There is a saying in the preface: "The barrel of the gun and the bag of money are the twin elements of the revolution." "Only with a strong military and abundant financial support can we survive these turbulent years.
It is well known that the Kuomintang not only obtained financial support from the United States, but also lived by plundering people's property, often leaving a ruin everywhere it went, leaving the people in agony.
The Communist Party, on the other hand, has always adhered to the people-centered principle and has not done anything to harm the people. There is a strict rule within the Communist Party that no matter how far you go, you are not allowed to take a stitch from the masses, and you need to pay for the food and clothing you need to buy from the masses at your own expense.
It is precisely this stipulation that has enabled the Communist Party to win the love and support of the broad masses of the people. So, here comes the problem, there are a large number of soldiers within the Communist Party, who either fight bloody battles on the battlefield every day, or are evading the pursuit of the Kuomintang, and have no time to earn money.
In such an unfavorable situation, how did the Communist Party feed so many soldiers? During the Long March, where did the funding come from?
The Savior of the Red Army: The Origins of the Flat Dan Bank"During the Long March, the secret vaults of the State Bank became an important economic factor for the Red Army. However, when *** led the army to occupy Zhangzhou, they found that there were very few funds in the treasury to support the follow-up operation.
At this time, ** found that there were many bureaucratic capitalists who oppressed the people in the local area, and he decided to confiscate their property as punishment. However, this money is far from enough.
When the people heard about this, they expressed their love for the Red Army and hoped to donate money to help it. With this support, the Red Army raised large quantities of silver dollars, gold and silver, and jewelry, totaling millions of dollars.
In order to ensure the safety of the funds, **handed over the matter to his younger brother Mao** to deal with. Mao ** is a well-known financial expert, who is more professional in managing money.
His participation allowed the Red Army to smoothly raise and manage funds, which led to the successful solution of economic difficulties.
After careful consideration, it was decided to divide the funds into two parts: one part was transported to Ruijin as part of the development of the National Bank; The other part is secretly stored in case of emergency.
These funds will be crucial for the next operation, so what exactly will they be hidden? After many investigations, they found an abandoned house in front of a mountain in Shicheng County, which happened to be located next to the hillside.
It was thought that a cave could be dug here to hide these belongings, and that the house in front of the hill could be used as cover and some warriors could be stationed there. The next night, ** secretly led a group of warriors, wrapped the belongings in linen, put them in bamboo baskets, and then transported them safely down the mountain.
In order to protect the Red Army's funds from being known by the enemy, Mao ** was cautious, he asked the soldiers to put the linen cloth containing the money a kilometer away from the house, and then arranged for another group of soldiers to carry these belongings into the room at night and hide them in a cave in the back mountain, and seal the hole with stones.
There is also a mystery hidden in the statistical information, Mao **will**replace it with rice wine, and replace it with white wine. After completing the task, Mao ** evacuated all the soldiers and replaced them with another group of soldiers to guard the room, which became a secret small vault of the National Bank.
During the whole process, only a few people knew that the funds of the Red Army were hidden in **. In 1934, the Red Army's fifth anti-encirclement campaign failed and needed to be evacuated urgently. In order to prevent the funds from being discovered by the Kuomintang, and also to support the expenses of the army, the higher authorities issued an order: take all the contents of the treasury with them within ten days.
After receiving the instructions, Mao ** felt very difficult, he knew that the road to be taken by the Red Army was very rough, and it could not be loaded with board trucks, how could so much money be transported?
Even if it is transported, how can you ensure that the money is not lost on the way? The rewritten copy is consistent with the core idea of the original copy, emphasizing the prudent measures taken by Mao to protect the Red Army's funds, and describing the difficulties of transporting large amounts of money in a war environment.
After discussion, the colleagues decided to take the traditional method of carrying the belongings with a flat pole. Although this is the most primitive way, it is also the safest. After sorting, they packed more than 160 pairs of burdens.
To ensure the safety of funds, the state sent more than 200 carriers and more than 100 soldiers. On the way forward, many fighters were weakened by food shortages, not to mention carrying heavy burdens.
