Manure refers to the use of organic wastes such as crop straw, weeds, leaves, green manure, human and animal manure, under flooded conditions, through the fermentation of microorganisms, to produce an organic fertilizer rich in a variety of nutrients. This kind of fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and long-lasting fertilizer effect, which plays an important role in improving soil and fertilizing soil fertility. In order to give full play to the effect of manure in increasing yield, it is necessary to master the correct production method.
First, the raw materials of manure
The raw materials of manure are very extensive, and all plant residues such as crop straw, weeds, leaves, green manure, vegetable waste, etc., as well as human and animal manure, domestic garbage, etc., can be used as raw materials for manure. These raw materials are rich in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and organic acids, etc., and are excellent fertilizers for crops after being processed and decomposed.
Second, the production place of manure
The manure production site should choose a place with flat terrain, quiet environment, shelter from wind and sun, and generally take the idle land close to the vegetable garden or farmland, which is easy to manage and use. The size of the compost pile can be determined according to the amount of raw materials, generally 500 2000 kg of raw materials per pile is appropriate.
Third, the production method of manure
The method of making manure is to cut straw, weeds, leaves, etc. into small sections of 10 20 cm long, mix with human and animal manure in a ratio of 3 5:1, pour in an appropriate amount of water, make it fully moist, and then pile it in the manure site, seal it tightly with thin mud, and then cover it with a layer of 20 cm thick soil layer to keep warm and moisturize, and promote the decomposition activities of microorganisms. Generally, it is piled for 1 2 months, and it can be rotted. After rotting, the manure is black-brown, soft in texture, and slightly sour in smell.
In the process of making manure, in order to accelerate the decomposition of manure and reduce nutrient loss, the following points should be noted:
1.Chopping raw materials: Shredding raw materials such as straw, weeds, and leaves can increase the contact surface between microorganisms and raw materials and accelerate the decomposition process. At the same time, shredded raw materials are also easy to pile up and transport.
2.Adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio: The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the raw material of manure. The appropriate C/N ratio is 25:1 30:1. If the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too large, the decomposition rate will be slow and the decomposition time will be long; If the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too small, the nitrogen will be lost and odors will be easily generated. Therefore, in the process of brewing, the carbon and nitrogen ratio should be adjusted according to the type and quantity of raw materials to reach the appropriate range.
3.Add appropriate amount of water: the amount of water added should be determined according to the degree of dryness and wetness of the raw materials, generally to keep the pile moist. If the raw material is too wet, it is easy to lead to poor ventilation and affect the activity of microorganisms; If the raw material is too dry, microbial activity is difficult and the decomposition rate is slow. In the process of brewing, water should also be replenished in a timely manner according to the weather and humidity in the reactor to maintain the appropriate humidity in the reactor.
4.Frequent turning: The purpose of turning the pile is to increase the oxygen content in the pile, promote microbial activity, and accelerate the decomposition process. The number and time of turning the pile should be determined according to the weather and the temperature inside the pile. Generally, the pile is turned every 5 7 days in the high temperature season, and every 10 15 days in the low temperature season. When turning the pile, the fertilizer on the outer layer of the pile should be turned into the pile, and the fertilizer in the pile should be turned over to the outside of the pile, so that the fertilizer is evenly heated. At the same time, the humidity in the reactor should also be checked, and if the humidity is insufficient, the water should be replenished in time.
5.Prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria: During the brewing process, attention should be paid to preventing contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. Once contamination is found, it should be removed in time and disinfected with lime water. In addition, some alkaline substances such as lime powder or plant ash can also be added to the pile to adjust the pH and inhibit the reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria.
Fourth, the use of manure
After the manure is ripe, it can be used as basal fertilizer. Before application, the compost pile should be loosened so that it is in full contact with the air for further maturation. Then, according to the needs of the crop type and the growing period, the manure is evenly applied into the soil. Generally, the application rate per mu is 1000 2000 kg. Manure can also be used as top dressing, but it should be applied to the soil in advance so that it mixes well with the soil before planting crops. In addition, manure can also be used to prepare nutrient soil and seedling substrate.
5. Precautions
1.*Avoid using unrotted manure**: Unrotted manure contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs and weed seeds, etc., which will bring harm to crops after application. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the manure is fully decomposed before application.
2.*Appropriate application**: Although manure is rich in nutrients, it should not be overapplied. Excessive application not only results in nutrient waste, but can also adversely affect crop growth.