, it has use value and can provide indispensable material conditions for human production and life; The second is the comprehensive value, which can only be used by human activities if the appropriate combination of light, temperature, water and other elements can be used; Third, it has economic utilization value only within a certain range, and extreme weather will bring disasters and economic losses to human society; Fourth, there are great differences in regional distribution, and some regions have unique climatic and ecological resources compared with other regions, which must be adapted to local conditions; Fifth, instability, due to the large variability of climate, there are periodic and non-cyclical fluctuations in climate and ecological resources. In addition, climate and ecological resources are the products of interaction between man and nature, integrating natural factors and social and economic factors, in order to develop and utilize climate and ecological resources, it is necessary to continuously deepen the understanding of climate laws, and also need certain technology and capital investment.
The unique economic attributes of climate and ecological resources make them have the basic conditions for transforming them into climate and ecological products. Ecological products usually include three categories: ecological material products, ecological regulation service products and cultural service products, and climate and ecological resources can play a role in these three aspects.
First of all, climate and ecological resources can be integrated into ecological material products. For example, to enhance the value of characteristic agricultural and animal husbandry products through climate quality certification, Yunnan's flower industry is inseparable from the unique climatic conditions of spring all year round. Under the "dual carbon" goal, areas with abundant renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy have ushered in important development opportunities. Secondly, climate and ecological resources can be integrated into ecological regulation service products, which can be manifested in characteristic climate, fresh air and beautiful environment, so as to bring characteristic tourism and climate health care. For example, Xining City, Qinghai Province, which is known as the "summer capital", has become a summer resort, Hainan Province receives millions of "migratory birds" every year, and Harbin has achieved new development in the cultural tourism industry with ice and snow tourism. Thirdly, climate and ecological resources can also be integrated into cultural service products. For example, the 24 solar terms have become a unique symbol of Chinese culture, and novel meteorological landscapes such as rainbow, sunrise (morning glow), sunset (sunset), rime, and snow rime give people a unique aesthetic experience and spiritual and cultural enjoyment.
In recent years, a series of relevant policies and measures to support the protection, development and utilization of climate resources have been introduced at the national level and in many localities, and some innovative explorations and practices have been carried out. These explorations have not only effectively guided the whole society to form a consensus on efforts to protect the climate and tap the value of climate, but also explored some new application models. Some localities have continuously explored and improved the complementary development of "photovoltaic + agriculture", "photovoltaic + fishery" and "photovoltaic + animal husbandry" according to local conditions, and promoted the realization of a win-win situation of economic, social and environmental benefits. Recently, the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market was launched, and the contribution of climate and ecological resources to the value of ecosystem carbon sinks is expected to be realized through market trading. It should be pointed out that the process of realizing the value of climate ecological products is the process of transforming the intrinsic value contained in climate ecological products into economic, social and ecological benefits. Since most climate and ecological products have the attributes of public goods, only part of the value is truly transformed into economic benefits through the market, and its greater value lies in benefiting people's livelihood.
The utilization of climate and ecological resources is a big article, involving meteorology, agriculture, energy, environmental protection, tourism, science and technology, culture, education and other departments and fields, and has put forward many new theoretical and practical topics for us. Let us adhere to the important concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" as the guide, promote multi-department coordination, and work for a long time to do a good job in the utilization of climate and ecological resources.