However, they understand the value of gold and silver treasures, and they are unwilling to let go of the burden on their shoulders, no matter how tired they are. When the Red Army crossed the Xiang River, due to heavy casualties, it was recommended that all the mints, money printers, paper and ink in the burden be discarded in order to reduce the burden.
However, the fighters resolutely did not agree, and they vowed to protect these hard-won machines with their lives. Eventually, after much persuasion, they reluctantly threw the machines into the water.
The Red Army crossed the treacherous obstacles to reach the Yuecheng Ridge, where the mountain roads were rugged, the environment was harsh, there was no food or shelter, and the soldiers were hungry and cold. At night, I can only sleep in the open air, and the cold wind is biting, so I can only huddle up tightly to keep warm.
After three months of arduous trekking, they finally arrived in Zunyi, and the surviving warriors were skinny and exhausted.
During his stay in Zunyi, Mao ** began to investigate the status of the soldiers' allowances when the troops were on recuperation. The results of the investigation showed that after many battles, the allowances on the soldiers were almost exhausted, and each person was left with only a dime and a cent for food, and the money brought in was very limited.
The most urgent task at the moment is to replenish the soldiers with supplies and the ability to buy the necessities of life, but how to raise the funds for the purchases? After much thought, he thought of the Red Army's recent confiscation of Wang Jialie's salt store.
Salt is a necessity for people's lives, but due to the local traffic blockage, most of the salt is transported from other places, and the ** is higher, so the local people are relatively poor and difficult to afford.
However, the Reds now have a salt shop in their hands, which he can sell at a low price. As a result, Mao ** decided to use salt as an entry point and issue "Red Army Coins". His plan was this: first, to develop a rule for the purchase of salt with banknotes issued by the National Bank "Red Army Coins".
Then, the Red Army printed a large amount of paper money, and then the soldiers used the paper money to buy supplies from the local people, who in turn used the "Red Army coins" to buy food. In this way, the money begins to circulate.
The soldiers used the Red Army coins in their hands to buy many daily necessities and food, such as toothbrushes, rain gear, straw sandals, rubber shoes, etc. The issuance of the Red Army coin not only solved the living needs of the soldiers on the Long March, but also played a positive role in their rest.
However, after the popularity of the Red Army coin, Mao ** found a problem: because the country has not yet been reunified, the economic market is chaotic, and there are many types of paper money in circulation. If the Red Army withdraws, then the Red Army coins in the hands of ordinary people will lose their value and seriously damage their interests.
So, Mao ** began to solve this problem. Before the end of the Long March, he set up exchange points under the Lion Bridge and on the road in Zunyi, and provided silver dollars, copper dollars and other items for exchange.
This measure not only solves the problem of the exchange of Red Army currency, but also provides a convenient currency choice for the common people.
Food and salt, you can use the revolutionary team coin to exchange, one yuan of revolutionary team coin is equivalent to a piece of two cents, goods can be exchanged at will. At that time, some ordinary people knew that the revolutionary team was leaving, and they were very uncomfortable when they saw that the revolutionary team was doing the work of returning the banknotes, and they were reluctant to take out the paper money and replace it, so they hid it at home and kept it secretly.
After the return work, the revolutionary team crossed the Yangtze River north to Sichuan according to the original plan, but Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to let the revolutionary team cross the river, so he sent a large number of troops to defend.
The disparity between the two sides and the number of people was huge, and after consideration, ** ordered to abandon the plan to cross the river and return to Zunyi. On the way back, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Kuomintang, the troops were reduced, and once again ordered to burn the paper money, bury the copper coins, and go into battle lightly, and finally only two loads of ** remained.
Cao Juru took over the heavy responsibility of *** and cared about safety. He carried a hundred gold on his shoulders every day, traveled a hundred miles with the team, and was physically exhausted. However, in order to ensure the safety of **, he continued to move forward despite the hardships.
Although physically exhausted, for the sake of the team, he decided to march with the wounded. But as soon as he recovered, he couldn't wait to return to the commando team and continue to carry the ** forward.
He climbed over snowy mountains and crossed meadows, and finally lived up to expectations and successfully reached the finish line.
