In the last century, there was a famous architect in France - Le Corbusier. He once put forward the idea of urban centralism, advocating the construction of a large number of high-rise residential buildings in urban centers to solve the problem of overcrowding in urban centers.
In his 1922 book, Cities of Tomorrow, Le Corbusier imagined a plan for a city of 3 million people. ** Commercial area with 400,000 residents living in 24 60-storey skyscrapers. There is a large green space around the high-rise building. The surrounding ring of residential belts is home to 600,000 inhabitants living in multi-storey continuous slab dwellings. The outermost part is a garden house that houses 2 million inhabitants.
Le Corbusier's model of tomorrow's city has guided the construction of urban centers in China to a certain extent. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's rural population has begun to move to the cities one after another. As urban population density increases, the low-rise residential buildings are unable to accommodate the growing urban population. In order to increase the demand for urban housing, major cities in China have begun to build a large number of high-rise residential buildings.
In the past few decades, high-rise housing has been built all over the country, which has met the housing needs of the urban population, but also brought many urban problems. Especially for some counties where the demand for housing is not so strong, it is not necessary to build a large number of high-rise residences.
So,What are the disadvantages of a large number of high-rise housing in cities?
First, the quality of living has declined. High-density high-rise housing affects the city's daylighting, ventilation, and uncontrolled overdevelopment, squeezing the city's green spaces and public spaces. In addition, high-rise residential buildings gather a large number of people, and the crowded community environment also directly reduces people's living quality.
Second, the potential safety hazards are high. Compared with low-rise and medium-rise residences, when natural disasters such as fires and typhoons occur, the rescue difficulty of high-rise residences will be much higher. In addition, there are not a few phenomena that cause problems in high-rise residential elevators to lead to personnel.
Third, the maintenance cost is high. The maintenance cost of high-rise underground parking lots, elevators, facades, etc. is very high, especially the elevator, which is related to daily life and safety, and the replacement cost is very high, and an elevator may be as high as hundreds of thousands.
Fourth, the cost of demolition is relatively large. The demolition of high-rise buildings is difficult and requires blasting technology. In addition, the population density of high-rise residential buildings is large, and the number of households involved in demolition and relocation is large, so it is very difficult to unify ideas and opinions, and the requirements for funds are also very high.
In 2021, 15 departments, including the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, jointly issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Green and Low-Carbon Construction of County Seats" (Jiancun 2021 No. 45). The document presents:
The new residential buildings in the county are mainly 6 floors, and the proportion of residential construction area of 6 floors and below should not be less than 70%.
The maximum number of new residential buildings in the county is 18 floors. If it is really necessary to build a residential building with more than 18 floors, it should be strictly and fully demonstrated.
In February 2024, the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Basic Requirements for the Construction Conditions of Land Transfer in Chengdu (2024 First Edition) (draft for comments).(See the end of the article for the full PDF version)., proposedEncourage Jianyang City, Dujiangyan City, Pengzhou City, Qionglai City, Chongzhou City, Jintang County, Dayi County, Pujiang County and other counties to implement the document requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and strictly control the construction of high-rise residential buildings.
The picture shows a screenshot of the official website of Chengdu Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau.
Although the regulations issued by Chengdu are only a draft for comments, the changes should not be too big, after all, there are already documents officially issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development as a basis.
If the Opinion is formally implemented,There will be fewer and fewer high-rise residential buildings in the suburbs of Chengdu. In fact, in terms of living quality, in counties with fewer people and more land, the quality of multi-storey housing is much higher than that of high-rise. In addition, as the age of the building increases, the problems of high-rise housing become more numerous, and the advantages of multi-storey will gradually become apparent.
There are certain reasons for the promulgation of the "height restriction order".
First, it is the embodiment of people's pursuit of higher quality of living. Compared with high-rise residences, multi-storey residences have the advantages of good ventilation, good lighting, high housing efficiency, and good community environment. The 33-storey building, which was previously built in large numbers, becomes more and more difficult to maintain as the building ages, and may eventually become a high-rise "refugee slum".
In fact, as early as 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued itThe "Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards" has strictly restricted the height of residential buildings in China to no more than 80 meters, that is, 26 floorsThis is also to improve the quality of people's living.
The picture shows a screenshot of the "Planning and Design Standards for Urban Residential Areas".
Second, the slowdown in urbanization has led to a decrease in housing demandRapid urbanization over the past few decades has given rise to a large number of high-rise residential buildings. However, as the pace of urbanization slows down, the housing needs of the urban population are gradually decreasing. Especially in county seats, not only is the number of births declining, but the existing population is gradually flowing to provincial capitals and first-tier cities. The county no longer has enough population to support the construction of a large number of high-rise residential buildings.
High-rise housing in the county is gradually becoming a thing of the past, and will be replaced by multi-storey communities with better environmental quality.
Direct message and reply to the number".Obtain the full version of the "Basic Requirements for the Construction Conditions of Land Transfer in Chengdu (2024 First Edition)" (draft for comments).