How to deal with rural domestic sewage?
With the development of rural economy and population growth, the discharge of rural domestic sewage continues to increase, which has a serious impact on the rural ecological environment. How to effectively deal with rural domestic sewage has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper will introduce the characteristics, treatment methods, treatment processes and case studies of rural domestic sewage, so as to provide reference for the treatment of rural domestic sewage.
1. Characteristics of rural domestic sewage.
Rural domestic sewage mainly includes kitchen washing water, toilet sewage, household sanitation water and livestock breeding wastewater, etc., which has the following characteristics:
1.The amount of water is small, the discharge is scattered, and the collection is difficult;
2.The concentration of pollutants is low, but it contains a large amount of nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus;
3.The construction of treatment facilities and pipe networks is lagging behind, and there is a lack of professional maintenance and management.
2. Treatment methods of rural domestic sewage.
According to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the following treatment methods can be adopted:
1.Natural treatment: The ecological balance of soil, plants, microorganisms and other natural worlds is used to purify sewage. Common natural treatment techniques include land treatment, wetland treatment, etc.
2.Biological treatment: The metabolic action of microorganisms is used to decompose the organic matter in the sewage into inorganic matter to achieve the purpose of purification. Common biological treatment technologies include activated sludge method, biofilm method, etc.
3.Constructed wetland: A constructed wetland is an ecosystem that mimics a natural wetland, and purifies sewage through the combined action of plants, soil, and microorganisms. Constructed wetland has the advantages of low investment, simple operation and maintenance, and environmental beautification.
4.Centralized treatment: Centralized collection and unified treatment of sewage from multiple villages. It is suitable for areas with more concentrated villages and larger scales. Centralized treatment can reduce investment costs and improve treatment efficiency, but it requires complete pipe network and facility maintenance.
3. Treatment process of rural domestic sewage.
According to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the following treatment processes can be adopted:
1.Anaerobic biological treatment: The metabolic action of anaerobic microorganisms is used to convert organic matter in sewage into biogas. Anaerobic biological treatment has the advantages of low energy consumption and sludge production, but the treatment efficiency is low, and it is suitable for sewage with high organic matter concentration.
2.Aerobic biological treatment: uses the metabolism of aerobic microorganisms to convert organic matter in sewage into carbon dioxide and water. Aerobic biological treatment has the advantages of high treatment efficiency and wide range of applications, but it has high energy consumption and requires sufficient oxygen**.
3.Biofilm method: By cultivating biofilm on the filler, the biofilm is used to adsorb and degrade the organic matter in the sewage. The biofilm method has the advantages of strong resistance to shock load and high treatment efficiency, but it needs to be updated and maintained regularly.
4.Ecological engineering treatment: using the principle of ecological engineering, through the natural purification of plants, microorganisms and soil, the sewage is purified. Ecological engineering treatment has the advantages of low investment and simple operation and maintenance, but it requires suitable natural conditions and good design.
Fourth, case analysis.
In a rural area, for example, there are 300 households and about 150 tonnes of domestic sewage are generated every day. After field investigation and technical and economic comparison, the domestic sewage in the area was finally treated by centralized treatment. The treatment process adopted is "anaerobic biological treatment + aerobic biological treatment", that is, the macromolecular organic matter in the sewage is converted into small molecule organic matter in the anaerobic reactor, and then the organic matter is converted into carbon dioxide and water through the action of aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reactor. At the same time, in order to reduce energy consumption and increase oxygen**, aeration and agitation devices are also used. After treatment, the effluent quality of the area meets the national discharge standard, contributing to the local environmental protection and sustainable development.
In short, the treatment of rural domestic sewage is one of the important tasks of rural environmental protection. According to the characteristics and treatment requirements of different regions, appropriate treatment methods and processes should be selected to achieve economical, efficient and sustainable purposes. At the same time, all sectors of society should also increase investment and support for the construction and operation of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improve the treatment rate and treatment level of rural domestic sewage, and contribute to the construction of beautiful villages and the realization of rural revitalization strategies.
Rural domestic sewage treatment