The victory of the Long March is inseparable from the efforts of every soldier, and Mao, as a financial expert, his contribution is even more important. He helped the Red Army to establish its own national bank, solved the problem of funding, and ensured the survival needs of the soldiers.
He is the younger brother of ***, and he was influenced by his elder brother to join the revolution and dedicate his strength to the motherland. Under the teaching of his father, Mao ** learned the methods of doing business, was proficient in economics and achieved good results.
The Communist Party had just been established and was in urgent need of talents, and Mao ** was arranged to Anyuan Road Mine to be responsible for the creation of a workers' consumer cooperative because of his talent and experience.
When Mao first joined the cooperative, he faced a major challenge: he had no start-up capital. The lack of start-up capital meant that no plan could be realized. At this time, Mao ** suddenly remembered his father's experience of founding "Yishuntang".
At that time, his father also did not have start-up capital, but he did not give up, but thought of a way to raise funds by issuing **. Specifically, he is issuing ** to employees, and after employees buy**, they can share the profits in the future.
Mao decided to follow this approach. He set the par value of each share at five dimes and called on workers to actively participate in the purchase. When the workers heard that they could pay dividends in the future, they responded, and the co-op quickly raised its first start-up capital.
In order to better serve the workers, Mao often talks to them and their families. Through the conversation, he realized that the workers were in great demand, including daily necessities such as tea, rice, oil, salt, and various books and other goods.
Mao ** found that the wages of workers were low and they could not buy daily necessities, so he began to think about how to let workers buy the items they needed at a lower **. After investigation, he found that the reason for the high quality of the item was not the production cost, but the transportation cost.
Therefore, Mao ** suggested that the members of the cooperative use the status of railway workers to transport back goods through the subway, avoiding freight costs, so as to reduce the goods. This innovative strategy has been praised and recognized by superiors.
In 1931, the state needed to establish a national bank, and after discussion, Mao ** was elected president of the national bank because of his outstanding performance.
After hearing this, he smiled and said to his younger brother Mao**: "The position of bank president seems to be prestigious, but in fact, it has a lot of responsibilities and many things to deal with.
You have to be prepared to endure hardship. "At that time, the market order was disordered in the initial stage of the bank, and there were many types of currency in circulation, including paper money issued by the people, copper coins during the Qing Dynasty, and currency issued by the Soviets.
In order to ensure the proper functioning of the market, it is necessary to unify the currency. However, at that time, there were only five bank staff members, and the education level was generally not high, and there was no banking work experience.
In the absence of experience and guidance, Mao ** chose to overcome difficulties with diligence and perseverance. He ordered all the information on finance and finance to be searched, and to deal with business during the day and read by night by night.
After countless nights of unremitting efforts, he finally mastered the rules and formulated a series of important regulations, which had a profound impact on the future development of the State Bank and laid the foundation of the People's Bank of China.
However, this brilliant talent, who was of good character and loyal to the party and the state, was secretly killed by the enemy on September 27, 1943, along with Chen Tanqiu and other Communist Party members, at the age of 47.
** During his lifetime, he made numerous contributions to the Communist Party, including the creation of the National Bank and the resolution of the funding problem of the Red Army during the Long March. Although the news of the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945 was boiling across the country, there were still many people who failed to experience this historic moment in person.
Whenever *** thinks of his younger brother, he feels sad because he misses the abacus that his brother used to use during his lifetime. However, the dead are gone, and the living need to be strong.
Many documents mention Mao's role in the Long March and his contribution to the CCP's financial cause. For example, Huang Dequan's article "Following Mao's Long March" published in the magazine "North and South of the River" described Mao's experience in detail during the Long March.
At the same time, Sha Wei's "Banknotes Issued by the Red Army during the Long March" published in "Archives Time and Space" also mentioned Mao's contribution to the issuance of banknotes during the Long March.
Wei Xiewu's "The State Bank on the Long March" published in Yan'an Literature also described Mao's financial activities during the Long March. Finally, Niu Ben's "Mao**: Outstanding Red Financiers in the Early Years of the Communist Party of China" published in the "Party History Wenyuan" also emphasized the importance of Mao ** to the early financial career of the Communist Party of China.