1997 year, an advertisement appeared on the screens of various Western countries at that time. When people from all over Europe and the United States saw the protagonist of the advertisement, the expression on their faces was more surprised and incredulous, and people wondered: "Isn't this the chairman of the former Soviet Union?" ”
Before everyone could react, the former chairman of the CPSU once again became a hot topic after dinner. It turned out to be inYear 2004, he cooperated with the former ** Clinton in the United States to dub a children's ** drama called "Peter and the Wolf", and this ** drama once won the Grammy Award that year.
Not only that, but the former chairman of the CPSU in "Forced retirementLater, he also had profound attainments in literature and other fields, and his works were equal to his body, and the publication fee alone was a large amount. He also gave speeches everywhere, and the appearance fee was even as high as 100,000 US dollars, and it can be said that after a few years of being forced to "announce his resignation", he gained enough wealth to make him rich, and his achievements even concealed his identity as the former chairman of the CPSU.
Yet than himMore than 20 years earlierAnother former Soviet president, who was also forced to step down because of a peaceful coup, was in the opposite situation. The former chairman of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was forcibly placed under house arrest by the Soviet authorities for 7 years, during which time he did not have any personal or political freedom, and even a simple request to write an autobiography was denied, and finally died ......depressed in poverty
Who are these two former presidents of the CPSU? With the same position and the same forced resignation, why is there such a big gap in their retirement life? What changes have taken place in the Soviet Union during their tenure? Let's step into history and uncover this untold secret!
In 1964, then the leader of the former Soviet UnionKhrushchevWhile on vacation at the Black Sea, he suddenly received an urgent telegram from the Moscow Kremlin, signed by Khrushchev's right-hand man Leonid Brezhnev, which contained a simple content: there was an urgent meeting on agriculture that Khrushchev himself needed to preside over, and he must return to Moscow immediately.
It has always attached importance to agriculture and has "Corn KingKhrushchev, who was known as him, did not hesitate and rushed back with his entourage. As everyone knows, a shocking conspiracy from the capital of the Soviet Union, but enough to affect the rest of his life, is quietly going on according to the plan of some people......
When Khrushchev walked into the chairman's office, what awaited him was not a meeting that was watched by thousands of people, but a few cold words sent to him by Mikoyan and Brezhnev:Must resign**. It turned out that while Khrushchev was on vacation, there was already a peaceful coup d'état in the leadership. The root cause of this coup d'état lies in a series of measures implemented during the Khrushchev administration.
Seeing that his general trend had gone, in desperation, at the subsequent plenary meeting of the ** Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Davarich, who had worked for the Soviet Union for many years, was forced to announce that "because of age and health problems", he would be removed from all posts with immediate effectBrezhnevServe as a leader. Since then, Khrushchev has left the political arena in disgrace.
However, those who are familiar with Khrushchev know that during his 11 years in power, it can be said that after Stalin, the Soviet Union was another peak era, actively improving the people's living standards at home, and the United States for a long time abroad.
An analysis of the series of reforms made by Khrushchev shows that the root cause of his coup d'état was several major mistakes made during his time in power:
First, we have vigorously developed agriculture and industry, but we have lacked a scientific plan for overall control. The most representative is the cultivation of corn in cold Siberia, and the final grain harvest is not harvested. Although the starting point is to improve the living standards of the people, the improper practice has greatly exacerbated social contradictions, and thus gradually lost the support of the people.
The second is to engage in an arms race with the United States. Although the Soviet Union prospered in the pursuit of world hegemony, in the process, the Soviet Union invested too much in the military industry, so that it neglected the development of other fields. The deformed state also overloaded this huge state apparatus.
Third, efforts should be made to carry out political reform. This approach avoids excessive concentration of power, but it fundamentally shakes the foundation of the ruling class, making it gradually isolated politically, and eventually being drained by some politicians and losing its absolute right to rule. And the most criticized total repudiation of Stalin became the last straw that overwhelmed him.
However, after his retirement, taking into account Khrushchev's status as the leader of the USSR, the CPSU *** did not attack him excessively, and even gave him extremeAttractive retirement benefitsAs Mikoyan said: a monthly pension of 500 rubles and two high-end cars, the current villa and the mansion on Lenin Hill can continue to be used.
But this life did not last long, only three weeks later, he was forcibly moved out of the villa where he lived, if there was no need, all outdoor activities were prohibited, and the high-end car he was riding in was also replaced with a low-end or even second-hand one. Even later, he asked the CPSU to send him a man to help him sort out his dictationMemoirsSuch a simple request was also ruthlessly refused.
Perhaps before and after the coup d'état, the huge gap in identity hit Khrushchev so hard that for a long time later, he was in a trance, and his son also said in his later recollections:There are only two things in my father's life after retirement, staying at home and doing nothing. And this already shows from the side that at that time Khrushchev was almost equivalent to house arrest.
But Khrushchev was the leader after all, and after coming out of the shadow of **, he began to write a memoir to record his political experience. Without a recorder, he relied on oral recordings to complete a memoir about himself, and also revealed the inside story of many major events in it.
Unfortunately, his move was learned by the intelligence bureau of the Soviet Union at that time, and for the sake of social stability and harmony, and in order to prevent Khrushchev from deliberately smearing the CPSU**, the intelligence bureau used it againProtect the party and ***For this reason, all kinds of means were used to monitor and block Khrushchev's behavior, and all information about Khrushchev was hidden or erased. In this way, the former famous Khrushchev "evaporated from the world" overnight.
