On the morning of March 5, Premier Li Qiang made a work report to the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress on behalf of Premier Li Qiang. The Information Office held a briefing, and Huang Shouhong, head of the drafting group of the "Work Report" and director of the Research Office, interpreted the "Work Report" and answered questions from reporters. Let's take a look
This year's "** Work Report" has three characteristics.
First, the "Report" is connected to the antenna at the top and the ground at the bottom. The so-called upper antenna is the quasi-political positioning of the "Report" and the full implementation of the decision-making and deployment with the best comrades as the core. The so-called "down-to-earth" means that the "Report" takes the pulse of the society, fully reflects the will of the people, responds to the concerns of all parties, especially the grassroots, the masses and enterprises, and the policies and measures are in line with reality, close to the masses and close to enterprises.
All sectors of society have paid great attention to the drafting of the "** Work Report" and put forward a large number of suggestions through various means. Among them, many news**, online platforms, microblogs, forums, etc. have also sorted out the opinions of netizens. For example, this year, China's ** network has joined forces with 29 network ** platforms to carry out the "@*I make suggestions for the ** work report" Suggestions and suggestions activities. As of yesterday, more than 1.6 million suggestions have been received from China's top netizens, an increase of 82% over last year. China**.com selected 1150 representative suggestions and forwarded them to the drafting team, they did a preliminary combing, and these opinions and suggestions transferred to us are a thick book every time, the content of which is very detailed, there are reasons, there are suggestions, and even some netizens also put forward the feasibility analysis of policy recommendations, the timing of the introduction, etc., very thoughtful. Among the netizens who left messages, there were old and young, men and women, the oldest was 82 years old, and the youngest netizen was 12 years old. Some netizens affirmed the extensive listening to opinions on the work report, and some netizens said, "Asking the people and asking the people makes the work report more down-to-earth, more confident, and more interesting."
Second, the report is integrated from top to bottom. The report combines and unifies the decision-making and deployment of the first and the demands, opinions and suggestions of all parties in the society, and transforms them into specific task books, construction drawings and policy lists of the first and its relevant departments. As you know, the first economic work conference sets the general tone, the first sub-policy, and the big policy, and the enterprises and the masses put forward specific wishes and demands, which need to be refined and implemented into specific policies and work measures that can be operated and implemented. After several repeated research and demonstration, the report has formed a specific work task and a specific policy initiative, so as to organically unify the decision-making and deployment of the first class and the wishes and demands of enterprises and the masses.
Third, the Report seeks truth from facts, is pragmatic and plain. This year's "Report" follows the stylistic norms of the report, strives to be plain and simple, and tries to have something to say as much as possible. Talking about last year's achievements, focusing on using facts and data to speak, not exaggerating; Talking about last year's work highlighting the characteristics of the year is not exhaustive. The deployment of this year's work focuses on new arrangements and new measures, and refines and summarizes the important work that needs to be continuously promoted and the major strategies that need to be continuously implemented as much as possible; When arranging various policies and work initiatives, we should pay attention to dry goods, and what everyone is most interested in and most concerned about is whether there are dry goods in the report. The report strives to be highly targeted, and the policy measures put forward are useful and effective, and truly respond to the concerns of all sectors of society with practical, hard, and warm measures. The language is as simple and concise as possible, so that the people can understand and understand.
Last year's achievements were remarkable.
From the perspective of macroeconomic policy and practical work, there are three characteristics of last year that are worth summing up.
The first is to highlight the consolidation of the foundation. After three years of the epidemic, China's economy is generally in the recovery stage of "recovering from a serious illness", and at the same time facing multiple difficulties and challenges, so the pressure on economic operation has increased. After weighing and comparing, we have adopted the method of consolidating the foundation and cultivating the yuan, making overall plans to stabilize growth and increase stamina, and have adopted a number of measures, which are conducive to both the present and future development.
