"The old year is over tonight, and the new year is coming tomorrow. "The Spring Festival is the most solemn and festive festival of the Chinese nation. In this day of nurturing a year of good hope, many literati were grateful for the time, took advantage of the time to express their feelings, and unfolded what they saw and heard in their pen and ink books, and expressed their thoughts and feelings. These words are not only a vivid expression of the author's feelings, but also a historical record of the development of customs and etiquette.
Wander the long river of books, feel the Spring Festival in the "word", silently recite the magnificent narrative of the national ceremony, peruse the vivid records of the New Year's rituals, taste the description of the natural scenery, experience the author's intertwined yearning for peace and tranquility and the sigh of life The change of stars, the old year is said with clear and beautiful sentences, and the New Year is greeted by reading with a scroll.
The major affairs of the country are in worship and Rong. "Since ancient times, the Spring Festival sacrifice, whether official or civil, is an extremely solemn activity. The Book of Songs, known as the "Encyclopedia of Ancient Society", records the sacrifice as follows: "Friends drink and feast, and they say that they kill lambs." Standing in the court, he is called his son, and his longevity is boundless. "At the turn of the new year, people slaughter sheep and prepare wine, sacrifice to the god of agriculture and ancestors, and gather together after the celebration, and a grand event slowly begins.
The Spring Festival, also known as the "Yuan Day", is the first of the year. With a beginning comes an expectation. During the Spring Festival, many literati wrote down their expectations for the future, "In order to say that this year is better than last year, and the next year should be better than before." Yao He, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Two Songs of the New Year's Eve": "The old country is a thousand miles, and the new year is every few years." The cold is still close to the north cliff, and the wind is gradually growing eastward. Another example is Meng Haoran's "Tian Jia Yuan Ri", which expresses his wish like this: "The mulberry field ploughs the father, and the lotus hoe follows the shepherd boy." The Tian family accounts for the climate, and it is said that this year is abundant. "Song Li Chuquan's "Nanxiangzi Chinese New Year's Eve and Composition" is also a poem that expresses New Year's hopes: "Harmony is Chunyan." It has been made cold and returned to the earth. The years are old and old, and they are gorgeous. The gall is cold for a longer period of time, and it never sleeps. Pepper plate. Cypress wine fragrant floating white jade boat. I advise everyone to wish each other, what a word. I hope this year is better than last year. These writings, between the lines, flow the poet's beautiful vision for the New Year.
The Spring Festival is the strongest nostalgia for Chinese children; Reunion is the most intoxicating flavor of the New Year for the descendants of Yan and Huang. For reunion, there is nothing more deeply emotional than those wanderers who are away from home. Spending Chinese New Year's Eve alone in a different place is what it is like to have a "different taste in my heart". The Tang Dynasty poet Cui Tufu wrote: "The night of the chaotic mountains and the remnants of the snow, the lonely candle is a stranger." gradually distanced from flesh and blood, and turned to servants. Dai Shulun wrote in "Except for the Night Staying at the Stone Station": "Whoever asks each other in the hotel, the cold lamp is amiable. The year will come to an end, and thousands of miles will not return. Even Gao Shi, who wrote "Mo Chou has no knowers on the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you", faced with this situation, he inevitably sighed: "My hometown is thinking for thousands of miles tonight, and the frost temples are another year in the Ming Dynasty." This kind of "thinking of relatives every festival" is a special situation of the Spring Festival, and it is precisely because of its existence that the reunion is particularly precious.
Spring Festival poems are the sustenance and concise expression of poets' emotions, and in **, the writers' descriptions of Spring Festival customs and New Year activities are more rich and three-dimensional.
For example, the fifty-third chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions" depicts the Spring Festival in a large space. Regarding the New Year's affairs, the book wrote, "It is the month of Layue, and the New Year is approaching, Mrs. Wang and Sister Feng are managing the New Year's affairs"; wrote the New Year's money, "On this day, the You family in the Ning Mansion was getting up with Jia Rong's wife to give Jia Rong's mother a needlework gift, just when the girl came in with a tea tray and a New Year's bill"; After the ancestor worship ceremony was completed, "everyone gathered around to the main room of Jia's mother, which was also a brocade embroidered screen, which took on a new look." The local brazier burns pine and cedar incense, lily grass and ......"The ancients believed that the warmth of the fire was an auspicious omen.
Of course, Cao Xueqin's description of the Chinese New Year in Jiafu is not only to show people the liveliness of Jiafu, but also to hint at the extravagance of Jiafu.
The twenty-first chapter of "The History of Confucianism" describes the scene of the New Year's celebration of the small shopkeeper Bu Laopa: "Bu Lao did not come out to celebrate the festival until the third day of the new year, ate a few glasses of wine and some dishes at the house, played through the pontoon bridge, and saw that the gate brand had changed the Spring Festival couplets, and the flowers pasted were busy, and I couldn't help but feel sad for a while, and shed a lot of tears. ”
The Spring Festival written by modern writers records the New Year's customs in various places. For example, Lu Xun wrote about the New Year in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in "Blessing": "This is the year-end ceremony of Luzhen, pay tribute, welcome the god of blessing, and pray for good luck in the coming year." Chickens were killed, geese were slaughtered, pork was bought, and the women's arms were soaked red in the water, and some of them wore silver bracelets. After cooking, insert some chopsticks in this kind of thing, it can be called 'blessing', the fifth watch day is displayed, and light the incense candles, and invite the gods of fortune to enjoy, but the worship is limited to men, after worshipping naturally still firecrackers. Every year, every family. ”
If you want to feel the folk customs of the Spring Festival in old Beijing, you might as well read Lao She's "Spring Festival in Beijing". The Chinese New Year of the old Beijingers generally starts from "Laba" and continues until after the Lantern Festival. At the beginning, Lao She wrote about boiling Laba porridge and soaking Laba garlic at home, and described in detail the materials and methods of Laba porridge, humorously calling it a small agricultural exhibition. "Laba has to soak Laba garlic on this day. Put the garlic cloves in high vinegar on this day, seal them, and use them for eating dumplings for the New Year. By the end of the year, the garlic is soaked like jade, and the vinegar has a spicy taste, which makes people want to eat more dumplings. In Beijing, during the Chinese New Year, every family eats dumplings. ”
The philosopher said that in the sea of books, there are far more vivid scenery than in the eyes. The Spring Festival written by literati is both distant and close. It wanders in the historical memory of the nation, emerges in the spiritual world of the Chinese people, and its richness together constitutes a colorful Spring Festival culture, nourishing our spiritual and cultural life.
The Spring Festival written by the literati is in the majestic Lang Temple, and it is also in the ordinary alleys; In the philosophical thinking of heaven and man, it is also in the branches among the flowers. These words, whether they are praises, praises, blessings, or observations, understandings, and reflections, are the plump grains of sand that will not be exhausted in the hourglass of history, the undefeated flowers blooming in the oasis of time, and the impulse to always look for a home everywhere with the impulse of nostalgia.
During the Spring Festival, these words that can evoke the nostalgia of Chinese children and daughters, read the scrolls, cover the scrolls and think, and let the fragrance of the heart and the fragrance of books linger together, which is not only a review of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, but also can experience a different New Year's flavor in the Spring Festival in the "words".