Lead.
Classical poetry has a subtle influence on children's hearts. In the Book of Rites, it is said: "He is also a man, gentle and honest but not stupid, and he is deeper than a poet." ”
We encourage our children to read ancient poems, but why should we read classical poems? Can classical poetry solve the problems of our daily lives? Is there a guide and guidance for our ordinary life?
Today, we asked Mr. Ye Jiaying's assistant, Zhang Jing, an associate professor at Nankai University, to answer this question with two poems by Du Fu as examples.
These two poems by Du Fu are written about ordinary trivial matters, but they show the mind and vision of a great writer and a first-rate writer.
Mr. Zhang Jing and Mr. Yip Ka Ying.
Text |ZHANG Jing.
Associate Professor, School of Liberal Arts, Nankai University.
Assisted Mr. Ye Jiaying in compiling and selecting "Ancient Poems for Children".
Zhang Jing: Two poems by Du > "Climbing the Stork's Tower"., to the child, 20 minutes First of all, let's take a look at Du Fu's "Binding Chickens", this poem is actually very simple, there are no difficult allusions, but here it talks about a kind of realm, or Du Fu left a smooth road or direction for our descendants.
01 How do you look at the "gains and losses of chickens and insects" in life? Chicken binding.
Du fu. The little slave tied the chicken to sell it to the market, and the chickens were tied up and quarreled with each other.
The family is tired of chickens and insectivores and ants, and I don't know that chickens are sold and cooked.
How thick and thin the insect chicken is to people, I reprimand the slave to untie it.
When the chickens and insects are lost, they pay attention to the Hanjiang Mountain Pavilion.
Du Fu said that when I came home one day, I heard that the house was boiling, chickens and dogs were jumping, and there was a lot of trouble, so I asked what was going on?
It turned out that the servants of the family were catching chickens all over the yard, and of course the chickens were unwilling to be caught, so the chickens flew and the dogs jumped, and the family was not peaceful. So I asked, why did you catch the chickens? The servant said, "The house is tired of chickens and insects and ants", and the chickens are always running around in the yard and eating the small insects and ants in the yard, so they should catch it and sell it.
But Du Fu said, "I don't know if the chicken is sold and cooked", but have you ever thought about it, if you catch the chicken and sell it to the market now, won't it also become someone else's meal? Should we pity chickens or sympathize with insects and ants?
I reprimanded the slave to untie him", and I told the servant to let it go first, and we will discuss it later.
Let's see, what Du Fu is talking about here is such an infection and a kind of trouble that daily trivial things have on our souls. I believe that as long as there are crowds of people, where there are conflicts of interest, there must be troubles, including our daily family life, there must be entanglements and troubles in all aspects. What to do?
The inside page of the Ancient Poems for Children (Lecture Edition).
The greatness of Du Fu lies in the fact that he pointed out a bright path through imagery: "When the gains and losses of chickens and insects are exhausted", if you are careful, the gains and losses of chickens and insects will always exist.
Let's think about whether this is the case, we are going to study, there is a dispute between the interests of people and me, and when we look for a job in the future, there is also a contradiction between you and me. Even in a school, evaluating job titles, raising salaries, etc., in our lives, there will be all kinds of troubles about the gains and losses of chickens and insects, which do not exist all the time, what should we do?
This kind of confusion and struggle, Du Fu also realized, he has his own direction.
He said that at this time, I would go out of the door, "pay attention to the cold river and lean on the mountain pavilion", look at the vast and lofty scenery in the distance, and find a more ambitious and lofty goal and direction for my heart and mind, which is the most advantageous way for us to fight against the trivial things of daily life.
When I was studying for a master's degree in Nanjing, I had a computer school, and when I graduated with a master's degree, she went to work as a teacher at the local university, and when she got married, I went to their wedding, which was more than ten years ago, and they already had a villa sports car. At the time, I thought they were living in a fairy tale.
But when I graduated, she asked me, "I really don't understand why you want to do a Ph.D., why do you want to continue studying?" "I said that because there are too many books to read in this major, many of them have not been finished. For example, "Detailed Notes on Du Poems" needs to be read one by one, and every week I go to report to the teacher which poems I have read, and what my feelings and questions are.
One day, I received a ** from this friend, saying that I couldn't live this day. said that the eldest sister-in-law came today, and she ate and took it away; A few days later, the second sister-in-law came again and said that she would borrow money to buy a house or something, and my family was not a ...... who opened a bankMany of these kinds of conflicts between sisters-in-law in families.