The second is to give full play to the combination effect. Because of the multiple challenges faced last year, each of which is different in nature and characteristics, it is difficult for a single policy to "seal the throat with a single sword". Therefore, last year, we paid more attention to the combination and coordination of policies, focusing on the tasks of expanding domestic demand, optimizing the structure, boosting confidence, preventing and defusing risks, and making overall plans to make good use of fiscal, monetary, employment and other policies, and played a set of powerful and effective policy combinations, forming a joint force.
The third is to pay attention to precise policies. In view of different contradictions and problems, different measures should be taken to achieve a targeted and appropriate medicine. For example, last year, in response to the situation and demands of different business entities, we launched policies to support the development of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign investment.
Generally speaking, last year's achievements are remarkable, and the accumulated experience is also very valuable, and if we read the report card of the past year thoroughly, we will have a deeper understanding of why China's economy has "worked", why it "can", and why it has been "good" in the past few years, and we will also have more confidence and confidence in accomplishing this year's development goals, because the logic behind this and the fundamental motivation are the same.
Overall, the opportunities outweigh the challenges, and it is entirely possible to achieve a growth rate of about 5% this year.
According to the report, on the whole, the opportunities outweigh the challenges, and the favorable conditions are stronger than the unfavorable factors. Last year, the economic growth rate could reach 52%, it is entirely possible to achieve a growth rate of about 5% this year. Of course, many things have to be achieved through hard work, and achieving a growth rate of 5% this year needs to overcome difficulties and continue to work hard in all aspects.
The report focuses on issues of concern to the masses and proposes a number of policy measures in terms of people's livelihood.
Improving people's livelihood and well-being is the fundamental purpose of development. This year's report focuses on issues of concern to the masses and puts forward a number of policy measures in terms of people's livelihood.
In the area of education, the report proposes to improve the conditions for running boarding schools in rural areas. There are more than 30 million boarding students in the compulsory education stage in the country, many of whom are left-behind children. Although the conditions of rural boarding schools have improved greatly in recent years, there are still many weak links. In order to let these children read good books and go to good school, this year, the "Report" put forward requirements for this weak link.
In terms of medical and health care, the report proposes to continue to increase the financial subsidy for basic medical care this year, and raise the financial subsidy standard for medical insurance for urban and rural residents by 30 yuan to 670 yuan per person per year. In view of the outstanding problems reported by the masses, such as difficulty in seeing a doctor and difficulty in reimbursement, it is emphasized to implement and improve the settlement of medical treatment in other places, emphasize the patient-centered improvement of medical services, and promote mutual recognition of inspection and test results.
In terms of social security, the "Report" proposes to raise the minimum monthly standard of basic pension for urban and rural residents by 20 yuan this year while continuing to raise the basic pension for retirees. Now there are 1700 million elderly people receive pension insurance benefits for urban and rural residents, and the minimum standard will be raised by 20 yuan this year, an increase of 194%, which is a large increase in recent years.
Three aspects to ensure the employment of young people and college graduates.
This year's "** Work Report" has given more prominence to the priority orientation of employment and formulated a series of measures.
First of all, in terms of orientation, this year's "** work report" set the expected target of urban employment at more than 12 million people, last year was "about 12 million people", this year is "above", which reflects the party's efforts to do a good job in employment, determination and clear policy orientation.
In order to achieve the employment goals, especially to ensure the employment of young people and college graduates, the report proposes a series of policy measures, which can be summarized in three aspects:
First, increase policy support. In addition to macroeconomic policies, the "Report" requires that fiscal and monetary policies should be strengthened this year to support employment, and more policies should be introduced that are conducive to stabilizing expectations, growth, and employment. At the same time, special employment promotion policies have also been strengthened, such as the return of unemployment insurance to stabilize jobs, special loans for job stabilization and expansion, and employment and social security subsidies.
The second is to increase support for enterprises in key industries and key groups. The report calls for strengthening support for enterprises in industries with large employment capacity, and increasing assistance for key groups such as college graduates.
