The Korean War broke out, the United States suddenly intervened, and the North Korean leaderKim Il SungIn the event that the Soviet Union was unsuccessfully pleased to send troops, China became the last straw.
At that time, New China had just been founded, and the smoke of internal and external wars, which had lasted for more than 100 years and had made the people unbearable, had not yet dissipated, and the national economy urgently needed to be restored and built, especially the dispatch of troops to Korea, which directly meant that the plan to liberate Taiwan would be shelved.
But China** resolutely accepted North Korea's request to send troops.
Overnight, a shocking slogan spread across thousands of mountains and rivers at a speed similar to that of light: "Resist US aggression and aid Korea, protect the homeland and defend the country." ”
Now it seems that the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is undoubtedly the most correct decision made by ***, but at that time some people raised objections, some of which included **, and he put forward 5 reasons at that time:
The trauma of a long-term war in the country has not yet been struck.
Land reform has not yet begun in the newly liberated areas, which account for 2 3 percent of the country's population and land area.
The bandits and spies in the country have not been completely eliminated.
The People's Liberation Army's equipment is backward and its training is inadequate.
Some soldiers and civilians are war-weary.
In short, all preparations are insufficient, therefore, it is advocated that no troops be sent for the time being.
This proposal was approved by many people at the time.
Another opinion is to actively advocate the sending of troops.
At the same time as the US military invaded Korea, it also sailed its fleet to the waters of Taiwan, which was a naked aggression.
What's more, at that time, the Soviet Union also occupied China's Lushun, Dalian and other ports, saying that it was borrowed, but in fact it did not want to be returned.
We went to fight the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea out of consideration of many factors; first, to play out the ambition of the Chinese, and second, to safeguard the country's sovereignty and integrity, first clear out the Soviets, and then resolve the Taiwan issue; and the Korean War was the starting point of everything.
* After full discussion, the Politburo resolutely made the decision to form the Chinese People's Volunteers to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
After the decision was made, on October 6, ** presided over a meeting of senior cadres of the party, government and military to discuss the specific issues of the volunteer army's march.
Because the opponent is the invincible US military in the European theater of operations.
**The first thing that comes to mind is the one who is known as the victorious generalSu Yu, but General Su Yu wanted to go, but his body was no longer good and he couldn't stand the toss.
The next candidate was ** who showed great courage in the Liberation War, but ** was very happy and refused at that time.
In addition to obeying orders, the duty of a soldier is to fight bravely to kill the enemy.
How important the matter of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea was to China at that time, the words of senior commanders and generals should be the first, but when *** proposed to let ** command the battle, he put forward the above 5 points, and also said that he had a nervous breakdown, so that he later went to the Soviet Union to negotiate with *** on the grounds of recuperation, and then stayed in the Soviet Union for a while.
The next person is:To *** surprise, ** did not shirk it, and happily followed this difficult task.
On October 19, 1950, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, with *** as its commander and political commissar, under the jurisdiction of the army under the 13th Corps and the artillery division under the border artillery command, crossed the Yalu River and secretly headed for the Korean front.
The Volunteer Army fought side by side with the Korean People's Army, launched five large-scale battles in succession, and won all five battles, and by June 1951, it had recovered all the territory of northern Korea.
On June 25, 1950, the Korean Civil War broke out.
The United States falsely accused the civil war as North Korea's aggression against South Korea, and manipulated the United Nations Security Council to pass a resolution on armed intervention in the Korean War in the absence of the Soviet Union on the 27th.
On the same day, Truman of the United States ordered the Navy and Air Force to directly intervene in the Korean War, and on the other hand, ordered the Seventh Fleet to enter the Taiwan Strait of China, turning the Korean Civil War into a world war.
At the beginning of the war, the military forces of the DPRK and the ROK were one-sided, and the Korean People's Army had 10 divisions and 137,000 people, including famous generals such as Fang Hushan, the commander of the 6th Division, and Choi Hyun, the commander of the 2nd Division, who had been trained in the Chinese battlefield. South Korea has only 9 divisions and 98,000 people.
In such a situation, many people at the time thought that North Korea's victory seemed to be just around the corner.
However, on September 15, all this took a major turn.
On this day, the sun was dazzling, and the American troops landed at Incheon.
