In 1955, in order to give the People's Liberation Army a modern and regularized style, China held a grand ceremony and conferred military ranks for the first time. There are 10 marshals, 10 generals, 55 generals, 570 lieutenant generals, and 98 out of 700 major generals. In the following ten years, two generals, two lieutenant generals and more than 500 major generals were crowned and conferred.
However, who would have expected that only ten years later, in June 1965, our army abolished the military rank system, and the military uniform had a unique logo, one red star, two red flags, and the ranks of officers and soldiers were integrated.
It seems to be unified and unified, but in fact it shows that our army's hierarchical system is not perfect. There is no distinction between external ranks of officers, which makes it inconvenient for them to organize and command, develop officers, and communicate with foreign armies.
Twenty-three years later, in 1988, under the guidance of Deng Gong, our military once again implemented a new military rank system.
The abolition of the military rank system was carried out in 1965, and ** was the first to initiate it, which was required by the current situation. Our army was established in 1927, and at the beginning of the country, there was no military rank, so it attracted a lot of jokes when resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
However, as early as September 1950, President Zhu had already made it clear: "The troop hierarchy system must be implemented immediately!" "But the war in Korea was put on hold.
However, this battle enlightened our army on the diplomatic importance of the military rank system.
Therefore, from April 1952, in accordance with the order of the General Cadre Department, the matter of grading the whole army began to be conceived and implemented. However, our army lacks the practice of the rank system, and can only follow the example of neighboring countries such as the Soviet Union.
In this military rank system, there are six ranks and 19 grades from generalissimo to private. Marshal 2nd class, general officer 4th grade, school officer 4th grade, lieutenant officer 4th grade, sergeant **, soldier 2nd grade. However, the warrant officer level is a transitional establishment. The Generalissimo should have given ***, but the old man was not given.
In the early 60s, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, and a nationwide anti-repair movement was launched. In this context, the "55-style military rank system" borrowed from the Soviet Union is bound to be affected.
In August 1964, **, who was in charge of the daily affairs of the Military Commission, went to Beidaihe with the then Chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army and the Secretary-General of the Military Commission, and reported to the Ministry of Advanced Military Affairs the proposal to reduce the salaries of senior cadres in the army, as a measure to oppose repairs and prevent repairs.
When talking about this matter, General He put forward the proposal to abolish the military rank system for the first time, and his tone was resolute: "Is it even the abolition of military ranks?" * Instead of objecting, he replied firmly, "Cancel it, get rid of that card!" I've wanted to get rid of it for a long time! ”
There are two interpretations of the reasons for the abolition of the military rank system proposed by Senior General He:
On the one hand, Senior General He has experienced the revolution and has a special affection for such fine traditions as "equality of officers and soldiers" and "arduous struggle," and has misgivings about learning from foreign regularization construction.
On the other hand, there may be a deviation in the understanding of "anti-repair and defensive repair", which makes it turn a blind eye to the disadvantages of the military rank system.
In addition to "opposing repairs and defending repairs," the military rank system is regarded as a "bourgeois legal power," which has given rise to the concept of hierarchy and nominal status among cadres in the army, which runs counter to the fine traditions of the army.
When the military rank system was first implemented, many problems were particularly prominent, and the promotion mechanism was particularly embarrassing. Although it is stipulated that the second lieutenant to the colonel will be promoted according to the number of years, and the colonel and above will be selected for merit, the implementation effect is not good. There are even more than 1,000 generals, and although there have been frequent changes in positions in the past ten years, not a single one has been promoted to the military rank. This state of affairs has caused dissatisfaction and even disgust among many officers.
To sum up, the reasons for the abolition of the military rank system are complex and diverse, but the main reason is that it is still influenced by the "leftist" ideological trend, which misleads people's perception of the military rank system. Therefore, it is imperative to abolish the military rank system.
However, the initial abolition of the military rank system was not complete, but was limited to all ranks below the rank of general, and only the rank of marshal was retained.
After this move, the servicemen on active duty still maintained the insignia of the military branch on the collar badge, but in foreign affairs activities, except for the marshal, the rest used the title of the position, that is, the method of "existing in name only".
However, some units and individuals have put forward different opinions, advocating the complete abolition of the military rank system, not retaining the rank of marshal, and uniformly wearing the badge of the "Chinese People's Liberation Army" in order to demonstrate the unity of officers and soldiers and the unanimous ...... of the whole army
Most of these opinions were later adopted! As a result, on February 18, 1965, the Ministry of National Defense issued the "Notice on Stopping the Work of Conferring and Promoting Titles".
On May 22 of the same year, the "Decision on Abolishing the Military Rank System of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" was adopted.
On the 24th, ** announced the "Decision on the New Cap Badge, Collar Badge and Some Military Uniform Styles of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", stipulating that the army, navy, air force and public security forces will all wear new all-red five-pointed star cockades and all-red collar badges ......
In this way, the Type 55 military rank gradually became history, and the Type 65 military uniform of "one in green and three points red" officially debuted, which lasted for 23 years.
It is worth mentioning that in 1966, Albania, known as the beacon of European socialism, also imitated China and announced the abolition of the military rank system.
Twenty-three years later, in 1988, China reinstated the military rank system, and Albania resumed it in 1991.
However, since the abolition of the military rank system in 1965 was approved, some veterans were still worried when Deng Gong decided to restore the military rank system, but Deng Gong was decisive and insisted on his decision, even if there was controversy from the outside world, it could not change his determination.
In the end, under the wise decision of Deng Gong, the 88-style military rank was officially introduced.
The Type 88 rank assessment is different from the Type 55.
First of all, the evaluation of officers mainly considers three aspects: "morality, talent, and achievement."
Secondly, there is no longer a rank of general and captain in the military ranks, which are divided into 6 grades and 17 levels, of which there are 4 levels of generals: first-class general, general, lieutenant general, and major general; Rank 4: Colonel, Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, Major; Lieutenant 3: Captain, Lieutenant, Ensign; Students; Sergeant 3 rank: sergeant, sergeant, corporal; Soldier 2: Private of the Upper Class, Private of the Private.
In addition, the 88-style military rank also implements a job hierarchy, and the most significant feature is "one post and three ranks".
On September 14, 1988, the ** Military Commission held a grand ceremony for the first time to confer the rank of general at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, and 17 people, including Hong Xuezhi, Qin Jiwei, and **, were awarded the rank of general.
From 16 to 23 July, various general departments, services and arms, military regions, and other units successively held ceremonies for conferring the titles of lieutenant generals, major generals, and some colonels and lieutenants.
According to statistics, a total of 1,452 people have been awarded the rank of general, 180,000 rank of colonel, and 40 rank of lieutenant50,000 people.
On October 1 of the same year, the Chinese People's Liberation Army officially implemented a new military rank system, and all officers and men of the army changed into unified new uniforms, giving a new look and ......