At the same time, the "Report" also makes arrangements for fair employment and the protection of rights and interests that are of concern to the society.
The third is to strengthen vocational skills training. The report proposes to adapt to the talent needs of advanced manufacturing, modern services, elderly care and other fields, and strengthen vocational skills training.
On the whole, there is indeed a lot of pressure to stabilize employment this year, and at the same time, there is also great potential, and we must fully release these potentials.
This year's deficit rate of 3 percent is in line with the objective reality that China's economic operation is improving as a whole.
This year's deficit rate is set at 3 per cent, which is actually the same as the budget level at the beginning of last year. Although it is a bit lower than last year's additional issuance of 1 trillion yuan of government bonds, on the whole, this level is moderate. This arrangement is in line with the objective reality of China's overall economic operation, releases a positive signal to the outside world, and is also conducive to controlling the debt ratio, enhancing fiscal sustainability, and reserving policy space for coping with possible risks and challenges in the future. Taking these factors into account, we have set a deficit ratio of 3% this year.
Restrictions on foreign investment in the manufacturing sector will be lifted in an all-round way.
With regard to the adoption of policies and measures to attract foreign investment, the "Work Report" put forward several aspects: First, steadily expand institutional opening-up. Second, it is necessary to continue to relax market access for foreign investment. In 2013, the first negative list for foreign investment access had 190 articles, and the current national version has been shortened to 31 articles and the free trade zone version to 27 articles. This year's "** Work Report" proposes to fully cancel the restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, that is, the items in the manufacturing industry should be cleared, and the access to service industries such as telecommunications and medical care should be relaxed. At the same time, policies and measures that violate the fair competition between domestic and foreign capital should be normalized and cleaned up. The third is to improve the level of service guarantee for foreign investment, including building the "Invest in China" brand, making it more convenient for foreign personnel to work, study and travel in China.
Three measures to promote the development and growth of private enterprises.
The first is to implement and improve various support policies. In recent years, we have introduced a lot of support policies around promoting the development of private enterprises, and the overall implementation of these policies is good, but some are not in place, and we must continue to implement these policies in detail. It is also necessary to launch some new measures around the concerns of enterprises, such as the "report" to improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving arrears in response to the more prominent problems of arrears reported by private enterprises. In view of the problem of difficult and expensive financing reflected by private enterprises, the "Report" proposes to increase the proportion of loans to private enterprises and expand the scale of bond financing.
The second is to optimize the business environment around the concerns of enterprises. The report emphasizes the need to focus on solving the outstanding problems of private enterprises in market access, access to factors, fair law enforcement, and protection of rights and interests, which are also reflected by private enterprises. At the same time, measures will also be taken to deepen the construction of a unified national market and so on, and resolutely safeguard the market order of fair competition.
The third is to support the innovative development of the private economy. The report pointed out that it is necessary to carry forward the excellent entrepreneurial spirit, support entrepreneurs to focus on innovation and development, and run enterprises well in a down-to-earth manner. On the one hand, it is necessary to create a good environment and build a stage for private enterprises; On the other hand, private entrepreneurs should actively forge ahead and overcome difficulties and challenges.
This year, it is necessary to give prominence to the promotion of the urbanization of the rural migrant population.
Actively promote a new type of urbanization that is people-oriented. From the perspective of domestic demand, it is a large platform for domestic demand that combines investment and consumption. Last year, the urbanization rate of China's permanent population was 662%, compared with more than 80% in developed countries, there is still a certain gap. The urbanization rate of the registered population is even lower. In this sense, there is still a lot of room for development and improvement in China's new urbanization. The increase in the urbanization rate will bring about a great demand for consumption and investment, and the relevant departments have estimated that the consumption demand brought by a person after entering the city is much higher than that of rural residents. In promoting the new type of urbanization, this year it is necessary to put the promotion of the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population in a prominent position, and the "Work Report" has made arrangements for this.
*: China**Net.