At that time, the U.S. military had more than 260 **, more than 500 fighters, and more than 70,000 coordinated infantry, and landed at Inchon at once.
This landing was a bit like the Normandy landings, a surprise soldier that exceeded everyone's expectations.
Once the US military landed here, it could be said that it would be a good move to directly "kill" the Korean People's Army, so that the KPA would be cut in half in an instant, and the hands and tails could not be taken care of.
What's more, the main force of the Korean People's Army is fighting against the ROK army, which is already at the end of its strength, and the US army is well-equipped and relies on its strong air combat capability as a cover, so the Korean People's Army is no opponent.
Just two weeks later, the Korean People's Army (KPA) was being flanked and retreating, and Seoul had fallen to the American army.
Then, on October 2, the U.S. military crossed the 38th parallel, and the capital of North Korea, Pyongyang, was also captured, and the flames of war had reached the Yalu River on the Chinese border.
On September 30, 1950, the situation in Korea was critical, and the North Korean Party and ** requested the Soviet Union to send troops for assistance.
The Soviet side did not agree, but on October 1, it called *** and suggested that China "as volunteers" "should quickly advance at least five or six divisions to the 38th parallel".
On October, after difficult discussions and choices, the leaders of the Communist Party of China made the decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country. On October 10, the Soviet Union sent a proposal to the Soviet leadership, asking the Soviet Union to send an air force to provide air cover for the Volunteer Army's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and to provide equipment.
The Soviet side agreed to provide ** equipment, but gave cover to the previously promised air force dispatch, and said that it was not ready and could not dispatch the air force for two to two and a half months.
On October 13, after repeated research and discussion, the Politburo of the Communist Party of China decided that even if the Soviet Union did not use the air force to cover it, we would go up and fight, and even if we suffered losses, we would still send volunteers to fight in Korea.
The Soviet side also replied that it would send troops to China in the form of loans to provide military equipment, and that the Soviet Air Force would help China's air defense, and that it would not consider entering the territory of the DPRK after two to two and a half months.
As a matter of fact, the Soviet Union originally said that China would provide support for the DPRK and the Soviet Union would provide money and equipment, but later it became a half-price or full-price loan.
The Soviet Union said that "all the surplus that China no longer uses", but in fact the annual supply volume it demanded was much greater than the average annual output of China's history, and it was a task that China could not accomplish with all its resources at that time.
The Soviet Union also stipulated that China should use rubber to repay economic loans, but China was able to produce so much at that time that it could only import from other countries and then transfer it to the Soviet Union.
But once the war starts, just like today's Russia-Ukraine conflict, it is certain that the whole world will impose sanctions on Russia, and China will also be sanctioned by other countries, so how easy is it to sign a re-export agreement.
However, the Soviet Union directly said that if we could not supply rubber on time and in quantity, then we would have to reduce the number of truck orders in China.
Isn't that pressing?
From these things, it can be seen that the Soviet state is a refined egoist.
These inequalities and irrationalities, coupled with various historical factors, as well as their domineering forced debts, have also created a strong reaction from us Chinese to him.
As *** in May 1989 and the Soviet leadershipGorbachevDuring the talks, it was recalled: "During the Korean War, China sent out a volunteer army to directly compete with the United States, and China had to pay half the price for the arms supplied by the Soviet Union. Later, relations between China and the Soviet Union were not good, and China was facing economic difficulties, but no matter how difficult it was, we had to repay this arms debt, which we paid off two years ahead of schedule. ”
After the CCP made the decision to send troops to aid North Korea, that is, after receiving Stalin's telegram, on October 8, **sent *** and ** secretly visited the Soviet Union.
According to some reminiscences, ** met with Stalin with two opinions: sending troops and not sending troops.
The difficulty of sending troops from China was emphasized, with the intention of obtaining the Soviet Union's air force to support the Volunteers in the operation and to provide equipment assistance.
The impression was given to Stalin that China was not ready to send troops.
Stalin had promised that the Soviet Union would do its best to provide air cover for the volunteers.
However, during the talks with ***, Stalin said that their air force was not ready and could not be dispatched for two to two and a half months.
Later, when talking about this meeting, he said: The US team "approached the Yalu River, and we made up our minds to discuss it with Si (Dalin)."