The surveillance of Khrushchev on the part of the CPSU continued until1971 year, which was not officially stopped until after the death of Khrushchev. And after Khrushchev's retirement, the time for real freedom was only a short period before his death. But even so, the CPSU still did not seem to let Khrushchev go.
After his death, the Soviet Union did not issue an obituary for him, and at his funeral, the number of people present was only one of his relativesLess than 200 people, such a scale and his illustrious status during his lifetime are obviously not worthy of the name. It is not surprising that a generation of leaders has ended up like this!
In the 20th year after Khrushchev's death, another leader suffered the same coup d'état as him. But it is also forced to retireGorbachev, but his later life was a different ......
In the early 90s of the last century, the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, like Khrushchev that year, received an urgent telegram from Moscow during his vacation, and it was Gorbachev's subordinate Yeltsin. Unlike Khrushchev,YeltsinThe attitude was very tough, and he coldly threw a word to Gorbachev: The Soviet Union has announced its disintegration, you should announce your resignation and retirement! But Yeltsin did not mention the relevant security after retirement.
Gorbachev, who was shocked by this sudden news, quickly calmed down and asked Yeltsin about the allowances, treatment, bodyguards and other related things that he could enjoy after retirement, and thought that Yeltsin would tell him calmly, but Yeltsin's next attitude really surprised Gorbachev.
Yeltsin asked him with great anger: ".We are now talking about the future and survival of the country and the nation, how can you only care about your retirement benefits? Despite this, the newly-born Russia** did not treat their former leader badly, promising to give him 4,000 rubles a month, which may be acceptable to Gorbachev.
And speaking of Gorbachev, it is naturally inseparable from Yeltsin's mention in **".The collapse of the Soviet Union”。Some people say that the collapse of the Soviet Union was caused by Gorbachev, but others believe that starting with Khrushchev, a hidden danger has been laid for the collapse of the Soviet Union, and Gorbachev only accelerated its process. Why?
Gorbachev since1985 yearAfter taking office, he began to reform the Soviet Union, and one of the most important measures was the implementation of the ** system, which greatly weakened the power of his own party, which ran counter to the ideology of socialism at that time, and it can be said that he directly abandoned the previous socialist road. At the same time, the currency continued to depreciate, social contradictions were completely intensified, and the Soviet Union led him to the road of irreversible disintegration.
In our perception, the leader who leads the country to its demise should not have a good ending, but Gorbachev's treatment after retirement is much beyond our imagination. What's going on here?
It turned out that the series of reforms carried out by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, although often criticized at home, were unanimously praised and supported by Westerners. Even more ironically, on the eve of the collapse of the USSR, Gorbachev also obtainedNobel Peace Prize, touted as a great figure by the West. So despite losing ground at home, Gorbachev's life was still more comfortable than others.
After Gorbachev's retirement, his life was not only not restricted and attacked by Russia, but also provided him with extremely generous political and material life treatment, while retaining his right to freedom of speech, political freedom, and even he could participate in the election campaign. This point, as early as 1992, in an interview, Gorbachev mentioned it:I will not be detached from political life and the public arena, and I will not be held accountable for Yeltsin for my actions.
Of course, he didn't just talk. March 1996, Gorbachev publicly announced that he would run for ** as a "candidate for the forces of democracy and reform", but due to the loss of the support of the domestic population, the final vote rate was only 05%, unfortunately lost.
Not to be outdone, he began to "recruit troops" everywhere again, planning to form a new party, and at the same time opening a new direction of his life: writing books. Because he did not lose his right to freedom of speech, as Khrushchev did, he took the opportunity to write it over the yearsTruth and Freedom: Gorbachev's Memoirsand many other books, detailing the whole process of the coup d'état. For this, he also received millions of dollars in royalties, which can be said to be a real winner in life.
Not only that, he has also participated in the filming of advertisements, films and television many times, and he has appeared in many film and television dramas about the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the cast of many film and television dramas is impressively written: Gorbachev plays Gorbachev. Like him, as the last leader, and actively engaged in the ranks of actors, it can be said that it is extremely rare in history. Not only that, but he also devoted himself to multiple ranks such as academics, making a lot of money, and becoming a business ghost, such a multiple identity switching back and forth is really incredible.
The same experience, but lived a different life, Khrushchev and GorbachevThe head of the former Soviet Union, full of endless legends. Today, Gorbachev is in his old age and is still living comfortably. For Khrushchev, this may have been the life he was pursuing.
So some people say,The lives of Khrushchev and Gorbachev after they were forced to retire were hell and heaven。But after they retired, the lives of the people in the country turned into heaven and hell. After the former leaves office, at least the common people are left with a prosperous country, and after the latter leaves office, what is left to the public is only to fall apart. This has to be said to be a great irony. But these are no longer important to the two of them.
The worlds of different living treatment will always leave people with unlimited space for reverie. Although Khrushchev was bleak in his later years, the memoirs he painstakingly wrote were finally circulated abroad at the end of the last century, which may be the greatest consolation for Khrushchev.
Looking back at the different experiences of the two after retirement, a big reason is their attitude towards emergencies and the way they deal with them. Compared with Gorbachev, who was thinking about change in the face of change, Khrushchev first lost his sense of proportion, and gradually messed up, and finally left a period of embarrassing old age.
Therefore, for us personally, in the face of accidents, it is very necessary to maintain a good attitude, the so-called "misfortune and blessing rely on, blessing and misfortune lurk", nothing is eternal, there is always something to pass, and what we have to do is to try to live every minute and every second.