I said, I really don't have experience in the conflict between my sister-in-law in marriage, so I can only tell you about "Binding Chickens". After I finished speaking, she said, "What do you mean, I'll also get a PhD?" (Everyone laughs.) ）
Zhang Jing at the 2016 World Book Day lecture on ancient poetry.
I said that Du Fu didn't say anything about the doctorate examination, Du Fu said that instead of entangled in such a trivial life and indulging in the troubles of gains and losses, it is better to jump out and put your energy and time on a higher goal, so as to redeem not only yourself, but also the surrounding people. When you get out of it, you will find that others may not be as calculating as you imagined, and they can't get along with you.
Later, my friend was admitted to Fudan for a doctorate and stayed in Shanghai to work, and now their mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and sister-in-law relationship are very harmonious.
Therefore, Du Fu's poem is really about family life, and as someone said, home is not a place to be reasonable, there is no right or wrong, what should I do?
We say that as long as there are crowds, there must be conflicts of interest, and there must be contradictions and disputes. As the ancients said: "How can the sun and the moon be born?" ”
We think about the gains and losses of this kind of chicken worm all day long, what other thoughts, what kind of mind to read and do learning?
Therefore, a writer with real character can not only tell us about patriotism and loyalty, but more importantly, he can convey a philosophy of life to us in daily life.
02 Du Fu's attitude towards the disadvantaged groups In addition, I would like to talk to you about another poem by Du Fu, called "Wu Lang Again":
and Wu Lang "Du Fu".
In front of the hall, there is a woman with no food and no children.
Rather than be poor and poor? It's only because of fear that you have to be close.
Even if there are many things to prevent distant visitors, it is very true to plug in the fence.
has sued to solicit poverty to the bone, is thinking about the horse tears.
Let's see, what kind of attitude does Du Fu have when dealing with the relationship with the disadvantaged?
"Presented to Wu Lang, it can be seen that this is Du Fu writing a letter to Wu Lang again. Why? Because when Du Fu was in Sichuan, he lived in a thatched cottage, and the previous house was lived in by Wu Lang.
The inside page of the Ancient Poems for Children (Lecture Edition).
Some people are researching whether Wu Lang and Du Fu are related, but in fact, this is not important, the important thing is that after Wu Lang lived in Du Fu's house, there was a neighbor on the west side of the house, an old woman.
This old woman is a "woman with no food and no children", she has neither financial **, nor children to support, and is lonely, so she comes to eat dates whenever the dates are ripe, and she has developed such a habit when Du Fu is there.
But after Du Fu left, Wu Lang came, and Wu Lang felt that the property right of this jujube tree belonged to his family, so he fenced the jujube tree with his own house. This old woman hasn't read a lot of books, and she doesn't understand any big truths, she is very realistic, and she feels that there are no dates to eat.
Therefore, once I saw Du Fu, the old woman nagged Du Fu, saying that you were fine before, and you still had dates to eat, but now that you are gone, you don't even have dates to eat.
This old woman has no interest relationship with Du Fu, compared to Du Fu, she is definitely a vulnerable group. But for such an old woman, Du Fu wrote another letter to Wu Lang, saying that "the jujube in front of the hall is the neighbor to the west", just let her go, let her eat jujubes.
The inside page of the Ancient Poems for Children (Lecture Edition).
Because she is a lonely woman without any security. He said that if a person is not extremely poor, how can he rely on beating other people's dates to satisfy his hunger.
If we can understand the kind of fear she was afraid of eating dates - after all, it is not her own dates, and she must not be so at ease when she eats dates - if we experience the fear in her heart, we should be closer to her and more tolerant.
Therefore, we say that Du Fu is the character, mind and cultivation of a first-rate writer. Therefore, we often say that how to write a good poem really depends on what kind of level your personal cultivation and embrace have reached, and what kind of work you have in your pen.
"Binding the Chicken" is a poem selected from the "Ancient Poems for Children", hoping that the child can get in touch with some of the life wisdom of these sages on his growth path, including some traces of their thinking about the path of their own life, including the value of their lives.
Maybe one day, the child really encounters these troubles, he will think, oh, the road that has been traveled by predecessors, what should I do, he will have a reflection, he will have an uplift.
Reading cured my mental exhaustion