There are two opinions: either send troops or not send troops, this is what Si (Dalin) said.
We asked: Can you help the Air Force?
He wavered, saying that since China was in difficulty, it was okay not to send troops, and that if North Korea was lost, we would still be socialist and China would still be there.
After the talks, on the 11th, Stalin and *** made a joint phone call to *** explaining the situation of the talks.
What the CCP did not expect was that the Soviet Union refused to fulfill its promise, and could not dispatch its air force to provide air cover for the Chinese People's Volunteers for two to two and a half months.
This means that after the Chinese People's Volunteers enter the Korean battlefield, they will fight without air cover and support.
On October 8, 1950, ** issued an order to change the Northeast Frontier Army into the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, and immediately dispatched to North Korea, and the Volunteer Army took charge of the 13th Corps and its subordinate 38th Army, 39th Army, 40th Army, 42nd Army and 1st, 2nd and 8th Artillery Divisions, and appointed *** as the commander and political commissar of the Volunteers.
Deng Hua, commander of the 13th Corps, and Hong Xuezhi, deputy commander of the 13th Corps, were appointed deputy commanders of the Volunteer Army.
Eleven days after the order was issued, the volunteers secretly entered the DPRK on a stormy night and began the great War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Looking back on the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea today, we might as well start from this moment - on the evening of October 19, 1950, the cold wind mixed with drizzle in the Andong (now Dandong, Liaoning) area.
**On the banks of the Yalu River, I hurriedly shook hands with the people who came to see him off.
said that it was too late, the driver stepped on the accelerator, and *** also jumped into the car, shouting a sentence of "drive" like a general who was charging into battle!
The car instantly rushed onto the Yalu River Bridge.
Accompanied by this roar, the Chinese People's Volunteers secretly entered North Korea that night.
This scene, the roar of ** is mixed with his usual fire, and it also indicates that the newly born People's Republic of China is fearless and bloody to the end against the world's largest power.
The Chinese Volunteers will face the United States, the world's largest power, and the American army has also been tempered by World War II, and all branches of the armed forces tend to be complete, not to mention that they have a navy, air force and strong industrial production capacity, and all the best equipment is quite sophisticated, and the ability to coordinate operations is not at the same level as the Kuomintang army.
On paper, however, there is a big gap between our military and the US military.
It is estimated that it was also because of this that the US military was very arrogant at that time.
Major General Qi Dexue, former deputy director of the Military History Research Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, told the "Global People" reporter: "At that time, after a battalion in the United States arrived at the Yalu River, it not only shot and fired at China, but also urinated in the direction of China. Their military commander flew to congratulate them and take pictures with them, and MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the 'Joint **,' also sent a congratulatory telegram. ”
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea not only aroused the aspirations of the Chinese people, but another reason was that the United States intervened in China's Taiwan issue.
The US fleet has reached the waters of Taiwan, China, which is an act of aggression that flagrantly tramples on the norms of international law.
Nowadays, people carefully study the historical archives and believe that the Korean War should not have been fought (although this was outside China's control), but the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea could not be fought.
The United States has occupied China's Taiwan under the pretext of the Korean Civil War, and on this basis, New China should completely start a war against the United States, but it is unable to fight in the direction of the Taiwan Strait because of its lack of naval and air forces.
At the same time, the United States has burned the flames of war to the door of China's main industrial base, the northeast, which is really too deceitful!
At this time, if China does not respond militarily, how can it show that "the Chinese, who make up a quarter of mankind, have since stood up"?
History is vast, and when we look back on the past today, we naturally have a lot of emotion and admiration.
If it weren't for the revolutionary ancestors who shed their blood, there would be no peaceful and prosperous era today, and there would be no new life that will develop with each passing day.
In the Korean War, China caused serious setbacks to the US and South Korean armies, and also told the world that the dragon of the East rose into the sky and no one can take it lightly.
Zhuangxi, I am Great China! Use your own strength and determination to tell the world that we are the People's Republic of China, not the incompetent and cartilage feudal dynasty of the Qing Dynasty.
During those semi-feudal and semi-colonial years, we will never return to this beautiful continent, and only we, who continue to build socialism, will always defend this land.