1.At the end of the 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union became one of the major events in the field of global politics and had a profound impact on the global political landscape. Western countries have described it as a "giant falling", but Gorbachev believes that the upheaval was not sudden, but foreshadowed.
2.The collapse of the Soviet Union was one of the most far-reaching events in global politics at the end of the last century, and the West called it "the fall of the giants with feet of clay", but Gorbachev believed that this upheaval did not happen suddenly like a bolt from the blue, but a gradual evolutionary process.
3.The collapse of the Soviet Union was one of the historical events that had a profound impact on the global political landscape at the end of the last century. The West portrayed it as "the fall of the giants with feet of clay", while Gorbachev insisted that the upheaval was not sudden, but foreshadowed.
4.At the end of the 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union became one of the most far-reaching events for global politics. The West portrayed it as "the fall of the giant", but Gorbachev saw this upheaval as not a sudden event, but a process of gradual development and evolution.
5.The collapse of the Soviet Union was one of the historical events that had a profound impact on global politics at the end of the last century. The West described it as "the fall of the clay-footed giants", but Gorbachev saw the upheaval as not a sudden disaster, but a gradual process of evolution and evolution.
Professor Zhou Xiaopei was a diplomat in Russia who documented life in Moscow before the collapse of the Soviet Union. He found that although he saw a lot of state-run shopping malls in the capital, Moscow, the shelves of these malls were always empty.
People often have to wait in long queues to buy necessities and food. This panic buying phenomenon has reached a very intense level. However, Zhou Xiaopei, as the minister, did not explain all this in the way of jokes.
The question in his heart was: "Is this really 'developed socialism'?" ”
1.Why did the life of the Soviets become like this? Researchers generally agree that the Soviet economic system placed too much emphasis on nationalization, violated the laws of the market, and suppressed the enthusiasm of localities, enterprises, and individuals.
2.The Soviet Union's economy was sluggish, the people's living standards were low, but they were helpless, which led to the gradual escalation of popular discontent. By the 70s of the last century, the gap between the economic development of the USSR and the West was getting wider and wider, and military spending was a bottomless pit.
3.After coming to power, Gorbachev tried to carry out economic reforms, but the results were not ideal. At that time, the ruble was constantly depreciating, and there were fewer and fewer things that could be bought with the same money, which made life more and more difficult for the Soviet people.
Zhou Xiaopei noted a major problem, which was political instability, with the CPSU's leadership losing and the opposition taking advantage of the situation. Gorbachev's original plan to start with economic reform failed to achieve the desired results, so he shifted the focus of reform to the political sphere.
He promoted and implemented political "pluralism", which in fact amounted to the voluntary abandonment of the dominant position of the CPSU. There are also some researchers who, from another point of view, believe that the CPSU at that time was chaotic and loose, and had actually lost the ability to control the situation.
This was fully demonstrated in the Russian Federation in 1991, when the candidates launched by the CPSU were unable to win the war of votes.
On the eve of the collapse of the USSR erupted "819 "The incident also quickly failed due to the lack of supporters. Later, Putin once described the collapse of the Soviet Union as "one of the greatest geopolitical catastrophes" of the century, which did more harm than good to the majority of the Russian people, and many lost their faith and pursuit as a result.
Some people likened the Soviet Union on the eve of its collapse to a "ship full of munitions", with a rusty hull and serious problems with its operation and navigation functions, but not knowing where it should go, waiting for it to sink ...... in the vast seaAt this time, Gorbachev, who held the post of "captain", resigned voluntarily, as if a captain had left his ship.
When ordinary people increasingly find that there are more and more people around them, they also begin to realize an increasingly serious social phenomenon - the spread and embezzlement of powerful interest groups.
These groups are interconnected and constantly encroach on the interests of the state and the people, leading to a widening gap between the rich and the poor and an aggravation of social contradictions. Corruption became the norm, and the population was increasingly distrustful of everything "official".
The root cause of all this, according to many researchers, is the long-term totalitarian practice of the CPSU, which was too centralized and seriously deviated from the principles of democracy and republic, which eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
In the relationship between the people and the people, the people's trust in the people gradually dissipated, and the people's hearts were scattered. National, geographically independent voices are emerging, no longer identifying as part of the Union.
During the Gorbachev period, the CPSU adopted a concomitant attitude towards some ** forces, giving them room for development, such as the declaration of sovereignty put forward by the "three Baltic states".
Eventually, the Soviet Union collapsed and the "Commonwealth of Independent States" was formed, a kind of kinship that was closer than after divorce. After about 20 years of struggle between "independence" and "unity", the traces left by the Soviet Union on the earth have almost disappeared.
As one of those who witnessed it, Zhou Xiaopei firmly believes that the collapse of the Soviet Union should not be simply blamed on outsiders or specific individuals. This tragedy should be analyzed in a comprehensive and objective manner so that future generations can learn from and warn against it.
Although external factors such as "new thinking", * historical issues, etc., played a certain role, the problems within the USSR and the CPSU could not be ignored. Even important representatives of the Soviet Union, such as Ligachev, Ryzhkov, Shevardnadze and Zyuganov, had different views on the causes of its disintegration.
Some believe that the "degeneration" of party members and the arms race led to the collapse of the Soviet Union, while others believe that the declaration of sovereignty was the trigger for the collapse of the Soviet Union. Shevardnadze even believed that the USSR was in fact an empire and that the collapse of the empire was inevitable.
Zyuganov, on the other hand, held that the collapse of the Soviet Union was the result of the sabotage activities of various forces at home and abroad. Although some tried to prevent the collapse of the Soviet Union, by that time there was not enough incentive to defend the Soviet regime.
In 2009, Academician Primakov wrote in "The World Without Russia? The reasons for the collapse of the USSR are analyzed. He pointed out that the main reason for the collapse of the Soviet Union was the contradictions within the system and the wrong decisions of the leaders.
In China, the collapse of the Soviet Union is also a topic of great concern. The Global Public Opinion Research Center conducted an extensive survey on the 20th anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the results showed that most Chinese believed that the Soviet Union was defeated by improper policies and rigid systems, and eventually lost popular support due to corruption.
This trend is more obvious in the 15 to 30-year-old age group, with a bachelor's degree or above, accounting for more than 60%. This also proves that with the disclosure of information and the deepening of research, the real main reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union are gradually approaching a close conclusion.
The Mystery of the Collapse of the Soviet Imperial State Building", "A Brief Introduction to the Disintegration of the Soviet Union", and "A Compilation of Several Materials on the Difficulties of the Soviet Repair Economy and the Intensification of Foreign Economic Expansion" have all carried out in-depth research on this.